(2352,'Role of pet dogs for our brain','role-pet-dogs-our-brain','2022-10-07 17:23:39.140105','<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">We humans, keep meeting people throughout\r\nour lifespan. We make <b>connections</b>, we lose them. Also, some humans make\r\nconnections with materialistic things. But all these connections last just for a particular time due to the effect they create on our life.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><b>Human behavior </b>always tends to make\r\npermanent connections where they get happiness and loyalty. Many types of research and\r\nstudies have shown that a bond between <b>human-animal </b>is more strong compared to\r\nhuman-human. This is because humans sometimes tend to be selfish at times but animals\r\ndon’t.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">The most prominent bond between humans-animals is the bond between humans and <b>pet dogs</b>. We are aware that dogs\r\nalways show loyalty, honesty, and care toward their human friend.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">Talking about a friend, Dogs are not just\r\npets. They just become like a friend. They play, they care, and they share as we\r\nhuman friends do.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-07/440d8de0-10a0-434f-9254-b4faf6b4736f.webp\" style=\"width: 325.688px; height: 217.125px;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">A recent study revealed that dogs can smell\r\nstress. Apart from their sniffing skills, they can do so because they connect\r\nto humans in such a way.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><font color=\"#212438\" face=\"Arial, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><u>Read this</u>:&nbsp;</span></font><a href=\"https://educracypedia.com/news/category_news/dogs-can-smell-stress/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Dogs can smell stress</b></span></a></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"> </span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">Dogs always show selfless love to humans. They help\r\nhumans to overcome <b>mental health</b> issues.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt;\">If we want to learn what it\r\nmeans to love and care selflessly, let’s just look at dogs. They are a perfect\r\nexample of this.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\r\n&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\">New research reveals that viewing,\r\nfeeling, and touching real dogs leads to higher levels of activity in the\r\n<b>prefrontal cortex</b> of the <b>brain</b>. This research is published in PLOS ONE and was\r\nled by Rahel Marti </span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">at the University of Basel in Switzerland. The prefrontal cortex is\r\nrelevant because it is responsible for the regulation and processing of social\r\nand emotional interactions.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">These\r\nfindings have implications for <b>animal-assisted clinical therapy</b>. This is so\r\nbecause interacting with dogs helps people to cope with stress and\r\ndepression issues. According to the researchers, understanding this brain\r\nactivity will help clinicians to enhance systems for animal-assisted therapy.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"> </span><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\ncolor:#212438\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">During this study, the\r\nresearchers examined the activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. They\r\nmeasured this activity with <b>infrared neuroimaging technology</b>. The research\r\ninvolved 19 men and women. Each individual viewed a dog. They also petted the\r\ndog. These same conditions were performed with Leo. It is nothing but a stuffed\r\nlion with filled with a water bottle for matching the temperature and weight of\r\nthe dogs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">This study resulted\r\nthat when the individuals interacted with the real dogs, the prefrontal\r\nactivity was greater. The largest result showed in <b>petting </b>which was\r\nconsidered as the most interactive activity. Secondly, the prefrontal activity\r\nof the brain kept increasing every time the individuals interacted with the real\r\ndogs. These results were not observed while interacting with Leo.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">The authors of this\r\nstudy added: \"The present study\r\ndemonstrates that prefrontal brain activity in healthy subjects increased with\r\na rise in interactional closeness with a dog or a plush animal, but especially\r\nin contact with the dog the activation is stronger. This indicates that\r\ninteractions with a dog might activate more attentional processes and elicit\r\nstronger emotional arousal than comparable nonliving stimuli.\"</span></p>','2022-10-07 17:23:39.140151','uploads/news/dog11.jpg',1,'PLOS','The study resulted that when the individuals interacted with the real dogs, the prefrontal activity was greater. The largest result showed in petting which was considered as the most interactive activity. Secondly, the prefrontal activity of the brain kept increasing every time the individuals interacted with the real dogs. These results were not observed while interacting with Leo(a stuffed lion).',5,8,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Rahel Marti, Milena Petignat, Valentine L. Marcar, Jan Hattendorf, Martin Wolf, Margret Hund-Georgiadis, Karin Hediger.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Effects of contact with a dog on prefrontal brain activity: A controlled trial</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (10): e0274833 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274833\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1371/journal.pone.0274833</a></li></ol>'),(2353,'Critical information about the size and growth speed of gliomas','critical-information-about-size-and-growth-speed-gliomas','2022-10-08 18:56:24.428376','<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A significant new hint for forestalling and treating cerebrum growths known as gliomas has been distinguished in research driven by the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Exploration Establishment (LTRI) at Mount Sinai Emergency clinic in Toronto and Mayo Facility Thorough Disease Community and Mayo Center Place for Individualized Medication. The review, distributed in the diary Science, gives an uncommon window into the organic changes behind glioma improvement.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-119a4679-7fff-d313-4537-142fa92f84a3\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Scientists found that creature models that convey an adjustment of DNA known as germline change rs55705857 created gliomas substantially more habitually - - and much more efficiently - - contrasted with creature models without the modification. Notwithstanding mind growth, the discoveries apply to different tumors and illnesses.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\"While we see a large part of the biologic capability of germline changes inside qualities that code for proteins, we have hardly any familiarity with the biologic capability of germline modifications beyond qualities that code for proteins. Here and there, these germline changes collaborate with different transformations in cells to speed up cancer development,\" says co-lead creator Robert Jenkins, M.D., Ph.D., a hereditary qualities scientist at Mayo Facility in Rochester. \"In light of this new comprehension of its component of activity, the future examination might prompt novel and explicit treatments that focus on the rs55705857 adjustment.\"</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-08/9b82d77b-20ca-4260-bad4-53b9ca456c38.jpg\" style=\"width: 698px;\"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The review offers new information that might end up being useful to clinicians\' decisions, pre-medical procedures, and whether a patient has a glioma.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\"We expected that rs55705857 would speed up poor quality glioma improvement, however, we were shocked by the size of that speed increase,\" says co-lead creator Daniel Schramek, Ph.D., a specialist at Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Exploration Establishment.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There are numerous changes, possibly thousands, beyond qualities related to the improvement of malignant growth and different sicknesses, yet the instrument of activity is just perceived for not very many, Dr. Schramek says.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">That\'s what this study exhibits, with the devices of current subatomic/cell science, unraveling a significant part of the component of activity of such alterations is conceivable.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Jenkins is a Chime Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Teacher in Individualized Medication Exploration and a specialist in Mayo Facility\'s Branch of Lab Medication and Pathology.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Schramek is a senior specialist and holds a Kierans and Jarnigan Exploration Seat at the LTRI and is an academic administrator, at the Division of Subatomic Hereditary qualities, Workforce of Medication, College of Toronto.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-08/5b68c3bb-5cd7-4bb0-90c8-65b661ecad3b.jpg\" style=\"width: 698px;\"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Mayo Facility Thorough Malignant Growth Community</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assigned as a thorough malignant growth place by the Public Disease Foundation, Mayo Facility Complete Malignant growth Place is characterizing new limits in probability, zeroing in on understanding focused care, creating novel therapies, preparing people for the future of malignant growth specialists, and bringing disease exploration to networks. At Mayo Facility Extensive Disease Place, a culture of development and joint effort is driving examination to leap forwards that are changing ways to deal with malignant growth counteraction, screening and therapy, and working on the existences of malignant growth survivors. Visit the Mayo Facility Exhaustive Malignant growth Community Blog for news, data, and stories from Mayo Center\'s disease specialists and patients.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Mayo Center</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mayo Center is a not-for-profit association focused on development in clinical practice, training and examination, and giving empathy, skill, and replies to every individual who needs recuperating. Visit the Mayo Facility News Organization for extra Mayo Centeanalyzingr news.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br></b></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Exploration Organization</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Exploration Organization (LTRI), part of Sinai Wellbeing, is a main biomedical examination place, positioned among the top biomedical exploration establishments on the planet. Laid out in 1985, the foundation is significantly propelling comprehension of human science in well-being and sickness. A significant number of the forward leaps that started as central examination have brought about new and better ways of forestalling, analyzing, and treating predominant circumstances. The establishment is associated with the College of Toronto and is centered around ladies\' and babies\' wellbeing, disease science, foundational microorganism science and regenerative medication, neurobiology, diabetes, joint pain, wellbeing frameworks research, populace wellbeing administrations and arrangements, and frameworks science. www.lunenfeld.ca.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><br></p>','2022-10-08 18:53:26.223177','uploads/news/dementia-7420655__340.jpg',1,'Mayo Clinic','A significant new piece of information for forestalling and treating mind growths known as gliomas has been recognized. The review gives an intriguing window into the organic changes behind glioma improvement.',3,68,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Connor Yanchus, Kristen L. Drucker, Thomas M. Kollmeyer, Ricky Tsai, Warren Winick-Ng, Minggao Liang, Ahmad Malik, Judy Pawling, Silvana B. De Lorenzo, Asma Ali, Paul A. Decker, Matt L. Kosel, Arijit Panda, Khalid N. Al-Zahrani, Lingyan Jiang, Jared W. L. Browning, Chris Lowden, Michael Geuenich, J. Javier Hernandez, Jessica T. Gosio, Musaddeque Ahmed, Sampath Kumar Loganathan, Jacob Berman, Daniel Trcka, Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michealraj, Jerome Fortin, Brittany Carson, Ethan W. Hollingsworth, Sandra Jacinto, Parisa Mazrooei, Lily Zhou, Andrew Elia, Mathieu Lupien, Housheng Hansen He, Daniel J. Murphy, Liguo Wang, Alexej Abyzov, James W. Dennis, Philipp G. Maass, Kieran Campbell, Michael D. Wilson, Daniel H. Lachance, Margaret Wrensch, John Wiencke, Tak Mak, Len A. Pennacchio, Diane E. Dickel, Axel Visel, Jeffrey Wrana, Michael D. Taylor, Gelareh Zadeh, Peter Dirks, Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Liliana Attisano, Ana Pombo, Cristiane M. Ida, Evgeny Z. Kvon, Robert B. Jenkins, Daniel Schramek.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">A noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism at 8q24 drives IDH1 -mutant glioma formation</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Science</em>, 2022; 378 (6615): 68 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj2890\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1126/science.abj2890</a></li></ol>'),(8992,'Ramadan: the month of fasting for muslim and social cohesion—mapping the unexplored effect','ramadan-the-month-of-fasting-for-muslim-and-social-cohesion-mapping-the-unexplored-effect','2022-11-03 13:28:31.693790','<p><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">As we know, for Muslims, Ramadan is a month in which the fasting ritual is observed and interpreted as an event for fostering social cohesion. That\'s why this study used examined the relationship between mechanical solidarity and social cohesion mediated by generosity during Ramadan. The relationships between variables were tested through PLS-SEM using data collected from 600 respondents located separately in Yogyakarta and West Sumatra. The finding showed us that mechanical solidarity and social cohesion are more significant when mediated by generosity. In practice, it is shown that the dimensions of charity (</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">alms</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">infaq</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) strengthen mechanical solidarity, which is a collective consciousness and cooperation spirit, to influence social cohesion.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> Furthermore, generosity activities supported mechanical solidarity in strengthening the social cohesion among Muslims in Yogyakarta and West Sumatra, Indonesia. And elaboration on the factors accelerating social cohesion is an important issue for social and religious studies. It is so useful for transforming the dimensions of Islamic rituals into social impacts and determining harmony between religious communities in the future.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">As a specific epoch of the religious journey of the Muslim community ...</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Ramadan has a variety of privileges selected for religion</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Among the specialties it is the presence of glory and blessings, where the gates of heaven are wide open (Imam Ahmad: 6851), forgiveness (Sunan Abu Daud: 1165), prayers are granted (Thabrani: 1423), and goodness doubled (Muslim; 1266). It is a Belief in Ramadan as a month of glory and blessings that encouraged Muslims to conduct good deeds to obtain the promised piety (QS.2: 183), increasing the frequency of worship</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> Intensification of various activities and rituals, such as</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Guwahati</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">,</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">tarawih</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">,</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">nuzul Qur\'an</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">,</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">i\'tikaf&nbsp;</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">grave pilgrimage, and</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">tadarus,</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">illustrate that Ramadan is the most important Islamic ritual obligation&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and a critical part of the spiritual life</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In addition to the intensification of religious rituals, human relations enter a new kind of social relationship with each other with an increasing sense of brotherhood, unity, and solidarity among believers</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Ramadan contains universal values that apply to all Muslims, including religious benefits, purification, strengthening the</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ummah</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, generosity, food habits, social patterns, and dress code</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, the local context also strongly influences the practice and meaning.&nbsp;</span></p><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>There are two tendencies of studies on Ramadan:</b></span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#505050\">&nbsp;first is the </font><b style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\">radical perspective</b><font color=\"#505050\">. Few works can be traced to this point of view in some detail, except for</font><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;</font></span><div class=\"dropBlock reference-citations\" style=\"display: inline; position: relative;\"><a href=\"https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(22)02265-4#bib12\" id=\"back-bib12\" data-db-target-for=\"bib12-d69349623e2476\" class=\"reference-citations__ctrl\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bib12\" style=\"cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(235, 235, 235);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Buitelaar, 1993</font></span></a></div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;a</font><font color=\"#505050\">nd&nbsp;</font></span><div class=\"dropBlock reference-citations\" style=\"display: inline; position: relative;\"><a href=\"https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(22)02265-4#bib5\" id=\"back-bib5\" data-db-target-for=\"bib5-d69349623e2479\" class=\"reference-citations__ctrl\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bib5\" style=\"cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(235, 235, 235);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Antoun, 1986</font></span></a></div><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. They described Ramadan as a form of annual oppression of the Muslim community. The month is also attributed to a state of suffering that cannot be enjoyed by those who practice it, specifically women who are burdened with the practice of oppression. Second, analyzing Ramadan in a functionalist approach is mainly in the social aspects, such as solidarity, economy, and social capital formation </span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<b>In Indonesia, there have been only six studies related to Ramadan:</b></span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Jorge Hellman\'s reflections on local discourse and the meaning of fasting as empowerment, obedience, and self-control (2006) and changes in the definition of eating (2008). Moller\'s studies are centered on the practice of fasting and various cultural rituals (2005), as well as&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">tarawih</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;rituals and prayers for the Muslim community. S</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">urveyed the transformation of space (</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">shopping mall</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) into an ideological sphere filled with religious symbols moving through social imagination and negotiating Islamic modernity.&nbsp;</span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In addition to covering the above studies that have not paid particular attention to the Muslim community\'s cohesiveness during Ramadan, this study covers a variety of findings demonstrating that Islam\'s religious rites and practices improve social cohesion</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Furthermore, it is based on a field study conducted in West Sumatra and Yogyakarta Provinces to examine factors influencing social cohesion during Ramadan. These factors are grouped into several groups of variables. For example, mechanical solidarity is the exogenous variable with the dimensions of collective consciousness and cooperation spirit, while generosity is a mediator variable consisting of infaq and&nbsp;</span><em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">alms</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Social cohesion is the endogenous variable with five dimensions of moral feeling, tolerance, sense of belonging, and social harmony. Mechanical solidarity is tested directly on social cohesion to analyze the impact when this variable is mediated by generosity. This study is important based on two arguments. First, Ramadan is interpreted as a mere moment of spirituality and not seen as a momentum where social change can be promoted through various religious rituals</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. This study identifies that through the spiritual practices of fasting and acts of generosity, Ramadan can promote social cohesion</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Second, Yogyakarta and West Sumatra, as two provinces where people are full of religious and cultural values, are selected as fields</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;to become an empirical prototype of the assumptions that will be verified.</span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></div><ul><li style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem;\"><h3 class=\"sectionTitle\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; font-size: 1.375rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"top__text\" style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Social cohesion: concepts and its mechanism:</b></span></h3><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Ramadan in social studies is not only understood as mere time or momentum but also interpreted as a social arena where change is formed through various religious rites and rituals practiced by Muslims.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;In this situation, several studies have been carried out by social scholars. However, they remained significantly limited in examining social changes caused by the increase of spirituality in the social behavior of Muslims. Among the literature is the study conducted&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">concerning Ramadan, identifying how it has become a momentum for the rise in religiosity-based tourism. During Ramadan, various tourism industries, such as hotels and restaurants, are transformed into spaces highlighting Islamic accessories and religiosity&nbsp;</span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In addition to being related to the economy, Ramadan certainly impacts social life, as identified by the following several studies.&nbsp;</span><div class=\"dropBlock reference-citations\" style=\"display: inline; position: relative;\"><a href=\"https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(22)02265-4#bib2\" id=\"back-bib2\" data-db-target-for=\"bib2-d69349623e2546\" class=\"reference-citations__ctrl\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bib2\" style=\"cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(235, 235, 235);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Ahmad and Goel, 2012</font></span></a></div><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;recognized that the month encourages adaptation to economic institutions, markets, and social cohesiveness. This is indicated by the increase in charitable activities, such as the upper social class (</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">qāniyun</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) giving alms to the lower social community (</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">masākin</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">).</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;This theory becomes the foundation to assert that Ramadan has become a \"field study\" where various factors can be identified and positioned as indicators of social change at the community level (i.e., ummah). Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors responsible for the change concerning social cohesion.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-01/b3dc9e15-5a07-47fc-8514-09211833e964.png\" style=\"width: 580px;\"></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Social cohesion is defined as \"a process of valuing, expressing, and promoting love, trust, admiration, peace, harmony, respect, generosity and equity upon other people in any particular society regardless of national origin, weight, marital status, ethnicity, color, gender, race, age, and occupation\" </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Therefore, it theorizes individuals in a community to \"being social\", a process where there is coexistence without considering the identity formed through cultural and religious ties. sharma</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;introduced the theory of developing social harmony through two levels. Building social cohesion at these two levels is inseparable from efforts to promote the underlying values and principles.</span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#505050\">The first level is a process that occurs at the individual level. At this level, strengthening social cohesion can be conducted through several stages. First, developing empathy refers to behavior in which individuals try to deeply understand other people\'s feelings or empathize with the problems faced by others </font><font color=\"#000000\">(</font></span><font color=\"#000000\"><div class=\"dropBlock reference-citations\" style=\"display: inline; position: relative;\"><a href=\"https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(22)02265-4#bib53\" id=\"back-bib53\" data-db-target-for=\"bib53-d69349623e2569\" class=\"reference-citations__ctrl\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bib53\" style=\"cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(235, 235, 235);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Sharma,</font> <font color=\"#000000\">2015</font></span></a></div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">). They&nbsp;</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">understood this concept as meaning cooperation, consensus, and unity. The Islamic tradition also teaches that empathy is a pillar of unity, social cohesion, and harmony</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In this context, Islam offers an essential and valuable instrument to foster this concept for others (Riyadi,2016)</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The instrument comprises all movements of generosity recommended and even obligatory in Islam, such as giving&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">alms</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">infaq</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Second, grouping for friendship, and at this stage, social cohesion can grow by strengthening the communities or groups to increase amity</span><span style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">). Gatherings can promote social cohesion as a community will increase the sense of security among the members&nbsp;</span></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Third, developing social cohesion at the individual level is \"strengthening mutually\". Every human being has specific talents, skills, and abilities. These advantages can be used in covering and supporting the existentialism of others with disadvantages. Humans will be promoted to cooperate and share knowledge and benefits with others at this stage. This process is believed to strengthen social cohesion&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">identified in Islamic communities. During the momentum of Ramadan, \"mutually strengthening\" occurs through various social activities</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. For example, giving food to each other, giving charity, and sharing knowledge related to Islam. Fourth is acquiring allies, and at this stage, the community demonstrates trust, cares for others, and uses knowledge to support the increased awareness of the importance of social harmony...</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-01/1fa15d85-4ef3-42dc-90df-cb64f49f9708.png\" style=\"width: 510.993px;\"></div><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Two aspects support social cohesion in this context:</b></span></div><ul><li style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The first aspect is the growth of moral feeling, a sense of morality, moral action</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and a sense of belonging. Therefore, moral feelings and a sense of belonging are meaningful in acquiring allies to support social cohesion.</span></li><li style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;The second aspect is promoting social cohesion at the institutional level</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. At this stage, the government and organizations, such as NGOs, play an essential role in promoting relational well-being and social cohesion.</span></li></ul><div class=\"section-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top: 0.625rem; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><br></div><div><br></div><div class=\"floatDisplay\" style=\"color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"></div></li></ul><p></p>','2022-10-17 20:37:12.940160','uploads/news/gr3.jpg',1,'CELL - Heliyon- Current','In addition to prayers and fasting Ramadan is the month of social cohesiveness, the common observance shared by rich and poor like offers the opportunity of social cohesion within.....',6,168,'Science direct,&nbsp;CELL - Heliyon- Current'),(10819,'Simulating the natural lighting for a physical and mental Well-being in residential building in Dubai, UAE','simulating-the-natural-lighting-for-a-physical-and-mental-well-being-in-residential-building-in-dubai-uae','2022-11-13 04:45:38.025443','<section id=\"s0005\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0030\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Our authentic lives have engendered a growing interest in life quality and the concept of well-being related to health</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The World Health Organization\'s (WHO) Charter includes integrating well-being, the meaning of welfare, and happiness, which defines human health as being disease-free and living a life of complete physical, mental, and social well-being</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A life of physical health and mental serenity is referred to as well-being</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. People seek to enjoy the health of their bodies and minds and a wealthy lifestyle centered on health and the environment, rather than a life seeking material values or reputations, as well-being arises from a global lifestyle</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Throughout society, well-being themes are applied to food, home appliances, and fashion and are rapidly spreading with the keyword of health</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. </span></p><p id=\"p0030\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Eco-friendly building materials help nature and people cohabit in the real estate sector, establishing eco-friendly housing as a sustainable concept</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Well-being, which has become a new way of life, needs to be reviewed apropos the light environment of residential spaces used for rest, comfort, peace, and relaxation</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Lighting offers a visual stimulus and a work environment in a house-residential setting so that residents can see the contents, and it is crucial for making the interior attractive and pleasant and the link to human health</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, to date, a tremendous oversight has obliterated the significance of light. Light is alive in its fundamental role of illuminating a space, delivering an appropriate amount of brightness consistently independent of the place\'s purpose and function and in users\' psychological and mental characteristics</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"p0035\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In the United Arab Emirates, UAE Government\'s 2021 objective is to be the best in the world on the Human Development Index</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and the happiest of all nations for the residents to feel a sense of belonging</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In 2016. His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Vice-President and Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai announced the new National Programme for Happiness and Well-being, which sets government policies, programs, and services that can promote virtues of a positive lifestyle in the community and a plan for the development of a happiness index to measure people\'s satisfaction</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"p0040\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Along with UAE\'s national strategy, The Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology (ESMA) introduced the indoor lighting standard not only for helping reduce energy consumption but ensuring a reduction in carbon emissions</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. These new lighting scene standards save 668&nbsp;M AED annually (approximately 452&nbsp;M AED in the residential sector), removing 940,000 tons of carbon emissions</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The UAE government is well aware of energy consumption and the reduction in carbon emissions in the quantitative analysis for lighting, although lighting for well-being is not well defined for psychological and mental health</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Analogously, current trends, technology, and national efforts are the background of this study that attempts to present new strategic lighting layouts (lighting scenes) standards related to light in residential spaces. The paper aims for a healthy life by presenting and simulating to the users the natural lighting diversity all over the day to cope with the circadian rhythm for physical and mental well-being in Dubai, UAE, by using innovative artificial lamps.</span></p></section><section id=\"s0010\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h2 id=\"st020\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Materials and methods:</b></span></h2><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/illuminance\" title=\"Learn more about Illuminance from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Illuminance</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;is the light flux per unit area incident on a specific space, expressed in lux units</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A person\'s brightness in everyday life varies significantly from 0.2&nbsp;lx of moonlight to 100,000&nbsp;lx of midday sunlight</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Therefore, illuminance is the basis of lighting design for the characteristics of space and human behavior and is an essential factor for realizing healthy lighting.</span></p><section id=\"s0015\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h3 id=\"st025\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Circadian rhythm:</span></b></h3><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0065\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">There is a definitive relationship between light brightness and circadian rhythm</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Light is the most critical stimulant to change the circadian rhythm</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Circadian System refers to the internal body clock, which collectively refers to the three regular rhythms of body, emotion, and intelligence.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;The circadian system regulates physiological rhythms such as human body temperature, sleep pattern, hormone secretion, and blood pressure</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A melatonin hormone made during sleep plays a vital role in regulating biological rhythms so that the body\'s overall function is in harmony.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Melatonin decreases when exposed to light in the morning, rises from around the evening, and increases gradually the night; it reaches its peak at 2:00 am to 3:00 am, and when dawn approaches, the amount of secretion decreases sharply, maintaining a low level from the morning</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. As such, melatonin is reduced by light, so it is meaningful to secrete appropriate melatonin through step-by-step brightness control before waking up or going to sleep</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Therefore, the human retina\'s light plays a vital role in seeing objects and matching the human body\'s rhythm to the 24-hour cycle</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The below figure</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;shows the hormones and body cycles related to light, where the illumination control can adjust the biological rhythm to suit the human body\'s characteristics and life patterns</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/3f5c1482-5924-4122-93b5-2920fdc013d6.png\" style=\"width: 577.983px;\"></p><figure class=\"figure text-xs\" id=\"f0005\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 8px 0px 0px; font-size: 0.7rem; line-height: 1.57; border-top: 1px solid rgb(185, 185, 185); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(185, 185, 185);\"><span class=\"captions\" style=\"margin: 16px 24px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 16px;\"><span id=\"cn0005\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"sp0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Fig.</span></p></span></span></figure></div></section><section id=\"s0020\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h3 id=\"st030\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<b>Vision and lighting:</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0070\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">There is a close correlation between light brightness and circadian rhythm</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The human eye can see a wide range of brightness during the day, from tens of thousands of luxe to less than 1&nbsp;lx at nighttime</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Bright and dark adaptation are two types of responses linked to light luminosity. Generally, it takes about 30&nbsp;min to change from bright adaptation to dark adaptation, and on the contrary, bright adaptation when coming out from a dark place to a bright one is concise, about 200&nbsp;ms</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, age affects visual perception; the older, the more the eye cells\' sensitivity to feel and respond to light decreases, and the sensitivity of the abstract body and rod to respond to the quantitative change of light decreases with age</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. As a result, the time required for dark adaptation increases, and at the same time, the adaptability to variation decreases, making it difficult to see an object in a dark place. In a residential environment, measures for the difference in brightness between the background and the subject or lighting are necessary, so a lighting layout that can adjust the illuminance and color temperature according to age should be considered in a residential space as the functionality of these spaces.</span></p></section><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"></p><section id=\"s0030\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"></section><p></p><section id=\"s0025\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; display: block; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\"><h3 id=\"st035\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400 !important; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Psychology and lighting:</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0075\" style=\"font-weight: 400; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The human brain emits different brain waves depending on the state of the body or the state of mind, and through these brain waves, it is possible to grasp the state of the brain</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Because light detects color not only by the eyes but also by the skin, the muscles are also tense by the light</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. People generally respond faster than usual when they receive bright or red light, and the response when they receive dark or green light is rather delayed</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Therefore, interior architects must do a lighting study in terms of brightness and hue, as these factors have a significant impact on the physical and psychological of the users. Color always exists and has much influence on our lives. Color selection occurs based on scientific psychology, physiology, lighting, and aesthetics</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. As culture develops, using color\'s psychological and physiological effects becomes more decisive</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Humans have various psychological reactions in space according to the direction of lighting. The projecting role of light is for visual activities, but the range of light is broad enough to affect environmental factors. Even in the same space, it is possible to create a space that changes in various ways according to the usage of light</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Lighting has a visual effect of reducing or expanding a given interior and acts as an element that affects the expression or size of the room or the height of the ceiling.</span></p><p id=\"p0075\" style=\"font-weight: 400; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><b style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80);\">Results:</b><br></p><p id=\"p0120\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The theoretical review and analysis of new lighting sources led to the following new lighting proposal developed for each interior space by finding the relationship between the residential space requirements and the light strategy for the interior environment. The proposals consider simulating the natural lighting levels and colors that improve the users\' biorhythms and visualities by the artificial lighting sources. The proposals are for one apartment for a typical family that needs to be composed of a Master Bedroom, Children\'s Room, Living Area, Bathroom, and Miscellaneous Space, using the recommended light level and the color temperature that follows the circadian rhythms.</span></p></section><div class=\"tables frame-topbot rowsep-0 colsep-0\" id=\"t0005\" style=\"margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif;\"><span class=\"captions\" style=\"margin: 16px 24px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 16px;\"><span id=\"cn0035\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"></span></span></div></div></section>','2022-10-17 20:45:19.607574','uploads/news/6335692769_0184646f4f_b1.webp',1,'Ain Shams Engineering Journal','The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is well aware of energy consumption and the reduction in carbon emissions from the quantitative analysis for lighting, but well-being, does not have a well-defined characteristic. This paper aims to investigate the context, analyze the appropriate lighting in the residential interiors in UAE, and present the planning direction of interior spaces. The methodology analyses the residential interiors\' functions, human well-being status, and main innovative lighting characteristics',6,4,'Science direct'),(13746,'How bacteria use electric fields to reach surfaces','how-bacteria-use-electric-fields-to-reach-surfaces','2022-11-12 14:47:37.723538','<section id=\"sec1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: outside none; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, &quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><li class=\"va-top ov-h\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">In particular, the way the microbial cells approach a solid surface in the presence of an electric field remains&nbsp;unclear. It seems tacitly accepted that microbial cells reach the surface of polarised electrodes by random motion and that the electrode impacts biofilm development only during the phase of cell growth on the surface.</span></li><li class=\"va-top ov-h\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1;\"><br></li></ul><p id=\"p0010\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Now, It is becoming increasingly obvious that&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/microbial-biofilms\" title=\"Learn more about microbial biofilms from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">microbial biofilms</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;have a natural tendency to exchange electrons with their support when they grow on a conductive surface</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. For us, it is around two decades, and microbial electroactive biofilms have been the source of the so-called microbial electrochemical technologies&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">with a huge number of possible application fields such as the production of electrical energy&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">or hydrogen&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">effluent treatments </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and metal recovery&nbsp;</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">for example. Electroactive biofilms have also been essential roles in&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/microbiological-corrosion\" title=\"Learn more about microbiologically influenced corrosion from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">microbiologically influenced corrosion</span></a>.</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Besides all it is the field of conventional&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/electrochemical-process\" title=\"Learn more about electrochemical processes from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">electrochemical processes</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, more and more cases of inter-species microbial&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/electron-transport\" title=\"Learn more about electron transfers from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">electron transfers</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;are being discovered to be mediated by conductive solids.</span></span></span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-12/bb6aa5a1-87aa-4eae-b3ea-f377b71dac7d.png\" style=\"width: 698.009px;\"></p><p id=\"p0015\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Extensive it is fundamental research has led to great advances in our understanding of extracellular electron transfers inside biofilms and between biofilms and electrodes</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Nevertheless, we still know very little about the early formation of electroactive biofilms. In particular, the way the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/microbial-cell\" title=\"Learn more about microbial cells from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">microbial cells</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;approach a solid surface in the presence of an electric field remains unclear. It seems tacitly accepted that microbial cells reach the surface of polarised electrodes by random motion and that the electrode impacts&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/biofilm-development\" title=\"Learn more about biofilm development from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">biofilm development</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;only during the phase of cell growth on the surface. The possible impact of the electric field on the approach phase, before the cells reach the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/electrode-surface\" title=\"Learn more about electrode surface from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">electrode surface</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, is rarely evoked.</span></span></span></span></p><p id=\"p0020\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">A few studies have pr osed that&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/bacterial-cell\" title=\"Learn more about bacterial cells from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">bacterial cells</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;can migrate in the electric field as colloids that are uniformly charged</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;or behave as dipoles</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In these cases, we have seen bacterial cells have been assumed to migrate passively, without the involvement of a specific sensing process. In contrast, a few reports have postulated that bacteria might detect local electric fields&nbsp;</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">through chemotaxis, by sensing the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/concentration-gradient\" title=\"Learn more about concentration gradient from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">concentration gradient</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;of redox compounds</span></span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Some reports have described the inhibition of&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/cell-motility\" title=\"Learn more about cell motility from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">cell motility</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;by an applied current, without evoking possible mechanisms</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Others have observed that the swimming speed of&nbsp;</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/shewanella\" title=\"Learn more about Shewanella from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\">Shewanella</a></em></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;species increases in the vicinity of a polarised electrode</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. This effect is different from a passive migration process because the swimming speed was enhanced in all directions of motion rather than in the direction of the electric field only. Nevertheless, the effect was conditioned by the cells’ ability to exchange electrons with the electrode and therefore required initial contact with the electrode to be triggered. Apart from these few leads, the approach phase of bacterial cells towards a polarised surface is still very poorly documented.</span></p><p id=\"p0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In contrast,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/eukaryotic-cell\" title=\"Learn more about eukaryotic cells from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">eukaryotic cells</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;have been widely demonstrated to develop sophisticated strategies to sense an electric field and use it to orient their motion</span></span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. This property, called electrotaxis, has been shown to play key roles in essential&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/physiological-process\" title=\"Learn more about physiological processes from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">physiological processes</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;such as tissue development&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">wound healing</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and organ formation</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The multiplicity of evidence of electrotaxis in eukaryotic cells prompted us to look for a possible bacterial electrotaxis-related strategy in the formation of electroactive biofilms.</span></p><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The main purpose of this study was to move forward in identifying and deciphering possible microbial electrotaxis by using a complex multi-species consortium. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">A new type of electrochemical set-up was designed to discriminate the impact of the electric field from that of the polarised electrode. Imposing an electric field through a solution requires electrochemical reactions to occur on the surface of the electrodes. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">It is consequently difficult to discriminate the impact of the electric field from that of the polarised electrode surface in a conventional electrochemical reactor because the electrodes that create the electric field act also as the electron source or sink for the electroactive species that reach them. The new experimental device and procedure described here made it possible to separate the two effects.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">It is thus evidenced here that an electric field enhances the formation of electroactive biofilms on solid surfaces. The electric field affects the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/biofilm-formation\" title=\"Learn more about biofilm formation from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">biofilm formation</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;through indirect action due to the ionic gradient created at the interface. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This analysis leads us to consider the capacity of microbial cells to detect interfacial ionic gradients as a major motor of surface colonization.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The results described here indicate that controlling local ionic gradients may be an efficient way to enhance or mitigate the formation of biofilms on solid surfaces. Obvious applications can be foreseen in all domains of microbial electrochemical technologies.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> Beyond that, and in a more speculative way, considering the ubiquitous presence of endogenous electric fields in living organisms </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and the huge number of interfaces that compose them, the results described here may also open up new research paths in the domains of biomedicine and physiology.</span></li></ul></section><section id=\"sec2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0025\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Materials and methods</b></span></h2><h2 id=\"sectitle0025\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Inoculum and media</span></b></h2><section id=\"sec2.1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The inoculum solution was garden compost leachate prepared by filtering a mix of 1.5&nbsp;​L of garden compost (Lombricompost, Or Brun) and 2.25&nbsp;​L of tap water containing 60&nbsp;​mM KCl through a large-mesh cloth. The synthetic medium was a phosphate buffer solution supplemented or not with 60&nbsp;​mM of KCl. The phosphate buffer solution was obtained by mixing a solution of Na</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">HPO</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">4</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(9.47&nbsp;​g&nbsp;​L</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">-1</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) and a solution of KH</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">PO</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">4</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(9.08&nbsp;​g&nbsp;​L</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">-1</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) with a ratio of respectively 61-39% (v/v) to a final pH of 7.0. When indicated in the protocol, the synthetic medium was supplemented with 20&nbsp;​mM of&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/sodium-acetate\" title=\"Learn more about sodium acetate from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">sodium acetate</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and with 10&nbsp;​mL&nbsp;​L</span></span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">-1</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;of macronutrients solution, 1&nbsp;​mL&nbsp;​L</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">-1</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;of micronutrients solution, and 1&nbsp;​mL&nbsp;​L</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">-1</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;of vitamin solution.</span></p></section><section id=\"sec2.2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0035\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<b>Electrochemical set-up:</b></span></h3><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0050\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The electrochemical reactors were made by assembling three modified Schott glass bottles (diameter 101&nbsp;​mm, height 152&nbsp;​mm, Duran). The central compartment was separated from the two end compartments with a system constituted of a flat&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/gasket\" title=\"Learn more about gasket from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">gasket</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;cut from a rubber foil with an outer diameter of 5&nbsp;​cm and an inner diameter of 2&nbsp;​cm, a membrane with 0.2-μm cut-off threshold (outer diameter 5&nbsp;​cm, Pall SAS France), a carbon cloth electrode (outer diameter 3&nbsp;​cm, PaxiTech SAS France) electrically connected with a platinum wire, and a second rubber gasket identical to the first one. Such a separation system was arranged between the central compartment and each of the two end compartments, with the carbon cloth electrode facing the central compartment. According to the inner diameter of the flat rubber gasket (2&nbsp;​cm), the surface area of the carbon cloth electrodes exposed to the solution was 3.1&nbsp;​cm</span></span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; font-family: Helvetica;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Sealing was achieved by pressing the system with an external frame equipped with four bolts.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-12/9ac3710b-3ef2-44a1-b4a4-417199de178f.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><div><p id=\"p0055\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Two metallic electrodes were electrically connected with a 2-mm-diameter screwed titanium wire. The electric field was established between these two metallic electrodes by applying a voltage of 8&nbsp;​V during 3&nbsp;​h (or 2&nbsp;​h when indicated) between the DSA used as the anode and the SS electrode used as the cathode, which was separated by around 27&nbsp;​cm.</span></p><p id=\"p0060\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">When necessary, a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE, Radiometer, +0.241&nbsp;​V vs SHE) and a platinum grid used as the counter electrode were introduced in the central compartment and each of the two carbon cloth electrodes was individually polarised as a working electrode at -0.20&nbsp;​V/SCE with a multi-channel&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/potentiostat\" title=\"Learn more about potentiostat from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">potentiostat</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(N-stat set-up,&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/biologics\" title=\"Learn more about Biologic from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Biologic</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;SA, France).</span></p></div></div></section></section>','2022-10-17 21:17:47.848652','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Biofilm','Electrotaxis is the property of cells to sense electric fields and use them to orient their displacement. This property has been widely investigated with eukaryotic cells but it remains unclear whether or not bacterial cells can sense an electric field. Here, a specific experimental set-up was designed to form microbial electroactive biofilms while differentiating the effect of the electric field from that of the polarised electrode surface. Application of an electric field during exposure of the electrodes to the inoculum was shown to be required for an electroactive biofilm to form afterwards. Similar biofilms were formed in both directions of the electric field. This result is attributed to the capacity of the cells to detect the K+ and Na+ ion gradients that the electric field creates at the electrode surface. This microbial property should now be considered as a key factor in the formation of electroactive biofilms and possible implications in the biomedical domain are discussed.',6,219,'Science direct'),(21804,'A leap towards decarbonization - Bangladesh’s viewpoint','a-leap-towards-decarbonization-bangladeshs-viewpoint','2023-03-14 07:43:49.877962','<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-0e70d341-7fff-cfdf-3008-af5c2735b1b5\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There has been an increase in the access to electricity over the past two decades in Bangladesh. The reason is because Bangladesh has become dependent on the burning of furnace oil for electricity generation instead of the increase of renewable energy sources. It has been said that there has been a variety of carbon neutral energy sources that can be used in Bangladesh but has not been used to its full potential. Further, if there is a lack of proper strategies then the country\'s emission reduction target would not be met with a falling in the emissions reduction target and a lack in the diversification policy.</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There is an increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases which is contributing to climate change and is affecting human health. Statistics show that “about 70%of the global power investment (USD 530 billion) in 2021 is expected to be invested for renewable energy generation”.&nbsp;</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The energy situation in Bangladesh currently</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Currently, the power sector in Bangladesh is highly dependent on fossil fuels, although coal and natural gas are dominating sources for power generation. Countries in the surrounding region are benefiting from renewable energy prices. Bangladesh has yet to establish its renewable energy potential and energy resources. It is said to believe that coal-fired power plants are running out in the country as the government does not believe in dirty energy due to environmental problems and rising coal import costs. In recent times, renewable energy has made strides. The goal of the Bangladesh government is as follows: “he government of Bangladesh outlined an ambitious goal of generating more than 4100 MW of elec</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;\">tricity from renewable energy sources by 2030.” A clear road map however is needed for the implementation for the renewable power generation target. The solution provided is, “the acceleration of the country\'s clean energy transition and reducing the dependency of fossil fuel could be achieved by bolstering the hydrogen energy and fuel cell research.” The diversification of the energy mix needs funding to develop hydrogen technology which is still reliant on coal and gas. Environmentally friendly hydrogen energy can be a boost source in transitions instead of gas and coal.</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A transition to renewable energy</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The country’s energy efficiency could be progressed with hydrogen technology. The reason being is that it has the ability to be produced by renewable energy sources. In the future hydrogen will join electricity as a key energy carrier. In Bangladesh, an establishment of a research centre and technology-specific policy approaches are crucial for Bangladesh to progress in the energy sector. The different types of energy access in Bangladesh has been analysed by various researchers through an environmental analysis. The researchers discussed having a solar energy park in Bangladesh. The <a href=\"https://www.greenieweb.co/\" target=\"_blank\">study</a> is researched by Kusay Faisal Al-tabatabaie, Md. Biplob Hossain , Md. Kamrul Islam, Md. Rabiul Awual, Abu Reza Md. TowfiqulIslam, Md. Amzad. Hossain, Md. Esraz-Ul-Zannat, and Aminul Islam and shows the importance of energy diversification in relation to decarbonization and through increasing indigenous energy sources. The key energy challenges were discussed in this paper in order to achieve the nation\'s energy generation targets.</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Some of the energy challenges in Bangladesh were as follows:</span></p><ol style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Fuel diversification initiatives</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Present installed capacity and primary energy mix of Bangladesh, which is from fossil fuels.</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The diversification index analysis</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Energy mix concentration index</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Integrated multi-criteria diversification index (IMCDI)</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Relationship between energy diversification and reliability indices</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The decarbonization of the energy sector through advancing technology and increasing the energy efficiency</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Solar energy</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Wind and hydro energy</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Nuclear energy</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Hydrogen energy</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Hydrogen fuel cell</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Energy efficiency and to minimise carbon emissions.</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;The link between economic growth and energy diversification</span></p></li></ol><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The concluding comments in the article</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Non-renewable energy is widely used although it is ultimately damaging the environment. Hence, non-renewable energy must be substituted with renewable energy to make the energy evolve with clean energy. In the near future Bangladesh will have energy consumption issues. It is vital to get an understanding of the energy sources and their efficient energy production. Further, research must be headed in the direction of hydrogen fuel cells so the possible costs and advantages can be analysed. Investing in energy technology is needed to get out of the energy crisis. For example, <a href=\"https://www.greenieweb.co/\" target=\"_blank\">Greenie Web</a>, a climate-tech start-up, has a tool that focuses on digital decarbonization and sustainable digitization. The article also mentions that “to support energy diversification and sustainable energy transitions, policymakers must expand investments in renewable energies and diversify their economies. In addition, policy makers must find a balance between technology and demand-stimulating policies, especially by integrating innovation policies into energy mixes and focusing on technology development in Bangladesh’s energy sector.”</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Personal thoughts</span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br></span></p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Renewable energy is the way to go in solving the energy crisis as well as climate technology and we need to focus on these renewable energy infrastructures and technologies.</span></p><br></span>','2022-10-17 21:54:47.455533','uploads/news/pexels-pixabay-459728_1.jpg',1,'Energy Strategy Reviews','The article discusses the increase in access to electricity in Bangladesh due to the country\'s dependence on burning furnace oil for electricity generation rather than renewable energy sources. The article also highlights the negative impact of non-renewable energy on the environment and emphasizes the need for renewable energy sources to be substituted for non-renewable sources. The article suggests investing in energy technology, such as hydrogen fuel cells, to address the energy crisis in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the importance of policymakers expanding investments in renewable energies and integrating innovation policies into the energy sector to support energy diversification and sustainable energy transitions.',13,87,'<p style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\">Author links open overlay panelKusay Faisal Al-tabatabaie a <i>et al.</i> (2022) <i>Taking strides towards decarbonization: The viewpoint of Bangladesh</i>, <i>Energy Strategy Reviews</i>. Elsevier. Available at: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2211467X22001420?token=188B57A75A26FA3DDB372D18581AB5E86C04AE07E21F6014D4D080E85E5539759976557047785B585E934AD72B208C37&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20230308100647 (Accessed: March 8, 2023).&nbsp;</p><p style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"></p><div></div><p></p><p></p><p style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>Landscape Photography of Factory · free stock photo - PEXELS</i> (no date). Available at: https://www.pexels.com/photo/air-air-pollution-chimney-clouds-459728/ (Accessed: March 8, 2023). </p><div></div><p></p>'),(28020,'The impact of Instagram on young Adult\'s social comparison, colourism and mental health: Indian perspective','the-impact-of-instagram-on-young-adults-social-comparison-colourism-and-mental-health-indian-perspective','2022-11-03 13:24:13.309357','<p><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This research explores persuasive issues such as Social Comparison, Colourism, and Mental Health and their relationship with Instagram is used, for focusing on young adults living in India. Participants (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">N</span></em><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;726) were recruited to fill up a questionnaire, and the self-reported data was used to test our hypothesis there. This study followed a correlational, non-experimental approach to investigate the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/mediation\" title=\"Learn more about mediation from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">mediation</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;models as proposed. Structural Equational Modelling eluded a positive and significant relationship between age and social issues with control variables such as the frequency and time spent on Instagram. Moreover, it was also found that social comparison can lead to colorism and&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/mental-health-issue\" title=\"Learn more about mental health issues from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">mental health issues</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Gender was, however, found to have some insignificant relation with three parameters. Qualitative analysis was also supported to find important implications for all Instagram stakeholders. Discussions were also drawn indicating the need to raise awareness regarding these issues to enjoy social media while safeguarding the user\'s well-being. The paper provides critical key findings delving into the realms of these parameters, and such implications are further discussed to understand its reflection in online spaces.</span></span></span></p><section id=\"sec0001\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><p id=\"para0001\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Social media is an interactive communication technology that eases the creation and sharing of information, ideas, and other forms of expression via&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/virtual-community\" title=\"Learn more about virtual communities from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">virtual communities</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and networks</span></span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Instagram is a free&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/social-networking-online\" title=\"Learn more about social networking from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">social networking</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;platform especially for youngsters, allowing users to upload and share photos/videos through a mobile app. Approximately 3.6 billion internet users are actively using&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/social-networking-site\" title=\"Learn more about social networking sites from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">social networking sites</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and these numbers are still expected to grow as the increase in&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/mobile-device\" title=\"Learn more about mobile device from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">mobile device</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;usage and social networks increasingly gain attraction</span></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Instagram has around1158 a million active users worldwide, with 62.70% of users aged 18–34 years and 120 million active users in India as of October 2020</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Social media sites such as Instagram, Facebook, as well as Twitter have penetrated deeply into the life of young individuals</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. According to research During adolescence, most of them are entirely immersed in the world of social media, which represents a sharp risk for the onset of mental illness, with nearly one in five adolescents suffering from diagnosable mental health concerns, such as depression and suicide</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Filters and other augmented-reality tools allow you to shape-shift your faces more than ever and make you rethink your natural appearance. Artificial beautification due to filters significantly reduces an individual\'s self-confidence in their natural appearance and color as they tend to believe they will look ugly or less beautiful without the use of filters; this fear forces them to apply filters to be socially accepted.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-03/ffa514be-4523-4379-8a7d-651c701749ce.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p id=\"para0002\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Social comparison refers to individuals evaluating their appearance by comparing themselves with the thin sociocultural ideals of beauty presented in the media; almost always, this will constitute an upward comparison by which individuals fall short, resulting in dissatisfaction with their own body and appearance. Furthermore, individuals who already have&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/mental-health-issue\" title=\"Learn more about mental health issues from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">mental health issues</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#2e2e2e\">&nbsp;or are anxious or uncertain about their body image are more likely to be affected by social comparison, resulting in further body dissatisfaction</font></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#2e2e2e\">. The drive for self-evaluation causes people to seek out acceptance and comparisons with others who are similar rather than dissimilar. The primary source of comparison targets is peers rather than models or celebrities featured on social media</font></span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Individuals who use social media often may compare themselves to others to assess their opinions and abilities. It is predicted that social comparison and envy lead to depression</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It is revealed that self-comparison on social media can have dire effects on physical and mental health as they give an individual the ability to seek approval and compare themselves</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Thin-ideal media images presented in magazines or television indicate adverse effects of exposure to body dissatisfaction and&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/disordered-eating\" title=\"Learn more about disordered eating from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">disordered eating</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;of adolescent and young adult women. A large number of likes/comments/follow led to reduced facial dissatisfaction for both thin-ideal and average images</span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">). The number of followers, likes, and comments plays a significant role in social acceptance; if an individual has a smaller number of followers, likes, and comments, it is more likely that the individual will think that their peers do not socially accept them and they will look for acceptance leading to social comparison and it will cause mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Individuals often tend to copy or replicate influencers and celebrities to follow the trend for social acceptance.</span></p><p id=\"para0003\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Physical appearance is an important aspect of personal identity and its relation to oneself begins with the beginning of life. </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Compared to other social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, Instagram focuses on photos and videos and less text. Instagram\'s visual, photo-focused status encourages users to view and comment on other users\' photos who display them on their profiles leading to social acceptance. </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.&nbsp; A person\'s appearance can play an essential role in how other users view, like, and comment on these images. Physical discomfort is related to negative thoughts about a person. It includes feelings of inadequacy among the individuals. It has been an essential factor in promoting cosmetic surgery between women and men.</span></p><p id=\"para0004\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">People with darker tones tend to be more influenced or pressured by new standards of beauty that are equated with the right skin tone. Ironically, many light-skinned and dark-skinned people who are trying hard to seduce them, want to get the wrong skin tone and tend to spend money and time on sunscreen studios and beaches</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Dark-toned individuals tend to be more influenced or pressured by the new standards of beauty equated with fair skin tone. The irony is that many fair-skinned individuals whom the dark-skinned are trying hard to ape, want to get a dusky skin tone, they tend to spend money and time at tanning studios and beaches to get tanned </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">). Fortunately, because of the climate and the environment, the Indians have a healthy and beautiful dusky complexion with golden skin, but most Indians do not understand this and follow the trend of justice. Filters are used to look good in images which leads to low self-esteem. It is estimated that 61% of reported abuse is personal appearance.</span></p><p id=\"para0005\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">While becoming inextricable to our daily lives, social media are blamed for increasing&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/mental-health-problem\" title=\"Learn more about mental health problems from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">mental health problems</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;in younger people. The World Health Organization reported that 10–20% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental health problems. It is estimated that 50% of all mental disorders are established by the age of 14 and 75% by 18. The most common disorders in children and adolescents are&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/generalized-anxiety-disorder\" title=\"Learn more about generalized anxiety disorder from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">generalized anxiety disorder</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and depression</span></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The commonness of anxiety and depression has increased by 70% in the past 25 years in young people. the impact of social media on adolescents’ well-being has become a priority due to a simultaneous increase in mental health problems. Social media could be regarded as a \'double-edged sword. Studies show the benefits of enabling people to express their thoughts and feelings and to receive social support</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. According to the report published by the American Academy of Paediatrics, social media enable adolescent users to strengthen bonds with existing friends and to form new friendships online, which reduces&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/social-alienation\" title=\"Learn more about social isolation from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">social isolation</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and loneliness and indirectly improves mental health</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It is believed that individuals with low social support are more likely to suffer from mental health problems (e.g. depression, anxiety, and psychological distress) compared to those with high social support from family, friends, and neighbors</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.&nbsp; In most countries, it is estimated that most individuals in need of mental health services do not receive any treatment. With a wide range of the population actively using social media, there are numerous opportunities to use popular social media to improve the treatment, care, and services available to people living with mental illness</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Instagram bullying is a significant issue where individuals post malicious or embarrassing photographs, write insulting captions, post hateful comments, use mean hashtags, create fake accounts/profiles, and most private and&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/sensitive-informations\" title=\"Learn more about sensitive information from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">sensitive information</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;publicly</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. These types of bullying hurt the brain leading to severe mental health issues.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-03/e445768d-91ee-44b9-8dc0-78a51503c944.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p id=\"para0006\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In this paper, we present and discuss the results of a survey conducted to identify the psychological impact of Instagram on young adults for factors such as social comparison, colorism, and mental health. The main objectives of our research study were:</span></p><dl class=\"list\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">•</span></dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0007\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">To determine whether Instagram usage influences these factors on young adults.</span></p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">•</span></dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0008\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#2e2e2e\">To determine whether gender plays a significant role in influencing factors such as social comparison, colorism, and mental health, based on recorded responses</font></span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></font></p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">•</span></dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0009\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">To find the correlation between colorism, mental health, and social comparison.</span></p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">•</span></dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0010\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Provide meaningful information/suggestions highlighting further improvements that can be achieved based on the recorded response.</span></p></dd></dl><p style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46);\"></p><p id=\"para0011\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Based on the tests performed, we found a significant co-relationship between the impact of social comparison, colorism, and mental health. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and ANOVA tests were performed to identify the quantitative behavior and relationships between Instagram and three factors, social comparison, colorism, and mental health. SEM is preferred because it estimates the multiple and interrelated dependence in a single analysis. Furthermore, Cluster Density View for Statistical Analysis was constructed to understand the qualitative behavior. Qualitative analysis is prone to uncertainty and biasness when compared to traditional empirical analysis; we can still utilize these findings to understand our statistical findings further and complement them.</span></p><p id=\"para0012\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The use of social media during the pandemic has increased considerably</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. There have been many research studies published focusing on the mental health issues that arise in society. Use of social media, Loneliness is the significant reasons. With the changing generation and needs, our research study is best suited for the case and provides insightful implications based on the results obtained.</span></p><p id=\"para0013\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The structure of the paper is as follows - Section 2 provides the related work for our research study. Section 3 describes the detailed methodology and research design. Section 4 demonstrates the results and analysis. Section 5 discusses the research study.</span></p></section><p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"></span></span></p><section id=\"sec0002\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"cesectitle0004\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Related work is:</b></span></h2><p id=\"para0014\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This section gives a brief and detailed study of Social Comparison, Colourism, and Mental health factors and their effect on social media in general. To better understand and have a clear objective, the literature section is divided into three separate subsections viz. Social Comparison and social media, Colourism and social media, and then finally Mental Health and social media. The search criteria of the literature are given in section 2.1.</span></p></section>','2022-10-17 22:23:31.445860','uploads/news/th_2.jpeg',1,'International Journal of Information Management Data Insights','This research explores persuasive issues such as Social Comparison, Colourism, and Mental Health and their relationship with Instagram is used, for focusing on young adults living in India. Participants (N = 726) were recruited to fill up a questionnaire, and the self-reported data was used to test our hypothesis there. This study followed a correlational, non-experimental approach to investigate the mediation models as proposed. Structural Equational Modelling eluded a positive and significant relationship between age and social issues with control variables such as the frequency and time spent on Instagram',6,168,'Science direct'),(28937,'A smartphone application of “Family Connections” to increase the use of skills and improve psychological symptoms in relatives of people with borderline personality disorder: A study protocol for a ra','a-smartphone-application-of-family-connections-to-increase-the-use-of-skills-and-improve-psychological-symptoms-in-relatives-of-people-with-borderline-personality-disorder-a-study-protocol-for-a-ra','2022-11-04 13:57:25.860923','<p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Fira Sans&quot;, &quot;Droid Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The literature is to reveal that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an important public mental health problem that affects both patients and their families.&nbsp; Studies indicate a high prevalence of psychological symptoms and burden in relatives of people with BPD. That\'s why it is necessary to develop useful and accessible interventions specifically addressed to the caregivers. Smartphone interventions with the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI) offer several potential advantages in this regard. This study is used to aims to test the effectiveness of a combined intervention supported by a smartphone app versus the same intervention supported by a paper-based manual, studying the feasibility and acceptance of both conditions and evaluating the perceptions and opinions of families about both interventions. </span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Fira Sans&quot;, &quot;Droid Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This research contains the study protocol.</span><strong class=\"sub-title\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The design of this study protocol is a randomized controlled trial. A minimum of 116 relatives will be randomly assigned to two conditions: Treatment as usual (TAU) (</span><i style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">N</span></i><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;= 58) or Treatment as usual + EMI (TAU+EMI) (N = 58), with TAU being the Family Connection program. The primary outcome will be a Burden Assessment Scale. Secondary outcomes will include psychological symptoms, mastery and empowerment, and resilience. Outcomes will be assessed from pre-treatment to post-treatment (3 months). Statistical analyses will be performed using Student\'s&nbsp;</span><i style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">t</span></i><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">-tests, mixed models (ANCOVA), and intention-to-treat analysis.&nbsp;</span></p><p id=\"p0030\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;The experimental condition will result in significant reductions in psychological symptoms and burden and significant improvements in family functioning and quality of life, and (b) the experimental condition will be significantly more accepted by the relatives due to its interactivity, its many more dynamic and updated contents, and the alert reminders that make it easier to re</span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">member to use it</span>.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-04/cdb00846-d2ca-4a20-a0af-68d3431a3c89.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><h4 id=\"st0070\" class=\"u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Smartphone application:</span></b></h4><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Family members in the experimental group of this study will receive an ecological momentary intervention (EMI) derived from an&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ecological-momentary-assessment\" title=\"Learn more about ecological momentary assessment from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ecological momentary assessment</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(EMA) via the Family Connections smartphone app. </span></span></span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This app is to be used in real-time in a naturalistic setting and with multiple repeated measures (illness burden, global family functioning, depression, anxiety, stress, validation, emotional regulation, and quality of life).</span></span></span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> The EMIs are linked to the EMAs because the application of the techniques depends on the cut-off point for each variable, which is decided by experts, and the software instructs the participant to perform one skill or another through alerts. </span></span></span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The users will receive notifications twice a day reminding them to use the app. The notifications are programmed to occur twice a day, seven days a week, for three months. Moreover, the users can log in at any time to answer the EMAs, thus allowing the family member to perform the skill at the exact moment when the problem occurs in their environment.</span></span></span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> All the assessment measures and data on whether or not they performed the skill will be recorded by an automatic alert at the end of the day, and adherence to the intervention will be monitored. In addition, in the mobile application, the family members have a virtual “Library” where they can visualize the material available for each skill without the need for an alert and, thus, apply the technique at the desired moment.</span></span></span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> The FC application will be available for free download from the Google Play store. For the time being, it will be available for&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/android\" title=\"Learn more about Android from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Android</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;devices (version 2.3 or higher), and, hopefully, we will be able to develop it for iOS in the future. However, Android is the most widely used operating system in Spain by more than 90% of the population</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and 85% in Europe</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Before downloading the app, a brief description will be available that includes the name and contact details of the principal investigator, the purpose of the app, and a statement guaranteeing the confidentiality of the data. Therapists and study investigators will receive specific training in the use of technologies and mobile applications.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-04/6ed4e8d8-493a-4b8f-b4f8-a81323fa214e.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></li></ul><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Fira Sans&quot;, &quot;Droid Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"sub-title\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Conclusion:</span></span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Fira Sans&quot;, &quot;Droid Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span class=\"sub-title\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The results of this study will provide a basis for future EMA- and EMI-based application interventions for family members of people with BPD and family members of people with other mental disorders who could benefit from the skills taught.&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-17 22:27:28.940436','uploads/news/family.jpg',1,'Internet Interventions','The literature reveals that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an important public mental health problem that affects both the patients and their families. Moreover, studies indicate a high prevalence of psychological symptoms and burden in relatives of people with BPD. Therefore, it is necessary to develop useful and accessible interventions specifically addressed to the caregivers. Smartphone interventions with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI) offer several potential advantages in this regard.',6,168,'Science direct');
INSERT INTO `news_news` VALUES (29927,'The relationship between active and passive Facebook use, Facebook flow, depression symptoms and Facebook Addiction: A three-month investigation','the-relationship-between-active-and-passive-facebook-use-facebook-flow-depression-symptoms-and-facebook-addiction-a-three-month-investigation','2022-11-15 14:45:46.980428','<section id=\"sec0001\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0011\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Use of the social networking site (SNS) Facebook often serves as a possibility to escape from daily stress, improve mood, and find relief</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Previous research described two forms of Facebook use: passive and active use</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Passive use indicates the monitoring of activities of other Facebook members without engaging in direct interaction with them and without the presence of one\'s information (for example, browsing the news feed, viewing pictures, and status updates posted by others).</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Active use is targeted at direct social interaction with other Facebook members and the presentation of one\'s information via writing private messages, setting “Likes”, and posting written status updates, pictures, and public comments</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0012\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In the longer-term, passive Facebook use can lead to upward social comparisons that result in feelings of envy and dissatisfaction because other members are judged to be happier than themselves</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In contrast, active Facebook use can contribute to the experience of social support and positive emotions.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Furthermore, active Facebook use is positively linked to the experience of “flow” </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;– an intensive form of enjoyment and happiness linked to total involvement in the task performed</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The experience of “flow” can contribute to further intensive intrusion into the Facebook world.</span></p><p id=\"para0013\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">However, the intensity of Facebook use and Facebook “flow” were assumed to foster the development of an emotional bond to the platform that is linked to an addictive need to stay permanently online. This phenomenon has been termed Facebook Addiction (FA) and was assessed as behavioral addiction</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;defined by six core characteristics/symptoms of behavioral addiction that are salience (permanent thinking of the behavior of concern), tolerance (enhanced amount of time on the behavior of concern is required to achieve former effects), mood modification (intensive engagement in the behavior of concern for mood improvement), relapse (reverting to earlier behavioral pattern after ineffective attempts to reduce the behavior of concern), withdrawal symptoms (psychological and/or physiological uneasiness without the behavior of concern), and conflict (interpersonal problems caused by intensive engagement in the behavior of concern). All characteristics should be present to define a behavioral addiction. This issue differs from a behavioral addiction to a very intensive or excessive behavior that might have addictive elements but is not an addiction</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Based on the concept of behavioral addictions Griffiths&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">defined FA by six typical characteristics (i.e., salience, tolerance, mood modification, relapse, withdrawal symptoms, and conflict). Notably, FA is not recognized as a formal psychiatric disorder in the diagnostic and statistical annual of mental disorders&nbsp;</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">or the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/international-classification-of-diseases\" title=\"Learn more about international classification of diseases from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">international classification of diseases</span></a></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Moreover, the existence of behavioral addictions – especially those linked to online activity – is a critically discussed topic. Some researchers emphasized that intensive online activity should not be over-pathologized</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, it is important to consider that FA is positively associated with daily stress and anxiety symptoms</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A longitudinal study reported its positive relationship with insomnia up to six weeks later.</span></p><p id=\"para0013\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-15/8fe24de2-367c-4ebd-95df-d298bc555512.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><p id=\"para0014\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Persons with increased depression symptoms were assumed to be at enhanced risk for high levels of FA</span><font color=\"#2e2e2e\" face=\"Helvetica\">. They often use intensive Facebook to improve their mood and forget their overwhelming problems offline. However, this can, on the one hand, contribute to an emotional bond to the SNS that might result in the development of addictive symptoms. On the other hand, intensive online activity can contribute to further interpersonal conflicts at home and work due to the negligence of obligations that might evoke stress symptoms and result in further escape into the online world as a dysfunctional coping strategy.</font></p><p id=\"para0015\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;emphasized that addiction always results from a complex interplay of various individual and environmental factors and mechanisms. Against this background and considering the high popularity of Facebook that currently has more than 1.91 billion daily users and</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;the negative association of FA with well-being</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, it is highly desirable to understand the mechanisms that can underly its development. Therefore, the present study aimed to extend the available knowledge on potential predictors of FA that is mostly based on cross-sectional results&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">by longitudinal findings (i.e., two measurement time points (T1 and T2) with a time interval of three months). Based on previous results, we expected FA (T2) to be positively linked to Facebook flow (T1) (Hypothesis 1a) and depression symptoms (T1) (Hypothesis 1b). Active Facebook use is typically accompanied by positive feedback that fosters further Facebook consumption</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and thus might increase one\'s vulnerability for FA. Therefore, we assumed active Facebook use (T1) to be positively related to FA (T2) (Hypothesis 1c).&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">reported active disclosure of personal information on Facebook to be positively linked to Facebook flow.&nbsp;</span><font color=\"#2e2e2e\" face=\"Helvetica\">&nbsp;Brailovskaia et al. (2018) assumed Facebook flow to be an antecedent of FA in a cross-sectional study&nbsp;</font><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">assumed Facebook flow was an antecedent of FA. Thus, we hypothesized that Facebook flow (T1) positively mediates the association between active Facebook use (T1) and FA (T2) (Hypothesis 2).</span></p><p id=\"para0016\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">So far, only a little research investigated the association between passive Facebook use and FA. Available studies revealed inconsistent findings. While some research reported a positive relationship between passive Facebook use and FA</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, there was no significant link between both variables in another investigation</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Thus, on the one hand, it could be speculated that observation of for example amusing photos uploaded by other users contributes to mood enhancement that leads to further Facebook consumption and the development of FA. On the other hand, previous research reported passive observation of others’ activities on Facebook to evoke feelings of envy and dissatisfaction</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The negative experiences might reduce Facebook use intensity which could explain the non-significant association between passive use and FA. Considering that both scenarios are possible and to avoid speculations, two research questions were formulated:</span></p><p id=\"para0017\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>How is passive Facebook use (T1) related to FA (T2)? (Research Question 1)</b></span></p><p id=\"para0017\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Does Facebook flow (T1) mediate the relationship between passive Facebook use (T1) and FA (T2)? (Research Question 2)</span></p></section><section id=\"sec0002\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"cesectitle0010\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;Methods:</b></span></h2><h2 id=\"cesectitle0010\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>procedure is...</b></span></h2><section id=\"sec0003\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Participants were recruited through flyers displayed on social media, public places, and universities in Germany. The requirement for participation that was voluntary and not compensated was a current Facebook membership and the agreement to participate in both online surveys. The 138 participants who completed the first survey (= T1), were contacted by e-mail three months later to complete the second survey (= T2). In total, 127 persons completed both surveys (78.7% women; T1:&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">M</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">age</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">SD</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">age</span></em><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) = 25.10 (7.03), range: 18–58; occupation: 78.7% students, 21.3% employees; marital status: 35.4% single, 52.8% in a relationship, 11.8% married). The responsible Ethics Committee approved the implementation of the current study. All subjects were informed about the study and gave&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/informed-consent\" title=\"Learn more about informed consent from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">informed consent</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;to participate via an online form. All variables were assessed at both measurement time points (exception: FA, only T2).</span></span></p><p id=\"para0019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></span></p><h2 id=\"cesectitle0014\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Results:</span></b></h2><p id=\"para0019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"></span></p><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"para0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Furthermore, the correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between active Facebook use (T1 and T2) and passive Facebook use (T1 and T2) (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.01). Both forms of use (T1 and T2) were significantly positively correlated with the Facebook flow (T1 and T2) (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.01). Depression symptoms (T1) were significantly positively correlated with the Facebook flow (T2) (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.05). The below figure shows</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;presents the results of the bootstrapped mediation analysis. Facebook flow (T1) significantly positively mediated the relationship between active Facebook use (T1) and FA (T2). The basic relationship between active Facebook use (T1) and FA (T2) was significant (total effect,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">c: p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001). After the inclusion of Facebook flow (T1) in the model, the link between both variables was no longer significant (direct effect,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ca: p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;.063). The association between active Facebook use (T1) and Facebook flow (T1) (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">a: p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001), and the relationship between Facebook flow (T1) and FA (T2) (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">b: p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001) were significant, as well as the indirect effect (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ab</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">),&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">b</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;.16, SE&nbsp;=&nbsp;.06, 95% CI [.06, .28].</span></p><p id=\"para0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-15/a1e5c25d-04ac-47e2-bdd7-8b62b96fa1e0.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><p id=\"para0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The check test revealed that active Facebook use (T1) did not mediate the association between Facebook flow (T1) and FA (T2). The total effect was significant (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">c: b</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;.18, SE&nbsp;=&nbsp;.04, 95% CI [.11, .25],&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001). After the inclusion of the mediator in the model, the direct effect remained significant (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ca: b</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;.15, SE&nbsp;=&nbsp;.04, 95% CI [.07, .23], (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">p</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;.001). The indirect effect (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ab</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">) was not significant (</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">b</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;=&nbsp;.03, SE&nbsp;=&nbsp;.02, 95% CI [−.01, .08].</span><br></p></div></section></section>','2022-10-17 22:31:51.069059','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Journal of Affective Disorders Reports','The present study investigated the link of active and passive Facebook use, Facebook flow and depression symptoms with Facebook Addiction (FA).',6,4,'science direct'),(38187,'The integration of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) practices for a progressive world','the-integration-of-environmental-social-and-corporate-governance-esg-practices-for-a-progressive-world','2023-03-15 13:08:08.692688','<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-8abaa252-7fff-f3c0-e94b-11d0fbd8b292\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Environmental degradation occurs when the environment is not being treated as it should, which is mostly through anthropogenic activities. Abiding by environmental protection and the natural usage, disposability of waste is important for natural flourishment and projecting human health which leads to preventing pathogen evolution. Further, this leads to abiding by One Health protocols. In broader scales it is known that academia and government regulatory bodies should consider a holistic approach to solve complex problems. There is a suggestion that One Health and ESG must join according to </span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><a href=\"https://oia.osu.edu/media/qavirgyi/one-health-connecting-environmental-social-and-corporate-governance-esg-practices-for-a-better-world_2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Celso Jos´e Bruno de Oliveira&nbsp; , Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes</a>.</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About One Health</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">One Health is&nbsp; a multisectoral, transdisciplinary and integrated approach that assists in solving public health issues that are harming our civilization. One health has also been recognized by the World Health Organisation for tackling human health issues with complex solutions that are put forward. One health has also been recognised by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and Food and Agriculture Association (FAO).In complex situations these pressing issues are so hidden that variants and pathogens are not even known about as with the Covid-19 pandemic. Animal and human health gets chronic when agents have a well understood epidemiology in place with mechanisms with prevention and control. These diseases remain a burden as there is a gap in leadership and key communication which is essential in combating and preventing these diseases.</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The practices of Environmental Social and Governance (ESG)</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The term Environmental, Social and Governance is an integrated concept of social and environmental aspects to view the impact of the business in these aspects. ESG also incorporates all stakeholders and views the sustainability risks in a company in accordance with transparency in governance, assessments and identification. The concept of ESG is not new, believe it or not this concept goes all the way back to the 1960s. The term has progressed from the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) where businesses are managed in an ethical and sustainable manner. The ESG framework emerged from a stakeholder theory, which is through the involvement of stakeholders in ESG practices in order to build sustainable wealth. Currently, the ESG framework is a concept that is broad and dynamic and embeds corporate, social responsibility principles and includes activities regarding corporate governance. Therefore, ESG aims to create a positive environment around social and environmental aspects.&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The current ESG practices such as ESG 1.0 do not have quantifiable methods. In quantifying methods it could lead to attracting investors and consumers into a company. Yet, this remains a challenge amongst companies. The urgency of issues around climate change, the food security crisis, and water scarcity have triggered investments to flourish worldwide. Statistics shows that “this is an encouraging trend, with ESG assets predicted to reach $30 trillion USD by 2030. Therefore, more than ever before, investors need to ensure that ESG practices are implemented effectively and quantitatively show how they contribute to improving our world.”</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Financial markets are abiding by the ESG criteria through investment decisions which are surrounded by the term sustainability. Further, technology helps identify ESG related initiatives in providing ways to improve the environment and feeding into the Sustainable Development Goals in progressing and assisting societal needs whilst the financial growth of a company rises. To better understand an investor\'s financial decisions there are ESG investment models in place. Presently, there is a shift towards ESG 2.0 practices which are improved with regulatory policies and a shift in the leadership structures in a company. It has been noted that with the adoption of ESG practices, a company\'s corporate financial performance (CFP) will not be affected but rather increased.&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The joint of ESG and One Health </span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Governments need to sit with policies and review them and follow <a href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/one-health\" target=\"_blank\">One Health </a>principles. Further there are One Health pillars which involve plants, animals, and humans. Governments need to adhere to these pillars to improve the health systems in a holistic manner. These are the reasons why One Health and ESG practices should be joined. Findings show, ”while ESG practices are generally disseminated vertically through the supply-chain (companies demand suppliers to meet ESG criteria for products and services), it is the horizontal initiatives (ie., company company, company-government, company-academia) in which ESG practices are aligned to address maximize impact.”&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">One Health has the following perspective:</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">“The unique capabilities of industry groups to execute ESG initiatives should be leveraged to maximize response to threats. Considering the enormous capacity of individual companies and their rapid communication ability, the private sector will be critical to integrated and properly communicated ESG practices, with the potential to generate a novel model to tackle and solve societal burdens and, most critically, save lives and improve livelihood at reduced costs in a timely manner.”</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Private partners should also join One Health</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">One health can prevent pandemics, save lives and prevent the loss of money during these pandemics. During the Covid-19 pandemic the following has been noted: “the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic is known to surpass $9 trillion (World Economic Forum, 2022). Effective engagement and investment of ESG by industry groups prior to the onset of this pandemic could have minimised the financial damage and indeed saved a large number of lives.” It is believed that One Health must be fit amongst ESG 2.0 leaders. The vision of One health is the following: “One Health implementation does not imply that the public sector abdicate its role in public health, but rather emphasises that public health regulatory and research sectors of government complement with industry ESG.”</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A personal perspective</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Health is Wealth and everyone needs a healthy environment to be productive. For example, when the covid-19 pandemic had an outbreak - businesses, firms and companies lost a lot of income and if ESG is joined with One Health then the environmental and societal health needs would be improved. Let\'s see if the ESG 2.0 leaders adopt One Health.</span></p><br></span>','2022-10-17 23:10:12.237116','uploads/news/pexels-nothing-ahead-4715519.jpg',1,'One Health','Environmental degradation occurs when the environment is not being treated as it should, which is mostly through anthropogenic activities. Abiding by environmental protection and the natural usage, disposability of waste is important for natural flourishment and projecting human health which leads to preventing pathogen evolution. Further, this leads to abiding by One Health protocols. In broader scales it is known that academia and government regulatory bodies should consider a holistic approach to solve complex problems. One health can prevent pandemics, save lives and prevent the loss of money during these pandemics. During the Covid-19 pandemic the following has been noted: “the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic is known to surpass $9 trillion (World Economic Forum, 2022). Effective engagement and investment of ESG by industry groups prior to the onset of this pandemic could have minimised the financial damage and indeed saved a large number of lives.” It is believed that One Health must be fit amongst ESG 2.0 leaders. The vision of One Health is the following: “One Health implementation does not imply that the public sector abdicate its role in public health, but rather emphasises that public health regulatory and research sectors of government complement with industry ESG.”',13,196,'<ul><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Globe with colorful map placed on grass in Park - Pexels</i> (no date). Available at: https://www.pexels.com/photo/globe-with-colorful-map-placed-on-grass-in-park-4715519/ (Accessed: March 15, 2023).&nbsp;</li><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i style=\"text-indent: -1cm;\">One health: Connecting environmental, social and corporate governance ...</i><span style=\"text-indent: -1cm;\"> (no date). Available at: https://oia.osu.edu/media/qavirgyi/one-health-connecting-environmental-social-and-corporate-governance-esg-practices-for-a-better-world_2022.pdf (Accessed: March 15, 2023).</span><div></div></li></ul><div></div><p></p>'),(41019,'Teachers’ experiences of using game-based learning methods in project management higher education','teachers-experiences-of-using-game-based-learning-methods-in-project-management-higher-education','2022-11-03 13:25:13.168574','<p><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The benefits and some challenges of using game-based learning (GBL) methods in project management higher education have not been widely investigated. This research employs qualitative methods and builds on in-depth interview data from 22 experienced university teachers with a project management teaching background. It shows us that teachers perceive beneficial consequences for students from gaming, such as increased interest and knowledge acquisition with a memorable learning experience. Teachers\' inspirations and motivations both have been boosted by a novel method to motivate and engage students. The challenges of GBL for students manifest as increased cognitive load and stress. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of GBL methods while identifying some challenges and disadvantages, which are not as widely discussed as the benefits. The research identifies experiences from project management teachers\' perspectives, covering both learners\' and instructors’ viewpoints. Findings may help teachers to decide whether GBL could be used in their courses.</span></p><p id=\"p0035\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The degree of “objectification” in Western economies in all economic sectors indicates that approximately one-third of all economic activities are project-based</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A highly skilled workforce is needed to deal with project management challenges for the success of project-based organizations. Future project managers also need to be ready to adapt to, face, and take control of project leadership responsibilities. Therefore, higher education institutes need to provide educational programs that train and equip new professionals with relevant discipline-based and generic skills.</span></p><p id=\"p0040\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Modern project management requires some skills for dealing with complexity and uncertainty together with constantly changing organizations and technologies.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Researchers have proposed that already education should prepare project managers with a more practical approach to project complexity and skills development instead of theory</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Using game concepts like GBL and simulations as teaching methods in project management education provides students with an opportunity to apply and practice their knowledge in simulative setups.</span></p><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">There are several papers and research results on using serious games, educational games, and game-based learning in various fields as learning solutions or methods, but teaching project management skills and phenomena with games has not been widely studied. The potential benefits of GBL are well understood, but less research exists on examining the challenges, disadvantages, and barriers to applying it. This research paper is written to analyze and understand the perceived benefits and drawbacks of using GBL methods in teaching and learning project management. Incorporating educational games into course designs is not an easy task. This article introduces typical challenges that teachers have faced.</span></p><p id=\"p0050\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;The fact that there is room to elaborate on and contribute to research on utilizing GBL methods in the project management education context, we formulated the following research questions:</b></span></p><dl class=\"list\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">•</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0055\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\">What are the benefits and challenges for students applying GBL methods in project management education?</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">•</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0060\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\">What are the benefits and challenges for teachers of applying GBL methods in project management education?</p></dd></dl><p></p><p id=\"p0065\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">All research data were collected during semi-structured interviews with 22 experienced project management higher education teachers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. This article illuminates perceptions, opinions, and experiences of GBL methods among both students and teachers.</span></p><p id=\"p0065\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Game-based learning and their experiences:</b></span></p><p id=\"p0070\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Gamification an educational method means incorporating game elements, such as points, badges, levels, roles, and leaderboards, into teaching to engage students with content, motivate action, and influence behavior to promote learning</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. GBL differs from gamification both because it includes an actual game that creates the learning experience and teaches knowledge and skills</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Throughout this, the term “game” is used to refer to either an analog game or a digital game that can be played on a computer or mobile device platform in educational situations. Games designed for learning purposes are called serious games, educational games, or simulation games in the literature, but we do not make a distinction between them in this study.</span></p><p id=\"p0075\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The following sections discuss findings of GBL experiences from extant research. Since there is a limited number of studies with a project management focus, the benefits and challenges of GBL are discussed on a generic level:</span></p><h3 id=\"sectitle0035\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Benefits and some challenges for students are:</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0080\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Cognitive learning theories suggest that play-like activities foster deep learning because learners want to spend effort and time on assignments that they feel are interesting and motivating</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Student engagement is commonly believed to affect learning and motivation. Engagement is defined as the “heightened, simultaneous experience of concentration, interest, and enjoyment in the task at hand”</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Games are claimed to facilitate some learning engagement on the cognitive, affective and sociocultural levels, unlike other media providing a playful learning experience</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-02/393bb523-cddd-49e0-ac8a-5ffb28a6d89d.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p id=\"p0085\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In existing systematic literature review papers, the benefits of gaming in the education context are relatively aligned, and similar findings are report</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">ed. Collaborative play, competition, and role-play have been identified in several studies as gameplay elements that engage students cognitively and emotionally. The most significant benefits in the higher education context are improved student attitudes, engagement, and performance</span>&nbsp;</p><p id=\"p0090\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">A positive impact of GBL on students\' activation, motivation, and emotional behavior has been repeatedly observed. Challenges posed by games may promote student engagement and learning because working at the limits of one\'s abilities and skills causes continued interest and feelings of immersion. In addition, leadership skills such as motivation, facilitation, coaching, mindset changing, and communication can be developed with GBL</span>.</p><p id=\"p0105\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">These are also known interrelated disadvantages of game-based learning for both learners and instructors. Challenges for teachers usually cause negative consequences for students. For students, game-based learning may be time-consuming, and game session durations can be difficult to predict</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In addition, competition, visibility, and comparison of game results can be uncomfortable for some students. Students may regard gamified classes as demanding and may prefer more traditional learning methods</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. For learners, incomplete technical implementation of GBL practices or disconnection from learning objectives might cause feelings of frustration. However, in addition to generating positive affective states like delight and excitement, reasonable amounts of confusion and frustration in GBL sessions may promote learning. Positive stress may increase motivation and willingness to succeed</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><section id=\"sec2.2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0040\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Benefits and some challenges for teachers are:</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0110\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The benefits for students mentioned in section 2.1&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">can also be considered directly as benefits for teachers. Engaging students with an interest in learning with a method that teaches the necessary skills is the foundation for successful education. The possibility of connecting the game context to learning topics in a safe environment to practice skills and visualize processes may contribute to learning</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Furthermore, games’ ability to simulate real-life settings and act as a “sandbox” for practicing needed skills may foster learning. A freedom to fail without fear of severe consequences can be provided in a GBL environment</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-02/4b2d7f8e-5791-4f06-8e3c-bd6dc3acf055.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p id=\"p0115\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;They have identified drivers such as teachers\' assumptions of positive effects on students\' interest and motivation with the entertaining nature of gamification and its contribution to interactive learning by trial and error. Identified challenges or even barriers are the lack of resources to prepare GBL classes, students\' potential resistance towards the method, and a lack of knowledge regarding the suitability of the method to teach the subject.</span></p><p id=\"p0120\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Successful design </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and implementation of GBL practices require that they are well integrated into the subject matter taught. Teachers need GBL-specific skills, such as technical competence and gaming literacy, in addition to subject matter expertise and pedagogical skills. Teachers may consider deploying and using games labor-intensive and therefore burdening on top of other tasks</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In addition to pedagogical suitability and learning game mechanics, the technical reliability of games has been considered a challenge</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.&nbsp;</span></p><p id=\"p0125\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Insufficient time was mentioned most often as a factor hindering the utilization of GBL practices in teaching. Despite the barriers and challenges with GBL as a method, it can also be seen as an opportunity to engage and empower teachers, giving them a feeling of ownership of teaching and providing new learning experiences for them as well</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Sufficient training and resources for teachers to apply GBL successfully, both pedagogically and practically, are needed</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p></section><section id=\"sec2.3\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0045\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>2.3.&nbsp;Summary of findings in the literature</b></span></h3><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0130\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Hence it is, summarizes the theoretical background</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;to help illuminate the current knowledge and analyze the findings of this study. Benefits for students learning and engagement profit teachers. Problems with teaching, learning, or engagement are mutual disadvantages compromising learning outcomes. Despite the strong connection between learners\' and instructors’ experiences, columns “for student” and “for teacher” in the table depict who is mainly affected by the mentioned benefit or challenge.</span></p></div></section>','2022-10-18 13:16:46.749383','uploads/news/th_ybKeGs3.jpeg',1,'Project Leadership and Society','The benefits and challenges of using game-based learning (GBL) methods in project management higher education have not been widely investigated. This study employs qualitative methods and builds on in-depth interview data from 22 experienced university teachers with a project management teaching background. It shows that teachers perceive beneficial consequences for students from gaming, such as increased interest and knowledge acquisition with a memorable learning experience',6,168,'Science direct'),(41196,'Access to online patient portals among individuals with depression and anxiety','access-to-online-patient-portals-among-individuals-with-depression-and-anxiety','2022-11-16 13:42:37.206267','<section id=\"sec1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0025\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">There has been rapid growth and diffusion of patient portal access in the United States (U.S.) over the last decade. </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Approximately thirty-two percent (32%) of patients had access to their medical records through online portals in 2018, up from 25.6% in 2014 and 30.5% in 2017</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Patient portals, a type of&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/electronic-patient-record\" title=\"Learn more about personal health record from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">personal health record</span></a><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;that is connected to an&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/electronic-health-record\" title=\"Learn more about electronic health record from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">electronic health record</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;system, provide patients with secure access to their clinical data while also facilitating patient-centered care and equitable, effective, and quality&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/delivery-of-health-care\" title=\"Learn more about health care delivery from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">health care delivery</span></a></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Features of patient portals include secure messaging, after-visit summaries, medication charts, allergy lists, laboratory results, and appointment scheduling</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Evidence from observational studies and systematic reviews indicate that when used effectively, access to patient portals can be beneficial for improved disease management and outcomes among diverse patient populations</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Despite the identified benefits of online patient portals, access and use of these portals are variable. Although other studies have investigated factors that may explain this variability</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, there is a gap in the literature about the trends and distinct patterns of patient portal access and usage in mental health contexts in the U.S.</span></p><p id=\"p0030\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Mental disorders are one of the highest contributors to the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/global-disease-burden\" title=\"Learn more about global disease burden from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">global disease burden</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, accounting for the greatest proportion of years lived with disability</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Empirical evidence from prior research on patient portal technology among mental health patients seems promising and suggests a potential for online portals to improve mental healthcare</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. For example, in their report, Khan and colleagues observed that sharing clinical notes with mental health patient could be a therapeutic intervention for managing these patients, which in turn demonstrates respect and reduces stigma, empower patients by dismantling power imbalances between the provider and patients, and encourages open and transparent care that helps patients better manage and track their progress</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Similarly, other researchers have found that access to online medical records for mental health patients aids medication adherence, improves knowledge of why their medication was prescribed, understanding of the importance of their medicine, facilitates remembrance of their care plan, increases awareness of their condition, while also enabling patients to be active participants in their care</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Insights from these studies indicate the potential utility of patient portal access in managing, monitoring, and treating mental health illnesses. Moreover, the utility of patients\' access to their online medical records can be attributed to the rapid adoption of technological platforms by health systems, which has become a mainstay in the enhancement of clinical care and workflow</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"p0035\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Yet, among people living with mental disorders, peculiar barriers limit their ability to access their online medical records. So far, available literature on online portal adoption among mental health populations is currently limited to small sample sizes</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and veteran populations</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and has not been nationally representative</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Further, although there is evidence suggesting that significant&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/disparity\" title=\"Learn more about disparities from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">disparities</span></a><font color=\"#2e2e2e\" face=\"Helvetica\">, as well as barriers to online portal usage,&nbsp;exist in other patient populations</font></span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, less is known about which subgroups of individuals with mental disorders are more likely to use online portals in accessing their medical data. In some cases, providers may also be reluctant to allow patients with mental health disorders to see aspects of their electronic medical records.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Some patients may also lack internet access or the digital literacy to adopt patient portals. This combination of barriers and limited diffusion of patient portal technology may exacerbate treatment barriers. In the face of the rapid transition to online and telehealth-based models of delivery care due to the Covid-19&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pandemic\" title=\"Learn more about pandemic from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">pandemic</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, it is important to understand how individuals with common mental disorders are interfacing with their online portals.</span></span></p><p id=\"p0040\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Therefore, this study aims to add to the extant literature by evaluating the usage patterns, barriers, and factors associated with online portal use among people with depression and anxiety, drawing from a large, nationally representative sample of US adults.</span></p></section><section id=\"sec2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0025\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Materials and methods</b></span></h2><section id=\"sec2.1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0030\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;Data sample</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">We analyzed data from the fifth iteration of the National Cancer Institute\'s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5). HINTS is a nationally representative survey of the US adult population conducted every 1–3 years since 2003 to collect data related to health information, health behaviors,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cancer-risk-factor\" title=\"Learn more about cancer risk factors from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">cancer risk factors</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and communication technology</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The target sample for the HINTS was non-institutionalized, civilian adults (aged ≥18 years) living in the U.S.</span></p><p id=\"p0050\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Data used in this study comprised respondents of HINTS 5, Cycle 1 (2017), HINTS 5, Cycle 2 (2018); HINTS 5, Cycle 3 (2019); and HINTS 5, Cycle 4 (2020). Data collection periods data were from January 2017 through May 2017 (HINTS 5, cycle 1), January through May 2018 (HINTS 5, cycle 2), January through April 2019 (HINTS 5, cycle 3), and February through June 2020 (HINTS 5, cycle 4). HINTS 5 cycles 1, 2, and 4 were administered as a single-mode mailed survey. However, HINTS 5 cycle 3 differed from the other iterations by using a mixed-mode—both self-administered mail and web survey to collect participant responses. A total of 13,360, 14,586, 23,430, and 15,347 households received the questionnaires in cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, and the response rates were 32.4% for cycle 1, 32.9% for cycle 2, 30.3% for cycle 3, and 36.7% for cycle 4.</span></p><p id=\"p0055\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">HINTS 5, Cycle 1 comprised of 3285 respondents; HINTS 5, cycle 2, had a total of 3504 respondents; HINTS 5, cycle 3, had a total of 5438 respondents; and HINTS 5, cycle 4, had a total of 3865 respondents. All iterations of the HINTS 5 employed a two-stage, stratified random sampling technique. The&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/stage-1\" title=\"Learn more about first stage from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">first stage</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;involves the selection of non-vacant residential addresses obtained from the Marketing Systems Group (MSG). In the&nbsp;</span></span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/stage-2\" title=\"Learn more about second stage from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">second stage</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, an adult from each household was selected for participation in the survey using the ‘Next Birthday’ method. For HINTS 5, cycle 1, the database of residential addresses was grouped into three strata including addresses in areas with high concentrations of people from racial or ethnic minority groups; addresses in areas with low concentrations of people from racial or ethnic minority groups; and addresses located in counties comprising Central Appalachia, regardless of racial or ethnic minority status. In HINTS 5, cycles 2, 3, and 4 two strata were used and included (1) addresses in areas with a high concentration of people from racial or ethnic minority groups, and (2) addresses in areas with a low concentration of people from racial or ethnic minority groups.</span></p><p id=\"p0060\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">For this study, depression and/or anxiety status was determined from responses to the survey item on depression/anxiety diagnosis, which was worded as: “</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had depression or anxiety disorder (yes/no)?”</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Participants who responded “Yes” were classified as having depression and anxiety.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">After combining all four HINTS iterations, a total of 3585 participants self-reported a history of depression and/or anxiety disorder. Of these, 391 participants with missing data for portal usage were excluded. Thus, the final eligible sample consisted of 3194 respondents.</span></p></section></section><section id=\"sec3\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0035\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;Measures</b></span></h2><section id=\"sec3.1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0040\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;Exposure variable</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0065\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The main variable of interest was portal use within the past 12 months preceding the survey. This was determined by asking whether participants have accessed patient portals of&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/electronic-health-record\" title=\"Learn more about EHR from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">EHR</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;in the past 12 months. Participants who responded using patient portals one or more times were categorized as portal users and those reporting no use of the portal in the preceding 12 months were characterized as non-users of patient portals.</span></span></p></section><section id=\"sec3.2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0045\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Use of patient portals</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0070\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">To better understand the patterns and variations in how people with depression and/or anxiety use their medical records (patient portals), which may give us insight into familiarity with different uses of the portal, we evaluated participants\' reported uses of their patient portals. Measures indicating reasons for using the patient portals included viewing test results, medication refills, securely messaging health care providers or staff, adding health information such as side effects to share with a provider, downloading health information to a personal device such as a phone, and using the information to decide on treatment. Additionally, participants perceived usefulness of patient portals was ascertained from one survey item asking if they found patient portals useful. Responses to all these questions were (yes vs no), and they were dichotomized.</span></p></section><section id=\"sec3.3\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0050\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<b>Barriers to portal use</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0075\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">We also sought to assess the reasons for the non-use of patient portals among individuals with depression and or anxiety who reported not using patient portals in the preceding 12 months. HINTS 5 asked nonusers whether any of seven reasons why they had not accessed an online medical record in the past twelve months: no way to access the website (that is, no internet), not having such a record, preferring to speaking directly to a provider, having concerns about the privacy or security of the website, having difficulty logging into their portals, having limited experience with computers, and having no need to access the record. Participants were allowed to select more than one reason. Each of these reasons was categorized as a binary variable (Yes vs No)</span></p></section><section id=\"sec3.4\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"sectitle0055\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Participant characteristics</b></span></h3><p id=\"p0080\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Informed by previous studies</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, as well as the Andersen Model of health services utilization,</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;the specific sociodemographic variables and health-related variables included in the present study were age, gender, race, educational level, household income, insurance status, comorbidities, and rural-urban residence. Gender was categorized as male or female. Age was categorized as 18–34&nbsp;​y, 35 to 49&nbsp;​y, 50 to 64&nbsp;​y, and 65&nbsp;​y or older. The race was categorized as white, Black or African American, Hispanic and others. Level of education was categorized as a high school graduate or less, some college, and college graduate or postgraduate. Rural or urban residence was defined using the US Department of Agriculture\'s (USDA) 2003 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Codes 1 to 3 were classified as urban, while codes 4 to 9 were classified as rural. Household annual income was categorized as lowest to low income (less than USD 20,000 to 34,999 USD) and middle to high income (USD 35, 000 to USD 75,000 or more). Respondents were classified as having a comorbidity if they had one or more of the following conditions: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, or&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/silo-fillers-disease\" title=\"Learn more about lung disease from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">lung disease</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></span></p></section></section><section id=\"sec4\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0060\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;<b>Statistical analysis</b></span></h2><p id=\"p0085\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Analyses were conducted using the “svy” command in Stata 17.0 statistical software (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, USA). Final person weights and jack-knife replicate weights provided within the HINTS 5 dataset were used to provide national estimates representative of the USA population. We first conducted basic descriptive statistics for the entire study sample (those with depression and anxiety) and stratified by portal use. Both unweighted frequencies and weighted percentages were presented. Chi-squared tests were used to estimate the prevalence of portal use after stratifying the study population by key sociodemographic factors and by study year. We used multivariable&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/logistic-regression-analysis\" title=\"Learn more about logistic regression from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">logistic regression</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;adjusting for age, gender, race, educational level, household income, insurance status, comorbidities, rural-urban residence, and study year to examine the factors associated with portal utilization. All tests were two-sided and p values&nbsp;​&lt;&nbsp;​0.05 were considered statistically significant.</span></p><p id=\"p0085\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-16/9940671f-61fe-4d16-8cb8-db7b79d9ca2b.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p></section>','2022-10-18 13:17:31.946660','uploads/news/th_11.jpeg',1,'Psychiatry Research Communications','Online patient portals are technology-based platforms that offers patients access to their personal medical data. Patient portals have the potential to improve clinical outcomes. Despite their increasing role in the delivery of healthcare, less is known about portal use in mental health populations. This study sought to evaluate online portal use among people with depression and anxiety drawing from a large nationally representative sample',6,27,'Science direct'),(43100,'To achieve a sustainable world- open source decarbonization is an option','to-achieve-a-sustainable-world-open-source-decarbonization-is-an-option','2023-01-25 06:55:46.555574','<div><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The globe is currently facing a climate emergency and we need to act now before it is too late. The reason we are in a climate and energy crisis is because the world has relied on fossil fuels for export, instead of focusing on renewable energy and energy efficiency. An alternative solution to the climate crisis is electrification.&nbsp;</span></div><div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">The research by Pearce</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">Electrification is a process of heating with heat pumps that has advantages in reducing the need for oil in electrical vehicles, and reducing the usage of natural gas. Renewable energy and energy efficiency works hand in hand with electrification as the usage of coal and natural gas is reduced as well resultant climate destabilisation and carbon emissions.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">The different types of climate technology</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">To decrease costs of equipment and increase innovation, an effective solution that has proven to be effective is a free and open source hardware design, which is pertaining to a wide range of industries. This process can accelerate the implementation of strategies and policies regarding practical implementation to reduce the usage of oil, gas and coal. The article by Pearce visually shows how the power of open source will be explained and to show how it can improve the performance and decrease the costs of decarbonization technologies.”</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The first graphic is a map and notes down dots to show coal-power plants in the United States. The graph is showing that the coal-powered industries release an immense amount of pollution in the air that people are being killed by breathing this toxic air.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The next graphic is a flow diagram showing an open hardware. The article states that “the target criminal country can be a political rival, an enemy or a country threatening the stability or safety of a region or the world. Next, both the major exports for the target criminal country are identified from public data as well as the imports to the country doing the analysis are identified. These imports and exports are quantified in economic terms for specific products.”</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Solar powered devices are the next graphic to fast track the transition to renewable energy. Further, an open source Discarded computer running OpenSCAD is used to reduce the cost of scientific equipment. Further, RepRap users use 3-D parts that&nbsp; collaborate with open source principles on the internet. This company also found a sustainable source such as PLA that has an “ideal fused filament fabrication material (bottom graph with notably higher tensile strengths than ABS”. Moreover, during a humanitarian crisis an open-source 3D printer is used for resilience purposes during a humanitarian crisis and where the products are needed for a specific community. Further, a delta-style RepRap 3-D printer can be converted to a 3D stage that includes mixing and eventually fills up wells. Additionally, an open source delta-style RepRap is used by a USB microscope. A 3-D printable open source centrifuge is used on a webcam or cellphone to enable an open source computer vision software.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">An open source syringe pump helps the scientific community save on costs. Further, open source hardware is growing rapidly as substantial economic savings is being gained. An open access journal, HardwareX published open hardware in order to open-source microsyringe an autosampler. During Covid-19, HardwareX had an open hardware to help people during the time with ventilators and respirators.&nbsp; HardwareX also wants to decarbonize the world with the development of open hardware where there are low cost monitoring devices that can track the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere. Furthermore, technologies that directly offset carbon emissions is also a plus for HardwareX, this is based on technology that involves renewable energy, transportation electrification and storage of efficiency.&nbsp; Open hardware technologies by HardwareX can help expand the usage of renewable energy for operations like agri voltaics used for smart agriculture and are low cost climate stations.The reduction of water loss during evaporation is aided by an open source design for a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system. A solar photovoltaic racking system, which is an open source 3-D printed x-wire based, is able to reduce costs. Moreover, a charge controller with a large solar photovoltaic system has a lightning arrestor and a fused battery.</div><h3 class=\"\"><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">Time for action is now</span></div></h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">Climate change has become a climate emergency and with the world evolving climate technology is being developed at a rapid rate. We need to support climate technology and act now.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><br></div>','2022-10-18 13:26:27.285267','uploads/news/pexels-pixabay-220201.jpg',1,'Science Talks','The globe is currently facing a climate emergency and we need to act now before it is too late. The reason we are in a climate and energy crisis is because the world has relied on fossil fuels for export, instead of focusing on renewable energy and energy efficiency. An alternative solution to the climate crisis is electrification. Electrification is a process of heating with heat pumps that has advantages in reducing the need for oil in electrical vehicles, and reducing the usage of natural gas. Renewable energy and energy efficiency works hand in hand with electrification as the usage of coal and natural gas is reduced as well resultant climate destabilisation and carbon emissions. To decrease costs of equipment and increase innovation, an effective solution that has proven to be effective is a free and open source hardware design, which is pertaining to a wide range of industries. This process can accelerate the implementation of strategies and policies regarding practical implementation to reduce the usage of oil, gas and coal. The article by Pearce visually shows how the power of open source will be explained and to show how it can improve the performance and decrease the costs of decarbonization technologies.”',13,134,'<ul><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Author links open overlay panelJoshua M.PearcePersonEnvelope, M.PearcePersonEnvelope, J. and AbstractThe world is facing a climate emergency. We must reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and their export and (2022) <i>Open source decarbonization for a Sustainable World</i>, <i>Science Talks</i>. Elsevier. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569322000834 (Accessed: January 25, 2023).</li><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Planet earth · free stock photo - PEXELS</i> (no date). Available at: https://www.pexels.com/photo/planet-earth-220201/ (Accessed: January 25, 2023).</li></ul><div></div><p></p>'),(44032,'A new way of cooling buildings through decarbonization','a-new-way-of-cooling-buildings-through-decarbonization','2023-01-18 06:13:28.413924','<div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">There is a rapid growth in space cooling with regard to global energy demand. In the coming years with advancements and population growth building construction is also going to increase significantly. The building construction factors are also linked to urbanization, improved lifestyles, and growing wealth. These mentioned factors are mostly in countries that have a tropical and warm climatic region.&nbsp;</span></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"\">The importance of space cooling technologies</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Countries that have extreme heats tend to follow the urban heat island effect, in which building cooling is mostly necessary amongst many buildings and the CBD areas. With that said, greenhouse gas emissions and building energy consumption continue to have an increased growth rate. The article mentions that, “this paper discusses the existing space cooling technologies and their suitability to provide comfort cooling in the context of warm and humid climates.” Further, alternatives for space cooling regarding low carbon has been reviewed and the strategies regarding decarbonization have been carefully considered. With a warming climate and the earth\'s surface surface reaching extreme temperature the decarbonization of buildings need to be accounted for and need to be placed in the policies.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buildings such as homes, schools, and businesses are structures that are in place for human comfort and are built according to different climatic conditions. For instance, vernacular architecture adapts according to climate based on what was available during that time with natural resources and available technologies. From the time the digital era has come through with the expansion of the electricity grid and air conditioning has been able to make living inside these buildings a lot more comfortable. As different regions develop buildings, the buildings generally match international standards than regional standards.In today’s time however, buildings have a contemporary finish or architecture to them. Contemporary architecture is open and not restrictive and breaks away from the old traditions or norms of architecture. With that being said sustainability goes hand in hand with contemporary architecture with the usage of natural and recycled materials as well as aspects pertaining to energy consumption. Basically, contemporary architecture deals with contemporary problems. Further, together with contemporary architecture follows urbanization where contemporary architecture needs to meet a growing population\'s needs. The article by Banerjee and Bandyopadhyay state the following regarding the future of building construction, “most of the buildings currently being constructed or to be constructed in the near future are essentially modern buildings with business-as-usual scenario having dominant energy requirement for lighting, space conditioning, water heating, cooking and energy-consuming appliances.” These building constructions are mostly occurring in emerging economies. Further, in these emerging economies there is a demand for cooling because of the increase in economic growth, urbanization, population growth and the expansion of access to electricity. The article also mentions that, “the world is becoming hotter because of climate change that increases the need for cooling. To reduce the carbon footprint of these buildings, cooling related emission reduction is extremely important.” The research by Banerjee and Bandyopadhyay aim “to flag the concerns of cooling of buildings mainly in the warm climates of the globe that contributes majorly to make space cooling as one of the fastest growing end use energy demands. The possible technological solutions will be discussed, and pathways that may help achieving a solution will be deliberated.”</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"\">The research out taken on space cooling technologies</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">The article then looked into three sections dealing with the energy consumption of buildings and a discussion based on how to reduce energy demand through a space cooling method in buildings. Further, specific technologies for current space cooling have been outlined in the article. The technologies that have been stated are: non-refrigerant based technologies which are related to ventilations and fans, evaporative cooling which is also known as an energy efficient alternative, which can help cool buildings. Moreover, refrigerant based technologies are used such as electricity driven air conditioners. Additionally, to have an enhanced quality of life and adapt to climate change, space cooling is a critical development need.&nbsp;</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The article also mentions challenges that are faced with space cooling on buildings, such as, “emission generated due to leakage of refrigerants from the cooling equipment” and “emission generated due to energy used for cooling in buildings”.&nbsp; With the challenges mentioned, the article also mentions the strategies to achieve the decarbonization of cooling buildings through low carbon energy and efficiency is through the following: “reduction of cooling load, energy efficient building design for new construction, energy efficient retrofitting for existing building stock, cooling performance standards, energy efficient air conditioners, low carbon electricity, and renewable energy driven cooling systems. Another strategy is the reduction of the cooling load with regards to energy efficient building design for new construction, energy efficient retrofitting for existing building stock, cooling performance standards, transition to high efficiency cooling, low carbon electricity, rooftop solar, renewable energy driven cooling systems, solar thermal space cooling, desiccant cooling, solar PV (Photovoltaic) space cooling, and ground cooling techniques- earth to air heat exchanger.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The article also highlighted aspects of future cooling technologies which related to evaporative cooling technologies, vapour compression technologies and solid state cooling technologies. There is also a photosynthetic route for reduction of cooling load whereby “green plants, algae, and certain bacteria utilise solar light to convert atmospheric carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates.” The next future implementation is net zero buildings.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"\">Conclusion of the article</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are scorching temperatures due to the effects of climate change, hence space cooling is in demand in order to cool buildings through decarbonization. The article mentions that “it&nbsp; has been discussed in this paper that the efficiency of compressor based air conditioners has increased significantly, and further developments indicate that the efficiency will continue to increase in coming years”. The article also mentions the need for a reduced energy demand will be obtained by having energy efficient buildings.</div><div><br></div>','2022-10-18 13:30:30.694823','uploads/news/pexels-pixabay-462331.jpg',1,'Solar Compass','Countries that have extreme heats tend to follow the urban heat island effect, in which building cooling is mostly necessary amongst many buildings and the CBD areas. With that said, greenhouse gas emissions and building energy consumption continue to have an increased growth rate. The article mentions that, “this paper discusses the existing space cooling technologies and their suitability to provide comfort cooling in the context of warm and humid climates.” Further, alternatives for space cooling regarding low carbon has been reviewed and the strategies regarding decarbonization have been carefully considered. With a warming climate and the earth\'s surface surface reaching extreme temperature the decarbonization of buildings need to be accounted for and need to be placed in the policies.The article also mentions the need for a reduced energy demand will be obtained by having energy efficient buildings.',13,196,'<ul><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Buildings Photos, Download Free Buildings Stock Photos &amp; HD Images - Pexels</i> (no date). Available at:&nbsp; https://www.pexels.com/search/buildings/ (Accessed: January 17, 2023).</li><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; panelBibekBandyopadhyayaPersonEnvelopeMadhumitaBanerjeeb, A.links open overlay <i>et al.</i> (2022) <i>Decarbonization of cooling of buildings</i>, <i>Solar Compass</i>. Elsevier. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940022000182?ref=cra_js_challenge&amp;fr=RR-1 (Accessed: January 17, 2023).</li></ul><div></div><p></p>'),(44387,'How involved are parents in their child\'s early years setting\'s food decisions and practices?','how-involved-are-parents-in-their-childs-early-years-settings-food-decisions-and-practices','2022-11-03 13:21:40.454274','<section id=\"sec1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0010\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Good food and nutrition in the early years are key to ensuring health in later years</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, as with an increasing number of countries globally</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, poor nutrition among young children is a serious public health problem in England where, for example, more than one in five children entering the first year of school are living either overweight or obese</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. And most young children now spend a considerable amount of time in some form of formal early years childcare settings (EYS) such as nurseries or childminders</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, with many consuming most of their daily nutritional requirements within the setting. Parents&nbsp; have a key collaborative role in ensuring a healthy start for children</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It is therefore important for creating environments that enable partnerships between parents (or other carers) and earlier years childcare professionals, focused on good food and nutrition, to support healthy early life</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"p0015\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In England, parental involvement&nbsp; is a core aim in the Early Years Foundation Stage which means (EYFS) Framework, to which all registered EYS are mandated</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Related guidance for EYS on involving parents accompanies the Framework, ranging from providing one-to-one daily communication updates with parents via a key worker; which are for organizing practitioner/parent/family workshops; promoting parents as volunteers for learning activities; and inviting parents as governors or steering group members</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. This is further underpinned by UK policies to support the partnership through integrated working between local authorities, health services, and EYS</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Moreover, parental involvement as ‘partners’, working with practitioners in early years settings to support learning and development, is acknowledged in the EYS literature</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and considered particularly important for promoting healthy eating</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"p0020\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">However, the evidence on the effectiveness of parental involvement mainly stems from studies in school contexts (four years and older). It indicates us that involving parents leads to better learning, attainment, and health outcomes</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">). That\'s why there is a need to strengthen the limited evidence available on parents\' experience of ‘being involved’ ‘participating’ or ‘engaged’ in their child\'s food and nutrition in EYS, or of their perception of their roles and responsibility in this</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. according to existing studies report that barriers and tensions exist on both sides, with parents feeling patronized by EYS staff ‘educating’ them, or viewing EYS staff as ‘too busy to engage in conversations on food; and EYS staff being unsure of how to communicate about good nutrition without offending parents, and viewing parents as an obstacle to healthy eating by continuing to supply their child with unhealthy snacks and food options.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-03/869496ad-401b-44cd-9644-1c214d7af0b6.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><section id=\"sec1.1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><font color=\"#2e2e2e\" face=\"Helvetica\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">There is no clear definition of parental involvement in early years childcare and education, as it incorporates several behaviors and practices. Though many of the existing theories and models of parental involvement relate to mainstream school settings and educational outcomes,</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;we draw upon two theoretical models with particular relevance to our study and age group of interest.</span></p><p id=\"p0030\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><font color=\"#2e2e2e\" face=\"Helvetica\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The first is Goodall and Montgomery\'s parental involvement and engagement model, which offers insight into relationships between parents and schools. The model describes this as a continuum, from parents as passive receivers of information to active ‘partners’ in their child\'s learning</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Thus, to visualize variation across levels of involvement and satisfaction with food and nutrition at their child\'s EYS, an adaptation of Goodall and Montgomery\'s model is used to assist in the analysis of the findings, particularly on the level of reported agency in decisions about food, and collaboration or partnership relationship between the parent and EYS.</span></p><p id=\"p0035\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The second model of interest is Epstein\'s parent-school partnership model across the school, family, and wider community. This focuses on all aspects of children\'s learning and education and identifies six different types of parental involvement: parenting, volunteering, communicating, learning at home, decision-making within the setting, and collaborating with the local community</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Developed to assist educators to develop school and family partnership programs, this model has relevance for EYS (0–5 years), especially as the rhetoric of ‘parents as partners in early years learning and development is present in recent policy literature in the&nbsp;</span><span id=\"gs9\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">UK</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and because the early years\' sector is supported to encourage greater parental involvement through practitioner training as well as with materials and guidance for parents</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Whilst much of this is focused on the child\'s educational development, the importance of physical, as well as social and emotional development is recognized. The Epstein model is applied to assist in reflecting upon the findings of our study and formulating policy and practice implications in the Discussion section.</span></p><p id=\"p0040\" style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This paper reports the views and experiences of parents on food provision and practices in their child\'s early years setting, exploring the nature of, barriers to, and their involvement in this.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-03/58b4ca87-4e7f-4272-ae20-5897998da087.jpeg\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p></section></section><section id=\"sec2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46);\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0030\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><font face=\"Helvetica\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><b>Some Methods:</b></span></font></h2><p id=\"p0045\" style=\"font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The research forms part of a larger study of food provision in early years settings, including a stakeholder analysis, which is reported separately</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 59 parents and carers of children in EYS in England. EYS are defined here as nurseries or childminders caring for children under five years and registered with the Office for Standards in Education,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/childrens-services\" title=\"Learn more about Children\'s Services from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Children\'s Services</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and Skills (Ofsted) Early Years Register. The interview set out to explore parents\' drivers for choice of EYS, including the extent to which food practices and healthy eating played a part, how involved, or engaged parents were able or wanted to be in this, and how satisfied they were with the food and food practices within their EYS.</span></span></p><p id=\"p0050\" style=\"font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Social researchers at Kantar Public, abiding by the Market Research Society Code of Conduct and data protection legislation, were commissioned to recruit participants and conduct interviews. The reason for outsourcing the&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/recruitment\" title=\"Learn more about recruitment from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">recruitment</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and interviewing was related to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, including accompanying lockdown restrictions, necessitating additional support, which Kantar Public provided by carrying out one-to-one telephone interviews with a sample of parents of children in early years settings across England. Kantar Public had the experience, resources, and capacity to recruit and carry out the interviews within the allocated timeframe, as much of the preliminary work had been undertaken. The authors worked closely with Kantar Public by providing the selection criteria, drafting the structured topic guides, and preparing interviewer briefing notes. Participants were purposefully selected to include a range of geographical areas in England and socio-economic indicators. All had one or more children currently attending an EYS for at least part of the week. Informed consent for participation was obtained by Kantar Public before the interview, which included consent for sharing interview audiotapes and transcriptions with the authors. Interviews were conducted between the 15th of May the June 10, 2020, and lasted between 20 and 52&nbsp;​min. Participants were provided with a small payment as compensation for their time and contribution.</span></p><p id=\"p0055\" style=\"font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Interviews were coded and analyzed thematically using the Framework approach</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Following transcription, the authors thoroughly familiarized themselves with the data by reading and re-reading the transcripts, in conjunction with accompanying audio recordings, and by making annotations about initial thoughts. This stage was important as the authors were not present at interviews, though there was an extensive liaison, at all stages of fieldwork, between the authors and the Kantar team, for clarifying any misunderstandings in transcriptions, and making corrections where indicated. Five transcripts were randomly selected and independently open-coded by the three authors. The authors then met to discuss and agree on a set of categories and codes, as an initial coding framework, which could be applied to subsequent transcripts. This initial framework was subsequently applied to a further two transcripts and, following further meetings and refinement, a coding framework comprising four categories and their refined codes and descriptors was agreed upon. This framework was then applied to all subsequent transcripts and charted onto framework matrices, whereby the coded data for each case (or participant) was summarized on a matrix using NVivo Version 12</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, enabling the identification and refinement of key themes. The data were interpreted by identifying links between sub-groups and codes.</span></p></section><section id=\"sec3\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><h2 id=\"sectitle0035\" class=\"u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><br></h2></section>','2022-10-18 13:32:03.984125','uploads/news/children-eating-healthy-nutrition.jpg',1,'SSM - Qualitative Research in Health','Parents who view a child large for their age as healthy are unlikely to be concerned about child overweight, or to use restrictive feeding practices to prevent overweight. Given such values, caregivers may interpret infant behavior in terms of potential hunger and take specific care to prevent that state.',6,168,'Science direct'),(44733,'Energy retrofit analysis for an educational building in Mumbai','energy-retrofit-analysis-for-an-educational-building-in-mumbai','2022-11-13 05:01:29.194766','<section id=\"sec0001\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><p id=\"para0013\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">According to the united nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCC), actions for addressing building energy efficiency to reduce emissions are imperative to achieving the Paris Agreement goals</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. COP 26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) also highlights the crucial role that buildings play in climate action and emphasizes that the built environment must reduce its emissions by 50% by 2030 and that the entire stock of new buildings should be net-zero in operations</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The recently launched Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report further highlights the potential that buildings offer in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0014\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">All this is in concurrence with the assessment that buildings are responsible for a significant share of more than one-third of global energy demand, and more than 35% of global energy-related carbon emissions&nbsp;</span><a name=\"bbib0001\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666188822000302#bib0001\" class=\"workspace-trigger\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">[1]</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Therefore, a slight improvement in the energy efficiency of the building sector offers the potential to realize substantial social, economic, and environmental benefits.</span></p><p id=\"para0014\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/5f38578d-4b8d-48cd-9542-21ab7b08e5a8.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><section id=\"sec0002\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h3 id=\"cesectitle0006\" class=\"u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>&nbsp;Context and rationale:</b></span></h3><p id=\"para0015\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The building envelope serves as the boundary between the outdoor and indoor environments and influences 26% of the energy demand in buildings.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;The recently launched IPCC report identifies a ‘highly efficient building envelope’ as a mitigation intervention for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It is the most critical building component to affect conditions of thermal comfort</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and Operational Energy&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">(OE) use</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. One-third of this operational energy is consumed by heating and cooling loads alone</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0018\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">As heat gain through the envelope increases, higher operational energy is needed to ensure indoor thermal comfort. In India, where electricity production is carbon-intensive, the electricity required for cooling loads results in increasing (indirect) carbon emissions</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The envelope is responsible for about 36% of the peak cooling loads and enhancing its design alone can result in 46.8% savings in annual energy requirements in hot climates</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The building envelope is thus the key determinant of the building\'s environmental impacts and plays a critical role in affecting thermal performance and building cooling loads in the tropics.</span></p><section id=\"sec0003\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;\"><h4 id=\"cesectitle0007\" class=\"u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Some previous research:</b></span></h4><p id=\"para0019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Several authors have emphasized the energy and material efficiency of the building envelope for ensuring building sustainability</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Research suggests that efforts for enhancing energy efficiency through the envelopes should take into consideration the assessment of building energy performance corresponding to different envelope designs</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The different elements of a building envelope- external walls, floors, roof, ceiling, and windows determine the energy required for heating and cooling a building, thermal comfort, ventilation, and lighting</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. There are several strategies for improving building energy efficiency through these envelope components</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In the following sections, the study explores the approaches that are new, sustainable, and can be easily used in retrofit constructions. These energy-efficiency measures which can be applied to an existing building include improvement in thermal insulation and performance of windows, using green roofs, increasing the façade shading, and applying reflective materials.</span></p><p id=\"para0020\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Thermal properties of opaque and transparent surfaces such as heat transmittance, thermal conductivity, capacity, and reflectance considerably influence heat gains and can reduce yearly cooling loads by up to 38% in the tropics</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Many researchers have represented cool roofs as an innovative and inexpensive technique to reduce demand for space cooling and improve indoor thermal comfort. It includes flat roofs covered with high-solar reflectance and high-emissivity coatings. The use of cool clay tile can reduce summer peak indoor air temperature in residential buildings in Italy by up to 4.7&nbsp;°C and peak external roof surface temperature by approximately 15 −18&nbsp;°C during summers</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Placing a radiant barrier on an exterior surface of a conventional RCC roof can result in a reduction in the temperature of the insulation layer by up to 5&nbsp;K&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Coating surfaces with paint can offer up to 50% savings in cooling energy and up to 66% reduction in heat flux</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Combining cool roofs with shading and insulation is found to offer 78% savings in energy consumption</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In tropical climates, using a cool roof can result in the most savings concerning Phase Change Material (PCM), and green roofs</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A light-colored roof causes 30% lesser total heat gain, compared to a dark-colored roof. Their use can also reduce discomfort hours by up to 53%</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0021\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The loads in a building and the temperature of the exterior surfaces also depend on factors like the ambient outdoor temperature, incident solar radiation, and the thermal conductance of the surface. Improving the insulation or U-value of the building envelope is one of the most common ways of enhancing building thermal performance. Literature suggests that the effects of insulation in reducing cooling loads in the tropics can be complicated. Several authors suggest that an increase in insulation can result in higher energy demand for cooling in hot climates due to higher indoor temperatures and poor nighttime cooling</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Other authors conversely suggest that more insulation corresponds to lesser heat exchange via conduction and thus better energy efficiency</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. An increase in envelope insulation has been found to reduce the annual space cooling load by up to 38% in the hot humid climate of Hong Kong</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It has been that the cooling loads increase or reduce depending on the thermal mass of the walls, and the number and position of the insulation layer. Higher insulation though minimizes heat gain through conduction during the daytime, it prevents the solar gains to radiate outside during the night</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0022\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Window treatments and the use of appropriate shading elements are also of critical importance in hot climates</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Heat ingress through windows is determined by factors like the window\'s thermal insulation, SHGC,&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and WWR</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. SHGC along with shading control forms the most influential factor to affect cooling energy demand, with an average of 39% more impact than other parameters in warm climates</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Research suggests that improving solar control properties of windows, particularly for large WWR is a better solution for reducing energy demand and that effectiveness of changing U-values of windows depends on the WWR and insulation of the roof and wall. Solar controls like reflective coatings, tinted glass, or low- e glazing can lower the radiative heat transfer and reduce the cooling demand.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;A well-insulated envelope with double-glazed windows for a WWR of 20% can produce maximum annual energy savings in different cities in India. The savings reduce by around 70% with a lower U-value and high SHGC</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A lower SHGC may increase energy savings by up to 30%</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Lowering the SHGC is thus more effective than reducing thermal transmittance</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Lower U-values can be effective when the building façade is poorly insulated.</span></p><p id=\"para0024\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Thermal insulation along with shading can offer temperature reductions up to 10&nbsp;°C</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Shading serves to be the most effective measure for reducing energy demands in the tropics</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Adding shading in the hot climate of Egypt reduced the demand for cooling by 25- 33%</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Coleridge and Huh observed energy savings ranging between 30% to 50% for different device typologies for an office building in Cape Town, South Africa.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Increasing the depth of horizontal shading devices for east and west-orientated windows in Singapore has been shown to result in up to 10% savings in cooling energy load</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Shading in the west and the southwest orientations produces the highest savings</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Heat transfer in the tropics can also be minimized by installing greenery on the external walls and roofs of buildings. Shading provided by green façades offers the potential to minimize external surface temperature and subsequently reduce the incoming heat flux</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. An annual air-conditioning load reduction of 76% can be obtained through the application of a Double-Skin Green Façade (DSGF)</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. These green facades can reduce annual energy consumption for cooling by up to 20%</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Vertical greenery can cause a reduction in indoor air temperature in the hot and humid summer of Hong Kong by 8.4&nbsp;°C</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Depending on the type of plant used, a 4&nbsp;°C decrease in internal air temperature, and an estimated reduction of 64% in electricity consumed by air conditioning can be achieved</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The green roof can produce energy savings ranging between 31.61% and 39.74% and reductions in indoor air temperature by around 4&nbsp;°C</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0025\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In the context of global climate change and a growing reliance on air-conditioning, several studies have lately started investigating the effect of different green building materials on the energy efficiency of buildings in the tropics</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. One such material is bamboo which is not only economically viable but low-cost, light in weight, biodegradable, effective CO</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; font-family: Helvetica;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;absorber, rapidly renewable, has low capital and maintenance costs, is easy to process and transport, and has low embodied energy along with superior thermal and mechanical properties</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. It is found in abundance in tropical&nbsp;climates&nbsp;and can withstand wind speeds of up to 150&nbsp;km/ hour</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Being the fastest-growing plant, it can well suffice the needs of rapid urbanization.</span></p><p id=\"para0026\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Bamboo in recent times has seen a growing research interest due to its several practical applications and benefits in the areas of composite materials and the building sector. Research reveals structural use of bamboo has a less negative impact on the environment compared to common building materials like steel or concrete</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Findings show that bamboo-based structures exhibit better thermal performance in terms of envelope insulation compared to conventional brick-concrete buildings</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A recent study by Kandya and Mohan shows that the use of bamboo concrete composite- Bamcrete walls can produce cooling energy savings of around 7.5% concerning a traditional brick wall</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Bamboo can also be used as an external shading screen in tropical climates like China and effectively reduces transmitted solar radiation in summer while ensuring sufficient daylight ingress</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. India, being a tropical country and the second major global producer of bamboo thus offers huge potential to realize these benefits.</span></p><p id=\"para0027\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">All these measures can improve thermal comfort by moderating indoor temperatures</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Optimizing the building envelope can directly affect the installed capacity of HVAC systems reduce heating and cooling loads, and energy costs</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Improvements in the building envelope can thus significantly reduce the need for operational energy and enhance sustainable use</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Recognizing the crucial role that building envelope plays in enhancing thermal comfort and building energy performance in the tropics, transformations for creating high-performing building envelopes are crucial for reducing total energy requirements and thus fulfilling multiple Sustainable Development Goals (especially SDGs 7, 11, and 13) and becoming net-zero</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Transformation is particularly important in developing nations, especially in the tropics, where the demand for buildings and cooling energy is the fastest-growing demand</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0028\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Despite several studies that have evaluated the impacts of one or more design variables on cooling energy efficiency, limited studies have attempted to perform and visualize the energy performance of additions made to existing buildings through Rhino/ Grasshopper, particularly in India. The general trend is biased toward using e- quest, and Design Builder</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Many studies have demonstrated the effect of energy efficiency retrofits on building energy use</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Deep retrofits can help in reducing building energy use by up to 50%</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Given that buildings in India account for approximately 37% of the nation\'s annual primary energy consumption, employing even a fraction of these actions can make a substantial contribution to the nation\'s reduction targets.</span></p><p id=\"para0028\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/caa866c4-5921-4aeb-94da-ab7cdba3f241.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><p id=\"para0029\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(Academic blocks surrounding CUSE at IIT Bombay.)</span><br></p></section></section></section>','2022-10-18 13:33:39.670765','uploads/news/1-s2.0-S2666188822000302-gr2.jpg',1,'Sustainable Futures','Buildings consume around 40% of total global primary energy and account for one-third of greenhouses gas emissions. In the context of rising average air temperature and growing reliance on air-conditioning for space cooling, energy efficiency in buildings is becoming increasingly important. This is of particular significance to the tropics where a high rate of construction and development is expected in the coming decades.',6,27,'Science direct'),(44825,'A case study of Reliance industries: systems approach to environment, social and governance (ESG)','a-case-study-of-reliance-industries-systems-approach-to-environment-social-and-governance-esg','2023-03-16 12:26:29.491479','<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ddf1bcf8-7fff-ebd0-ff00-397a4873364f\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Since the stakeholder theory has been put forward - business sustainability has been a trending practice in businesses, banks and corporations.The concept has started from the World Commission of Environment and Development with the word Sustainable Development. This term has also branched off to corporate social responsibility (CSR).&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The need for Environmental, Social and Governance in businesses</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Corporate social responsibility is when a business focuses on areas such as social policy, healthy competition, anti-corruption governance system, fair trading, science and technology, and human rights. This practice for over 4 decades aims to provide solutions between social and economic performance and offering vital implications for academic scholars, community, and business practitioners. Most industrial businesses and refineries need to restructure their business model and look at their impact on climate change, environmental degradation and global warming. There is urgency for businesses to take part in environmental actions and minimise their environmental threats. Currently, academic studies are moving towards corporate social responsibility in the investment decision making process. And joining CSR with ESG and abiding by Modern Index Strategy Indexes (MSCI). The main focus for these businesses is the social and the environmental aspects. When there is a focus on ESG, there is an investment return. Companies believe that ESG is the correct pathway and hence have adopted this practice. Surprisingly, Indian companies have become aware of their social responsibilities and are now getting more involved in ESG related activities. Since ESG looks into aspects of the environment, social and governance there has been a suggestion to have these aspects as non-financial reporting. Stakeholders however demand that these three factors must be included in non-financial reporting. A combined group of shareholders have mentioned that ESG is able to increase profitability in a company.&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The importance of ESG in Indian companies: a case study</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The s<a href=\"https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2666412721000477?token=7E4305A3EB67D16F831D9198A199B4F7EA9D2156995DFD17B2CFF67A6C3911A6134BA3BC6885AAAED6630C15CD5AA8BE&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20230316111347\" target=\"_blank\">tudy was researched by Dr. MonicaSinghania Dr. NehaSaini</a> has the objective to analyse the evolution of ESG disclosure practises in Indian company and gauge the effectiveness of resulting responsible actions by all social actors from such practices, through an assessment, accreditation, and national ranking system for ESG disclosures and sustainability.” The results show that companies need to reach sustainability and need to have strategies in place to do so. Further, it has been mentioned that even though a company is ESG compliant they still might be impacting the environment through pollution. The study looks into ESG from a systems approach. Moreover, firms need to disclose their ESG practices through increasing their transparency, and have a popular nudge in the face of their stakeholders.</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The insights of the Indian company RIL</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">RIL, the Indian company has the following initiatives involving the energy sector, water management, biodiversity, health care, rural infrastructure development, skill development and education. A systems approach was analysed in RIL and it is known that at lower costs, sustainability firms are able to achieve a higher revenue. The article defines a system approach as: “a holistic approach to problem solving that involves formal consideration of select parameters.” A systems approach is able to give a holistic view of a company\'s commitment towards ESG.&nbsp;</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The results were sorted into tables and analysed the following headings:</span></p><br><ol style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">“The General Systems Model for ESG Disclosures and Sustainability”</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">“Energy Conservation Initiatives undertaken by RIL under Environmental Criterion”</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Energy management</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Waste gas management</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Initiatives and outcomes</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Electricity saving</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Biogas generation</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">GHG emission reduction</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Paperless channels of communication</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Awards for initiatives</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;CO2 per annum&nbsp;</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Certified emissions reduction</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Water management</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Healthcare</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Education&nbsp;</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Skills development</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Governance criterion</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;Disaster management</span></p></li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Technology</span></p></li></ol><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The conclusions in the study</span></p><br><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A company should not only look into profit maximisation but must also look at the environment and society. It is only then that a company will enjoy the luxury of being sustainable. An example of a company that is on par with sustainability is the “Reliance Industries Limited have been indulging in such sustainable activities and been reporting their performance on an annual basis.” RIL mostly focused on the energy and water sector. It has been observed that RIL got an ESG score of 64 which is below the average performance of the other top 10 companies in India. Corporate social responsibility has now updated in looking into the environmental, social and governance indicators.</span></p><br></span>','2022-10-18 13:34:04.912381','uploads/news/pexels-pixabay-290275.jpg',1,'Sustainable Operations and Computers','Since the stakeholder theory has been put forward business sustainability has been a trending practice in businesses, banks and corporations.The concept has started from the World Commission of Environment and Development with the word Sustainable Development. This term has also branched off to corporate social responsibility (CSR). A company should not only look into profit maximisation but must also look at the environment and society. It is only then that a company will enjoy the luxury of being sustainable. An example of a company that is on par with sustainability is the “Reliance Industries Limited have been indulging in such sustainable activities and been reporting their performance on an annual basis.” RIL mostly focused on the energy and water sector. It has been observed that RIL got an ESG score of 64 which is below the average performance of the other top 10 companies in India. Corporate social responsibility has now updated in looking into the environmental, social and governance indicators.',13,196,'<ul><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Author links open overlay panelDr. Monica Singhania a <i>et al.</i> (2021) <i>Systems approach to environment, social and governance (ESG): Case of reliance industries</i>, <i>Sustainable Operations and Computers</i>. Elsevier. Available at: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2666412721000477?token=7E4305A3EB67D16F831D9198A199B4F7EA9D2156995DFD17B2CFF67A6C3911A6134BA3BC6885AAAED6630C15CD5AA8BE&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20230316111347 (Accessed: March 16, 2023).</li><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Glass building in Worm\'s eye photography · Free Stock Photo - PEXELS</i> (no date). Available at: https://www.pexels.com/photo/architecture-blue-sky-buildings-business-290275/ (Accessed: March 16, 2023). </li></ul><div></div><p></p><p style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\">&nbsp;</p><div></div><p></p>'),(46510,'Exploring the impact of live music performances on the wellbeing of community dwelling people living with dementia and their care partners','exploring-the-impact-of-live-music-performances-on-the-wellbeing-of-community-dwelling-people-living-with-dementia-and-their-care-partners','2022-11-13 07:13:34.386607','<section id=\"sec0001\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"><p id=\"para0016\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/dementia\" title=\"Learn more about Dementia from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Dementia</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;is an international priority accordingly with the current estimates of around 50 million people living with the condition, predicted to reach 82 million in 2030 and 152 million in 2050 WHO(2018),</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Policy recommendations </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;World Alzheimer\'s Report</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;promote the development and also sustainability of groups to enhance wellbeing post diagnosis for people living with dementia and their care partners. According to research, In 2012 the UK Prime Minister posed the challenge of how to ‘</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">promote individual and community-based activities for people with dementia and their carers…and increase their social contacts within their community</span></em><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and thereby promote wellbeing.</span></p><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The concept of well-being has attracted many definitions. The Department of Health&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">states that: ‘Well-being is about feeling good and functioning well and comprises an individual\'s experience of their life and a comparison of life circumstances with social norms and values. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Furthermore, the Department of Health\'s&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">description of well-being posits that it exists in two dimensions, with a subjective or personal perspective, based on life satisfaction and an objective perspective, based on assumptions about fundamental human needs and rights. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">In contrast,</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;identified well-being to have personal, cultural and social dimensions. Psychosocial approaches to dementia provide humanistic explanations that consider psychological and social factors as influential in the maintenance of well-being</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Kitwood conceived well-being and personhood differently from previous models which adopted a medical and behavioural focus</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> Kitwood stressed the importance of personhood and person-centred care as fundamental to achieving well-being and defined personhood as a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being, by others, it implies recognition, respect and trust</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"> Using this definition of personhood ‘well-being’ is enhanced by the presence of recognition and respect received from others.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">An increasing number of non-pharmacological interventions </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">have emerged to enable people to live as well as possible with dementia; one particular area is the potential of music as an effective way to enhance well-being. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">However, a distinction is helpful between music provision for people living with dementia and music therapy which are considered two different approaches to delivering music. For example, music-based interventions with a therapeutic goal may need to draw on the skills of both musicians and therapists to apply musical parameters, tailored to an individual\'s needs to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Music therapy is a psychological intervention, delivered by Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) registered music therapists and has been applied to people living with dementia to support their psychological, emotional, cognitive, physical, communicative and social needs. Much evidence exists about music therapy including data from systematic reviews.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">it has undertaken a Cochrane Review to assess whether music therapy (MT) can diminish behavioural and cognitive problems or improve social and emotional functioning for people with dementia. Ten studies were included in this review although the authors report that the methodological quality of these small, short‐term studies was generally poor, as was the presentation of results; no useful conclusions could be drawn. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This review was updated by those&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">who aimed to assess the effects of music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia on emotional well-being including quality of life, mood disturbance or negative affect, behavioural problems, social behaviour and cognition at the end of therapy and four or more weeks after the end of treatment. 22 studies with 1097 randomised participants were included and the authors reported that the quality of the evidence was moderate for depression, overall behavioural problems and agitation or aggression at the end of treatment. For all other outcomes, it was low or very low. The authors also commented that the quality of reporting for some trials was poor. </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">All of the reviewed trials were undertaken in nursing homes or hospitals. A further systematic review to determine the effect of music therapy (MT) on cognitive functions in people living with dementia was undertaken</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Of 1089 potentially relevant records, 110 studies were assessed for eligibility, and 7 met the inclusion criteria, of which 6 contained appropriate data for meta-analysis (330 participants, mean age range 78.8–86.3). </span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Overall, random-effects meta-analyses suggested no significant effects of MT on all outcomes. Critiques of therapeutic approaches relate to the quality of studies involved in the Cochrane Reviews undertaken to date, although some evidence also highlights the benefits of prescribed therapy that can be personalised to meet the needs and skill level of the individual</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></li></ul><p id=\"para0020\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Music provision that is not considered music therapy (MT), in contrast, may be considered a leisure activity to contribute to individual well-being in dementia and an activity that can be enjoyed in its own right without the therapeutic connotations&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">or indeed a focus on ‘behaviours that challenge</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The potential impact of music and well-being in dementia has mainly materialised in response to the increasing acknowledgement of the accessibility and applicability of music in various settings with people experiencing dementia in different ways. The Commission on Dementia and Music and the International Longevity Centre UK (ILC-UK)</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;examined the existing landscape and future potential of using music-based initiatives concluding that ‘</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Music can promote a range of hugely beneficial outcomes for people with dementia….and when it is used appropriately and in a meaningful way, the use of music has no known negative impacts</span></em><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. One possible explanation is that music can be more accessible for people with dementia when compared to non-musical forms of activity: enabling opportunities for&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/reminiscence\" title=\"Learn more about reminiscence from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">reminiscence</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;and positive expressions of well-being</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A further explanation would implicate the person\'s Procedural Memory (PM) which despite the level of impairment caused by dementia, enables certain activities to remain preserved and relatively resistant to decline including engagement with music</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. However, caution is required when assuming that music has no known negative effects, as music may incite unwanted memories as well as positive memories.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/5e1665ce-6e02-4323-b7dc-8f7b7c9bb10c.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p id=\"para0020\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/7409f0c2-d38e-4cd6-834a-269bacb1d83c.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><p id=\"para0021\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Recent reviews on&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/psychosocial-intervention\" title=\"Learn more about psychosocial interventions from ScienceDirect\'s AI-generated Topic Pages\" class=\"topic-link\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">psychosocial interventions</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;in dementia concluded that there was evidence for enhanced well-being via music-based approaches </span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">as well as the potential of music to address declining cognition, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QOL) in dementia</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. In addition, the sharing of music within a group can have a beneficial psychosocial impact on the person with dementia and their care partners</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. A critical review of the participative arts in dementia</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;suggests that music-based interventions may have higher benefits when compared with alternate art practices.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;found increased happiness in residents and staff exposed to music interventions and intimate live music performances have been shown to have a positive effect on human contact, care relationships, positive emotions and negative emotions in persons living with dementia in nursing homes&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">reported on the positive impact of concert performances on the wellbeing of people living with dementia showing increased levels of cooperation, interaction, and conversation.</span></p><p id=\"para0022\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Yet, much of this evidence relates to residential, nursing and hospital settings despite estimations that two-thirds of people living with dementia in the UK continue to live in their own homes (Wittenberg, Hu, and Barraza-Araiza, 2019)</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, a desire that has been the penned as ‘ageing in place</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Service developments are driven by commitments to enabling ageing in place</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;resulting in increasing quantities of community-based dementia support services. There is somehow evidence of community-based music initiatives including the BUDI&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;from Bournemouth University and a community-based group singing intervention with people with early-stage dementia and their family carers.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Nevertheless, despite the growing quantity of evidence on the benefits of exposure to music, much of the research has occurred in residential care or nursing homes</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The importance of music for people remaining in their own homes and attending community groups is under-represented</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. This paper contributes to knowledge of the benefits of a live music café involving people living with dementia who remain in the community and care partners. Our work directly responds to contemporary policy recommendations of enhancing well-being post-diagnosis, while also addressing the current gap in knowledge about the benefit of live music for people living with dementia in the community.</span></p><div><br></div></section><section id=\"sec0002\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"></section>','2022-10-18 13:41:36.656804','uploads/news/Event_Live_Back-to-Blackbrick_1-1024x683.jpg',1,'Wellbeing, Space and Society','Music-based initiatives cover a wide range of activity, including music therapy in either an individual or group capacity, choirs, orchestral performances, and apps on digital technology enabling people to engage with individual playlists. The impact of live music performances on the wellbeing of people living with dementia in the community is less well understood.',6,168,'Science direct'),(47386,'The climate crisis is real and urgent action is needed for Africa and the World - insights into COP27','the-climate-crisis-is-real-and-urgent-action-is-needed-for-africa-and-the-world-insights-into-cop27','2023-01-22 05:57:00.392081','<div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Africa, being a developing nation, is being impacted by the extreme effects of climate change whilst being in the past, present or the future and needs the support of the wealthy nations. With that being said, the dark outlook of climate change has already been forecasted by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change on how our future earth is predicted to look like.</span></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">The outcome of climate change by Atwoli and other researchers</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">There is no doubt that climate change is going to cause havoc as species are going to go extinct, climate hazards such as floods and heatwaves are going to exacerbate, and there is going to be an ecosystem collapse. Atwoli and other research scholars mention that the outcomes of climate change are connected to&nbsp; mental and physical health problems with indirect and direct consequences of mortality and morbidity. Further, to succumb these negative outcomes of climate change across the globe, there were 231 health journalists in 2021 that put forward, — “that the rise in global temperature must be limited to less than 1·5o C compared with pre-industrial levels”.&nbsp; An adaptation measure that has been discussed in 2015 for developing nations to combat climate change is related to climate finance but implementation has not been finalized as yet. Moreover, the fifth Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change known as COP27 in 2022 was specifically organised by a developing nation such as Egypt in Africa. Preceding the COP27 conference in Egypt there was discussion around an urgent call for action where COP supports vulnerable communities and pays attention to climate justice in Africa. This demand was prioritized as Africa’s health needs to be maintained, as it will leave a positive health impact to the rest of the World.&nbsp;</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">Africa’s stance on the climate crisis</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">Africa alone contributes a small portion of the climate crisis but is being affected the most. One of the detrimental effects of climate change is regarding health pertaining to social and environmental determinants. Health impacts lead to environmental shocks which eventually have social effects on humans and their health. Environmental shocks caused by the climate crisis include: drought, reduced food production, floods and reduced labour productivity. For instance, “droughts in sub-Saharan Africa have tripled between 1970–79 and 2010–19.7 In 2018, devastating cyclones impacted 2·2 million people in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock”. Moreover the after effects of floods have caused a chaos in environmental hygiene, which leads to many diseases that mostly spread in Sub-Saharan Africa such as “malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus disease, West Nile virus, and other infections.” Additionally, the rising sea levels caused by the floods have led to water-borne diseases being spread rapidly amongst the people affected by the floods. Due to the climate crisis alone the article states that 1.7 million deaths annually are occurring and there is a 50% increase from 2012 with regards to malnutrition. The article also highlights, “in all, it is estimated that the climate crisis has destroyed a fifth of the gross domestic product of the countries most vulnerable to climate shocks.”&nbsp;</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">Africa’s position in the climate crisis</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">Africa is a country that contributes the least to the global cumulative emissions. The statistics show the following: “North America and Europe have contributed 62% of carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution, whereas Africa has contributed only 3%.” The impact of climate change results in further issues in Africa pertaining to forced migration, poverty, infectious diseases and globalized systems. The article also mentions that COVID-19 showed an active response from medical personnel\'s related to health, however, the intense research should not only be related to the pandemic risks. The research mentions that Africa must be prioritized in conferences, “instead, it is imperative that the suffering of front-line nations, including those in Africa, be the core consideration at COP27; in an interconnected world, leaving countries to the mercy of environmental shocks creates instability that has severe consequences for all nations.”</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The article mentions that the way forward with the climate crisis is by adapting to climate change through climate finance where US$100 billion is globally critical as many societies are in the face of the climate crisis. The solution is through increasing resilience to the unforeseen future events of the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by the vulnerable nations with support from the wealthy nations. It has been said that disaster relief is not reliable but rather financing adaptation which is much more cost-effective.&nbsp;</div><h3 class=\"\"><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">The reason we are in a climate crisis</span></div></h3><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The article describes the reason for the climate crisis being a global inaction, which is coming at a great cost to humans and the environment. The effects are not solely on African countries but to the entire world. The article further mentions that wealthy nations have a part to play, “Africa is united with other front-line regions in urging wealthy nations to finally step up, if for no other reason than that the crises in Africa will sooner rather than later spread and engulf all corners of the globe, by which time it may be too late to effectively respond. If so far wealthy countries have failed to be persuaded by moral arguments, then hopefully their self-interest will now prevail.”</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https://www.greenieweb.co/\" target=\"_blank\">Greenie Web</a> - a story of hope in the climate crisis</h3><div style=\"text-align: justify; \">Climate change cannot be solved through a single solution but through a combination of innovative solutions. One such novel method is digital decarbonization - which is the process of reducing carbon emissions associated with digital infrastructure. <a href=\"https://www.greenieweb.co/\" target=\"_blank\">Greenie Web</a> is a Singapore-headquartered startup that specialises in digital decarbonization and sustainable digitization. The startup’s mission is to empower governments and corporations to reduce the carbon footprint of their existing digital infrastructure - enabling all parties to progress in the green transition. Forging robust partnerships with ClimateTech startups such as Greenie Web can enable governments and corporations to boost their green transition action plans. The innovation and agility of such startups will enable governments and corporations to test-bed the latest solutions in a short period of time; fast-tracking ingenious solutions for the benefit of all.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br></div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">The time to act is now. Let us unite for climate action.</div><div style=\"text-align: justify; \"><br></div>','2022-10-19 18:29:01.081146','uploads/news/pexels-markus-spiske-2990605.jpg',1,'eBioMedicine','Africa, being a developing nation, is being impacted by the extreme effects of climate change whilst being in the past, present or the future and needs the support of the wealthy nations. With that being said, the dark outlook of climate change has already been forecasted by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change on how our future earth is predicted to look like.The way forward with the climate crisis is by adapting to climate change through climate finance where US$100 billion is globally critical as many societies are in the face of the climate crisis. The solution is through increasing resilience to the unforeseen future events of the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by the vulnerable nations with support from the wealthy nations. It has been said that disaster relief is not reliable but rather financing adaptation which is much more cost-effective. Greenie Web, a Singapore-based Start-up offers a tool that accelerates the reduction of emissions and reduces energy to prevent further blackouts in Africa. A call out to Governments and corporates to start looking at a digital decarbonization and energy reduction tool to achieve sustainable digitization. Act now so we are not suffering with the climate crisis in the future.',13,164,'<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-48451866-7fff-9ba3-f1c4-7f54b2ffa481\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-left: 28pt;text-align: justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:12pt;\"><div></div><p></p></p><ul><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The lancet | the best science for better lives</i> (no date). Available at: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf (Accessed: January 21, 2023).</li><li style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"><i style=\"text-indent: -1cm;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Photo by Markus Spiske on Pexels</i><span style=\"text-indent: -1cm;\"> (no date). Available at: https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-street-earth-sign-2990605/ (Accessed: January 21, 2023).</span></li></ul><p style=\"margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;\"> </p></span>'),(48589,'Sleep quality epidemiological studies can help in improving mental public health initiatives and development of better sleep technology','sleep-quality-epidemiological-studies-can-help-in-improving-mental-public-health-initiatives-and-development-of-better-sleep-technology','2022-10-20 19:51:20.702244','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">We all want our\r\ncomplete day to go well. We want to complete our work with full enthusiasm. But\r\nthe key parameter is that if we complete our sleep at the proper time. On\r\naverage it is considered to dedicate 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Proper sleep leads\r\nto an increase in an optimistic mindset. It helps in dealing with the completely hectic scheduled day in an improvised way.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">We on our own will\r\nagree to the fact when we complete our sleep hours, we feel energetic for the\r\ncomplete day. We take our problems in a positive way and overcome them. We\r\nfulfill our deadlines. Also, we don’t want our day to end just yorning and\r\nfeeling lazy the complete day. We just don’t need to consume any kind of\r\ncaffeine to stay awake</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">The importance of sleep is\r\nknown to many of us, but are we known for its impact on our life? How is\r\nsleep quality impacting our lives? Are we aware?</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-20/1b08c718-0e7c-4e48-ba33-34539c0eae2c.webp\" style=\"width: 247px; height: 247px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">This awareness is yet\r\npoor even in today\'s 21st century. We always tend to gain updates about new\r\ntechnologies and developments through the internet, but we never take the urge to\r\nlearn about our sleep. We never spend time to learn how sleep actually affects\r\nour health or how it is actually affecting us.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">It is really very important to be aware of our sleeping habits and keep improving them.&nbsp;Poor sleep quality meets us\r\nwith major health problems. It also includes neuro-cardiovascular problems.\r\nConsidering these health problems, it is very important to develop technologies that will identify these problems, and also help in recovering and improving them. Especially, it is an essential factor for today’s youth where sleep deprivation\r\nis a major issue to deal with. </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">A recent study examining various people from different ethnic backgrounds resulted that more\r\nthan 27% reported poor sleep quality. This study gives us a clear view to\r\nincorporate contributing factors that can help in improving sleeping quality\r\nand improve the overall health with an increased mindset.&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">For this purpose,\r\nepidemiological sleep data must be analyzed in different countries having\r\nsocioeconomic and sociodemographic variations. This regional-based study will\r\nhelp in improving personal and professional life performance.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Enhancing the sleep\r\nquality has been proven to improve mental health. Thus when epidemiological\r\nstudies in different regions will not only help in identifying the problems,\r\nbut it will also help in planning for the health initiatives and developments\r\nthat can help in overcoming these problems</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">In past decades, overlapping\r\npathways using genome-wide association studies <span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(</span></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">GWAS)</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> of related disease has\r\nopened a completely new area of sleep research.</span> <o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">As per studies,\r\nconsidering all the scenarios, and dealing with all the issues, it is very\r\nnecessary to develop technologies for this. Thus, through AI/ML we can achieve\r\na way to develop sleep-related technology. AI/ML- based sleep technology and\r\nstudying the impact of sleep quality through sleep epidemiological studies are\r\nproper ways for improving the overall human health at the community, regional as\r\nwell as international levels.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>','2022-10-19 19:46:49.817540','uploads/news/sleep1111.jpg',1,'Sleep Epidemiology','Sleep quality epidemiological studies can help in improving mental public health initiatives and development of better sleep technology.',5,8,'<dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sbref0001\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">1.YY&nbsp;Lee,&nbsp;JH&nbsp;Lau,&nbsp;JA&nbsp;Vaingankar,&nbsp;R&nbsp;Sambasivam,&nbsp;S&nbsp;Shafie,&nbsp;BY&nbsp;Chua,&nbsp;WL&nbsp;Chow,&nbsp;E&nbsp;Abdin,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Subramaniam</span><div id=\"ref-id-sbref0001\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Sleep quality of Singapore residents: findings from the 2016 Singapore mental health study</span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Sleep Med X,&nbsp;4&nbsp;(100043)&nbsp;(2022),&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100043</span></a></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; white-space: normal;\"><br></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sbref0002\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">2.JK&nbsp;Sinha,&nbsp;K&nbsp;Vashisth,&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Ghosh</span><div id=\"ref-id-sbref0002\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">The importance of sleep studies in improving the health indices of a nation</span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Sleep Med X,&nbsp;4&nbsp;(2022), Article&nbsp;100049,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100049</span></a></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; white-space: normal;\"><br></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sbref0003\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">3.AJ&nbsp;Scott,&nbsp;TL&nbsp;Webb,&nbsp;M&nbsp;Martyn-St James,&nbsp;G&nbsp;Rowse,&nbsp;S&nbsp;Weich</span><div id=\"ref-id-sbref0003\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials</span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Sleep Med Rev,&nbsp;60&nbsp;(2021), Article&nbsp;101556,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556</span></a></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; white-space: normal;\"><br></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sbref0004\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">4.JE&nbsp;Ferrie,&nbsp;M&nbsp;Kumari,&nbsp;P&nbsp;Salo,&nbsp;A&nbsp;Singh-Manoux,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Kivimäki</span><div id=\"ref-id-sbref0004\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Sleep epidemiology–a rapidly growing field</span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Int J Epidemiol,&nbsp;40&nbsp;(6)&nbsp;(2011), pp.&nbsp;1431-1437,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">10.1093/ije/dyr203</span></a></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; white-space: normal;\"><br></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sbref0005\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">5.S&nbsp;Myllyntausta,&nbsp;E&nbsp;Kronholm,&nbsp;A&nbsp;Pulakka,&nbsp;J&nbsp;Pentti,&nbsp;M&nbsp;Virtanen,&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Stenholm</span><div id=\"ref-id-sbref0005\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Associations of sleep and individual characteristics with accelerometer-measured catch-up sleep among older employees</span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Sleep Epidemiology,&nbsp;2&nbsp;(2022), Article&nbsp;100021,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(12, 125, 187); word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100021</span></a></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><br></div></dd>'),(48731,'NASA’s James Webb captures stunning photos of Pillars of Creation','nasas-james-webb-captures-stunning-photos-of-pillars-of-creation','2022-10-20 22:15:17.114779','<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\"><font color=\"#2b2b2b\" face=\"Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif\" style=\"\">&nbsp;American NASA\'s&nbsp; James Webb Telescope....has captured a lush, detailed view of the majestic ‘Pillars of Creation. The towering tendrils of dust and gas within the Eagle Nebula. NASA wrote unveiling the photos, the permeable pillars that look like solid rock formations are made of interstellar gases and occasionally appear semi-transparent in near-infrared light.</font></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\"><font color=\"#2b2b2b\" face=\"Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif\"><br></font></span></i></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\"><font color=\"#2b2b2b\" face=\"Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif\" style=\"\"><b>What are the pillars of creation?</b></font></span></p><ul><li style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">﻿An active star-forming region- they are part of \'Eagle Nebula\' Located 6,500 light-years away in the constellation Serpens.</span></li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">These fascinating pillars are located at the heart of Nebula(cloud of gas and dust in outer space) which in itself spans 70 by 55 light-years.</span></li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">These all pillars are made up of molecular hydrogen gas and dust and they were first captured in 1995 by the Hubble Space Telescope. The new detailed view will help the scientists to make precise counts of newly formed stars as well as the quantity of gas and dust present there, NASA informed.</span></li></ul><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><br></span></p><p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-20/9c8e718a-ada0-4e35-94a7-ec42a530ea8e.png\" style=\"text-align: justify; width: 100%; float: left;\" class=\"note-float-left\"><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><font color=\"#2b2b2b\" face=\"Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></font></div></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">On&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">the formation of stars, NASA explains that turbulence within these clouds creates high-density regions called - knots. Once formed, these knots containing sufficient mass within the cloud, begin to collapse under their gravity, creating new stars. It also described the wavy lines at the edge of some pillars as ejections. Acting like supersonic jets - they come from the stars still forming and colliding with the pillars.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The blue color in the image indicates oxygen, while red sulfur and green nitrogen, and hydrogen. The young stars located outside the frame illuminate the columns, giving dramatic visual effects which highlight the 3-D nature of the clouds. However, the winds from these stars are gradually eroding the pillars.</span></p><p data-t=\"{&quot;n&quot;:&quot;blueLinks&quot;}\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Still, these clouds have been able to survive the enormous ultraviolet light coming from all the hot, massive newborn stars. The Nebula - first discovered in 1745 by a Swiss astronomer Jean-Philippe Loys de Chéseaux - can be spotted through telescopes under optimal conditions. The month of July is the best time to view it.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><br></span></p>','2022-10-20 08:56:52.874186','uploads/news/Eagle_nebula_pillars_of_creation_.webp',1,'Hindustan Times','American NASA\'s  James Webb Telescope....has captured a lush, detailed view of the majestic ‘Pillars of Creation. The towering tendrils of dust and gas within the Eagle Nebula. NASA wrote unveiling the photos, the permeable pillars that look like solid rock formations are made of interstellar gases and occasionally appear semi-transparent in near-infrared light.',6,1,'<p><a href=\"https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/nasas-james-webb-captures-stunning-photos-of-pillars-of-creation-5-points-101666250334426.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/nasas-james-webb-captures-stunning-photos-of-pillars-of-creation-5-points-101666250334426.html</a><br></p>'),(48732,'Moon Formed in Mere Hours After Catastrophic Collision of Planets, New Study Suggests','moon-formed-mere-hours-after-catastrophic-collision-planets-new-study-suggests','2022-10-20 22:18:49.887484','<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">For almost five decades.....astronomers have believed that the Moon was created after Earth collided with a protoplanet called Theia. However, a new model has shed light on exactly how this may have happened. The paper published in The Astrophysical Journal letter suggests that it was formed immediately after the protoplanet Theia crashed into our planet. The simulations used in this research are some of the most detailed of their kind, operating at the highest resolution of any simulation run to study the moon’s origins or other giant impacts, said a NASA release.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\"><br></font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">\"What we have learned is that it is very hard to predict how much resolution you need to simulate these violent and complex collisions reliably – you simply have to keep testing until you find that increasing the resolution even further stops making a difference to the answer you get,\" Jacob Kegerreis, a computational cosmologist at Durham University in England, told the press.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-20/666b0cb3-51c2-47e1-8c03-df3112a9c315.png\" style=\"width: 698px;\"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\"><br></font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\"><br></font></p><h3 style=\"text-align: justify; \" class=\"\"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\"><b>Conclusion of Theories :</b></font></h3><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">&nbsp; Earlier theories could explain some aspects of the properties of the moon quite well such as its mass and orbit with major caveats.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">In this theory, more earth material is used to create the moon, particularly its outer layers, which helps explain this similarity in composition.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">There have been other theories proposed to explain these similarities in composition, such as the synestia model (where﻿ the moon is formed inside a swirl of vapourised rock from the collision) but these arguably struggle to explain the moon’s current orbit.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">This faster, single-stage formation theory could also lead to answers for other mysteries, potentially explaining properties like the moon’s tilted orbit and thin crust.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">As scientists gain access to samples from other parts of the moon and deeper beneath the moon’s surface, simulated scenarios will be able to indicate how the moon has evolved over billions of years.</font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Helvetica\">“The more we learn about how the moon came to be, the more we discover about the evolution of our earth,” said Vincent Eke, a researcher at Durham University and a co-author of the paper.</font></p>','2022-10-20 10:34:27.513109','uploads/news/moon.webp',1,'News from Sputnik','Billions of years ago, the earth was hit by an object the size of Mars, called Theia—and out of that collision the moon was formed. How exactly that formation occurred is a scientific puzzle researchers have studied for decades.',6,1,'<p><a href=\"https://sputniknews.com/20221006/moon-formed-in-mere-hours-after-catastrophic-collision-of-planets-new-study-suggests-1101576747.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://sputniknews.com/20221006/moon-formed-in-mere-hours-after-catastrophic-collision-of-planets-new-study-suggests-1101576747.html</a><br></p>'),(48733,'Fruit flies yield clues to a good night\'s sleep','fruit-flies-yield-clues-good-nights-sleep','2022-10-20 22:12:13.116627','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">New research provides\r\nclues to falling fast asleep -- or lying wide awake. While studying fruit\r\nflies, researchers observed that the brain neurons adopt the flies to stay\r\nawake during dangerous situations despite tiredness and help them in falling\r\nasleep after a hectic day. This research is published in PLOS Biology. It can\r\nhelp in improving sleep quality and treating insomnia among people.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-20/b0bf152a-b26d-4580-ab3d-241e2a6afe55.jpg\" style=\"width: 359.532px; height: 239.219px;\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">\"If you\'re sick\r\nor sleep deprived, or you\'ve just learned something new, you sleep more,\"\r\nsaid co-corresponding author Paul Shaw, PhD, a professor of neuroscience at\r\nWashington University. \"But if something dangerous is happening, your\r\nbrain says, \'No, no, no, no. It\'s not time to go to sleep. I don\'t care how\r\ntired you are.\' The neurons that regulate sleep can tell the difference between\r\nsleep when it\'s safe and sleep when it\'s dangerous.\"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">The sleeping habits of\r\nfruit flies and humans are almost similar. As normal humans, fruit flies too stay active during the day time, sleep at night, and take a nap in the afternoon. A most interesting\r\nfact is that caffeine keeps them awake, and the drugs used by humans for sleep\r\nshowed results on flies too.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Talking about the\r\ndifference, the brain of a fruit fly is a million times smaller than that of a human.\r\nThus, due to the small size, researchers can study the role of each neuron.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;The researchers focused on 24 brain neurons\r\nthat control the sleep cycle of a fly. These neurons receive and respond to sleep\r\nsignals sent by other neurons via chemical messengers known as\r\nneurotransmitters.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">The researchers\r\nexamined the signals that affect the sleep cycle and how those 24 neurons\r\nrespond to the neurotransmitters. The signals include Dopamine, which promotes\r\nwakefulness; Glutamate, which promotes sleep; and Allatostatin A, which also\r\npromotes wakefulness. Allatostatin A was previously known to play a role in\r\nfeeding behaviors, but now researchers have discovered that it also plays a\r\nrole in regulating sleep. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">As normal human behavior,\r\nwe tend to sleep more after a hectic challenging day. This is the same case\r\nwith flies. Researchers revealed that living in a crowded environment trigger molecular\r\nchanges in the sleep neurons of flies. This makes them less reactive to\r\ndopamine, thus increasing sleep. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;During the study, researchers alarmed the\r\nflies by periodically shaking the vials. Vials are where the flies live during\r\ntheir sleeping hours. By this, the flies’ brains produced allatostatin A and\r\nglutamate. These two opposite sleep signals kept the flies awake. This help flies\r\nto even stay awake despite tiredness to deal with dangerous situations. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">\"A lot of people\r\ndon\'t sleep well, and we really don\'t know why,\" Shaw said. \"Our data\r\nsuggests that there is a genetic predisposition to how neurological signals are\r\ninterpreted by sleep centers in the brain. If the system goes astray, then you\r\nget these conflicting signals: You\'re tired, but you can\'t fall asleep. By\r\nunderstanding how these conflicting signals can arise, we can begin to think\r\nabout how we might design therapeutics for people.\"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">The researchers also\r\nexamined the sleep changes to variations in dietary habits. They normally\r\neat through the complete day, but for the observations researchers allowed flies to\r\naccess food between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. After a week, the flies\' sleep neurons\r\nwere more sensitive to dopamine, and the sensitivity persisted for days after\r\nreturning to a normal feeding schedule. The flies slept less, but they didn’t\r\nshow any sort of tiredness. This showed that the quality of sleep has improved\r\namong them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">\"Time-restricted\r\neating is a hot topic right now,\" Shaw said. \"The claim is that\r\nconfining your food intake to certain hours of the day will help you sleep\r\nbetter and maintain a healthy weight. The evidence that this works in people is\r\nmixed. But in flies, our data suggests sleep quality improves with\r\ntime-restricted feeding. It\'s possible that there\'s an intersection between\r\ntime-restricted feeding and sleep regulation that we can take advantage of to\r\nhelp people sleep better.\"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-20 21:10:54.964808','uploads/news/fruit_fly.jpg',1,'Washington University School of Medicine','New research provides clues to falling fast asleep -- or lying wide awake. While studying fruit flies, researchers observed that the brain neurons adopt the flies to stay awake during dangerous situations despite tiredness and help them in falling asleep after a hectic day. This research is published in PLOS Biology. It can help in improving sleep quality and treating insomnia among people.',5,10,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Stephane Dissel, Markus K. Klose, Bruno van Swinderen, Lijuan Cao, Melanie Ford, Erica M. Periandri, Joseph D. Jones, Zhaoyi Li, Paul J. Shaw.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Sleep-promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">PLOS Biology</em>, 2022; 20 (9): e3001797 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001797\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1371/journal.pbio.3001797</a></li></ol>'),(48734,'Scientists Found A Mysterious Diamond From Outer Space','scientists-found-mysterious-diamond-outer-space','2022-10-21 14:14:46.321235','<p class=\"MsoNormal\">4.5 billion years ago Scientists expect that the diamond formed\r\nafter a collision between a dwarf planet and a large asteroid. Researchers from\r\nAustralia and the United Kingdom confirmed that according to their recent study,\r\nA mysterious diamond from an ancient dwarf planet has found its way to the earth’s\r\nsurface. This all things begin when Andy&nbsp;\r\nTomkins, geologist, and professor at Australia’s Monash University, was\r\ndoing fieldwork categorizing meteors, CNN reported this.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">In a space rock in Africa’s northwest, he detected a\r\npeculiar “bent” diamond. According to the study, what was found in the meteorite\r\nwas a rare hexagonal stone which is known as lonsdaleite. And which was formed from\r\na supercritical fluid at high temperatures and moderate pressures. “Later Lonsdaleite\r\nwas partially replaced by a diamond as the environment cooled and the pressure\r\ndecreased” an article published by RMIT university Tomkin said.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-21/2c529bf9-0d32-4e60-ac06-d1b5cb924fca.png\" style=\"width: 473.996px;\"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;Researchers expect the\r\ndiamond to have formed after the collision happens between the dwarf planet and\r\na large asteroid about 4.5 billion years ago. There’s strong evidence that\r\nthere’s a newly discovered formation process for the lonsdaleite and regular\r\ndiamond, which is like a supercritical chemical vapor deposition process that\r\nhas taken place in these space rocks, probably in the dwarf planet shortly\r\nafter a catastrophic collision,” RMIT professor Dougal McCulloch said.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">It has been also discovered that lonsdaleite may be tougher\r\nthan typical diamonds, which have a cubic structure. Its peculiar creation may\r\nhave significant technological applications….according to academics. “Nature has provided us with a process to try and replicate\r\nin industry,\" Professor Tomkins said. \"We think that lonsdaleite\r\ncould be used to make tiny, ultra-hard machine parts if we can develop an\r\nindustrial process that promotes the replacement of pre-shaped graphite parts\r\nby lonsdaleite.”</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p></o:p></p>','2022-10-21 09:52:40.233998','uploads/news/diamond.webp',1,'NDTV','A mysterious diamond from an ancient dwarf planet found its way to Earth surface\'s, researchers from the Australia and the United Kingdom have confirmed in a recent study. It all began when Andy Tomkins, geologist and professor at Australia\'s Monash University, was doing fieldwork categorising meteors, CNN reported.',6,1,'<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/a-mystery-diamond-from-outer-space-has-been-found-by-researchers-9196981.html</span><br></p>'),(48797,'Non cognitive skills and childcare attendance','non-cognitive-skills-and-childcare-attendance','2022-11-01 16:30:30.488769','<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">This research, analyzes the impact of formal childcare attendance at ages 0–2 on children’s attitudes toward schooling and also on social behavior at the end of the subjects’ first year of primary school and the end of high school. We compare children who attended formal childcare with children who were looked after at home, but who otherwise shared similar characteristics, both in terms of family characteristics and in the terms of the probability of having access to formal childcare in Italy... where the service is rationed. It is shown and found that having attended formal childcare significantly improves school readiness and social behavior in elementary school but that this impact disappears in high school. The effects are larger for boys and children of mothers with lower educational attainment and of fathers in low-level occupations.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-01/5deb2ed9-1b5e-4cc3-96bc-0d46c796180d.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8; font-family: Georgia, Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">They performed factor analysis separately on each area (attitude towards schooling and social behavior); the questions used for each category are reported in below...</span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8; font-family: Georgia, Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>For the youngest cohort, questions about school, answered by either the mother or the child, identified three factors was as:</b></span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">1.</span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"></p><ul></ul><p></p><ol class=\"u-list-style-none\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; font-family: Georgia, Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">1.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The child reports liking school, reading, and math, and the mother reports that she did not have difficulties in having an interest in classes when starting primary school (Factor 1);</span></p></li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">2.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The mother reports no difficulties in having interest, sitting still, and obeying (Factor 2);</span></p></li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">3.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The mother reports no difficulties in eating and some difficulties in staying focused (Factor 3).</span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p></li></ol><ol class=\"u-list-style-none\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; font-family: Georgia, Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"></li></ol><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"></p><ul></ul><p></p><ul><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Questions about social interaction and behavior led to these three factors:</b></span></li></ul><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right;\">1.</span></p><ol class=\"u-list-style-none\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; font-family: Georgia, Palatino, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">1.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Positive prosocial behavior reported by the mother, the child reports lending to friends and returning favors (Factor 1);</span></p></li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">2.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The child reports not taking revenge on her peers, the mother reports no conduct and hyperactivity problems, good prosocial behavior (peers problems) (Factor 2);</span></p></li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">3.</span><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">No emotional, conduct, or peer problems (Factor 3)</span>.</p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-01/580938de-84e3-47e2-b33d-7c82bccd0ca4.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><br></p></li></ol><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" id=\"App1\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.24; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b>Appendix B: Score computation...</b></span></h3><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\">We hereby report the admission criteria applied in infant-toddler centers in Parma, Padua, and Reggio Emilia that we use to calculate the score that the child would get if their parents applied for a place in an infant-toddler center. We use the score as an exogenous determinant of the probability of using formal childcare.</p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\">As described in the identification strategy, we could not recover the admission criteria applied in the three cities in the relevant years. We thus used the oldest admission criteria that we could identify in the three cities. In particular, while for Reggio Emilia we could track back admission criteria applied in 2013–2014, for Parma and Padua we have to rely on criteria used in 2015–2016. As for Parma and Reggio Emilia, comparing the admission criteria that we apply and the latest available (respectively, 2017–2018 and 2016–2017), the criteria remained the same; as for Padua, while the criteria applied in 2017–2018 are the same as in 2015–2016, the score associated with each item slightly changed. In general, changes are small enough not to raise concerns about our approximation of past admission criteria with more recent ones.</p><p></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"></p><ol class=\"u-list-style-none\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none;\"></ol><p></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right;\">2.</span></p><ul><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\">Some emotional symptoms, good prosocial behavior (no hyperactivity according to the mother) (Factor 2)</li></ul><p></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"><span class=\"u-custom-list-number\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; float: left; width: 3em; padding-right: 0.5em; margin-left: -3.5em; text-align: right;\">3.</span></p><ul><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\">No peer problems (according to the mother and to the child) (Factor 3); In Parma, the admission score depends on characteristics of the household, the working status of the parents, and other conditions.</li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"> In particular, the score is attributed depending on the number of children in the household; the health conditions of parents, children, or other relatives (including grandparents); the presence of both parents; employment status and job characteristics of the parents; children in households suffering particularly severe conditions In Padua, priority is given to disabled children; the score depends on the presence of disabled persons in the households,&nbsp; employment status of the parents, number of siblings, the distance between home and job location.</li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\"> In Reggio Emilia, the highest priority is given to disabled children or children in households with particularly severe conditions, as evaluated by the local health agency. </li><li style=\"box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; line-height: 1.8;\">The score then depends on the presence of both parents, their employment status (including characteristics of the contract and working hours), the presence of other children, the health conditions of the parents, or particular socio-economic conditions of the households.</li></ul><p></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\"></p>','2022-10-21 17:20:01.358315','uploads/news/Education-elementary-class-featured-.jpg',1,'Springer -  Economics','analyze the impact of formal childcare attendance at ages 0–2 on children’s attitudes toward schooling and on social behavior at the end of the subjects’ first year of primary school and at the end of high school. We compare children who attended formal childcare with children who were looked after at home, but who otherwise shared similar characteristics, both in terms of family characteristics and in terms of the probability of having access to formal childcare in Italy, where the service is rationed. We find that having attended formal childcare significantly improves school readiness and social behavior in elementary school but that this impact disappears in high school',6,168,'Springer.com'),(49143,'Smart membranes for oil-water emulsions separation: A review','smart-membranes-for-oil-water-emulsions-separation-a-review','2022-10-22 22:14:14.693147','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Pollution is a huge challenge in today\'s time. It is adversely affecting the living life on earth. Starting from the air in the atmosphere to the noise we hear. It is a big barrier to being healthy as it is impacting our health adversely.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;One type of that includes water pollution. Water pollution is generally caused due to the harmful waste released in the water by industries, domestic reasons, oil leakage in petroleum, etc. This type of pollution mainly affects marine life, but it also affects other lives due to the consumption of this polluted water.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/42184e7e-e13d-4516-b5c8-a65538a7bdc2.jpg\" style=\"width: 328.889px; height: 215.043px;\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><br></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><br></span></font></p><h3 style=\"text-align:justify\" class=\"\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b><u>Keywords:</u></b> water pollution, oily water, oil spills, membrane, fouling, bionics, oil-&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;water separation&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></h3><h3 style=\"text-align:justify\" class=\"\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><br></span></font></h3><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Among all the reasons, there is a huge amount of oily wastewater produced due to oil spills. Oil spill incidents mainly occur due to industrial petroleum operations and processing. Oily wastewater has several adverse effects on the marine environment. This is already witnessed previously during the oil spill that occurred due to petroleum transport pipelines, storage tanks, or transport facilities. Due to the effects of oil spills, marine life is affected to a wide extent. Not only oily water affects marine life, but life outside it. It causes various health problems as this contaminated water can be consumed by humans.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;Several technological ways can be used to separate oil from water:</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">1.&nbsp; &nbsp;Absorption</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">2.&nbsp; &nbsp;Dissolved air flotation</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">3.&nbsp; &nbsp;Coagulation</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">4.&nbsp; &nbsp;Gravity separation</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">5.&nbsp; &nbsp;Biological treatment.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">But all of these methods have some drawbacks such as less removal efficiency, high operational cost, high energy consumption, corrosion, and production of contaminated solid waste.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/1beb7c5c-6953-41e1-bd71-fd07c42cab8a.webp\" style=\"width: 220.698px; height: 222.001px;\"></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">With the widespread of growth in separation technologies, researchers have found that various membranes can be used to overcome the drawbacks of these methods. Membranes have several reasons to be used for oil-water separation. The reasons include that the membranes have a small footprint, they are environment friendly, cost-effective, highly productive, low chemical consumption, steady operation, and they are highly efficient in separation.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">The recent study based on the membrane separation method includes four sections:</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">1.&nbsp; &nbsp;Membrane properties and characterization for oily wastewater separation.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">2.&nbsp; &nbsp;The employed materials to fabricate membranes (i.e. metallic, organic, inorganic, hybrid materials)</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">3.&nbsp; &nbsp;Primary materials for designing membranes (i.e. mixed matrix nanocomposites and multilayer nanocomposites)</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">4.&nbsp; &nbsp;Membrane fabrication techniques and surface modification methods.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">The potential to fabricate membranes with tunable properties has improved for oil and water separation.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">The membrane separation method is very effective for removing oil droplets. However, traditional membranes face the issue of membrane fouling occurring on surfaces and internal structures. This creates limitations for membranes in terms of practical operations.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">&nbsp;</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">But, adopting biometric hierarchical roughness in membrane design has proven to be of great interest. The new generation of membranes based on bionics provides a new way for antifouling oil-water separation.</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><br></p>','2022-10-21 17:32:17.125803','uploads/news/water1.jpg',1,'University of Glasglow','Smart membranes for oil/water emulsions separation: A review',5,45,'<span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Dansawad, P.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Yang, Y.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Li, X.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Shang, X.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Li, Y.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Guo, Z.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Qing, Y.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Zhao, S.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\"><a href=\"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/45454.html\" style=\"border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 157, 236); cursor: pointer; font-size: 1em !important;\">You, S.</a>&nbsp;<span class=\"orcid\"><a href=\"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-7291\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"orcid-icon-citation\" title=\"ORCID: 0000-0003-2175-7291\" style=\"border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 157, 236); cursor: pointer; background-image: url(&quot;../images/iD_icon.png&quot;); background-repeat: no-repeat; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; font-size: 1em !important;\"></a></span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"person\" style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">Li, W.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;\">&nbsp;(2022) Smart membranes for oil/water emulsions separation: a review.&nbsp;</span><em style=\"border: 0px; font-family: &quot;PT Serif&quot;, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\"><a href=\"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/journal_volume/Advanced_Membranes.html\" style=\"border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; font-size: 1em !important;\">Advanced Membranes</a></em>'),(49545,'Exploring the effects of indoor temperature on college students physiological responses cognitive performance and a concentration index derived from EEG signals','exploring-effects-indoor-temperature-college-students-physiological-responses-cognitive-performance-and-concentration-index-derived-eeg-signals','2022-10-22 13:30:44.380770','<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Experimental studies were done on college\r\nstudents in a climate chamber and analyzed the scenes of measured skin temperature,\r\nEGA activity, and task performance of subjects exposed to three temperatures. <span style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;\r\ncolor:#2E2E2E\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The concentration performances of the subject task were\r\nevaluated by measured neurophysiological parameters. Results showed that there\r\nwere gender differences in local skin temperatures and EEG-based concentration\r\nindex at the indoor temperatures to which they were exposed, females’ mean skin\r\ntemperature is more sensitive to temperature steps.</span>&nbsp;</span>The concentration\r\nindex was more affected by cold in the\r\nmale subjects.<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\"> Experimental\r\nresults strongly confirmed that the EEG-based concentration index should be\r\naffected by indoor temperatures.</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">Most\r\nof the young students\' activities are performed indoors. That’s why indoor\r\nenvironmental quality is closely related to their physical state and\r\nperformance. E.g. &nbsp;Chinese higher education enrollment experienced a rapid\r\nincrease over the last decades, reaching 41.8 million by 2020</span>. Universities\r\nhave expanded or renovated many academic buildings focusing on creating an\r\nexcellent cultural environment on campus but have neglected to improve and\r\nenhance the indoor thermal environment. Problems such as high temperature, poor environmental\r\nquality, and poor ventilation often occur in classrooms or study rooms. Students learning efficiency will ultimately be affected at the expense of the quality\r\nof the indoor environment, especially the quality of the thermal environment.&nbsp;The\r\nrelationship between built indoor environment quality and exposure-related physical and cognitive performance has\r\ngained rising attention in a recent study. The collaboration between indoor environment\r\ndesign and physiological disciplines is expected to better understand how the\r\nthermal environment influences the occupants’ productivity performance, which\r\ncan help improve the indoor environment at the early design stage from an\r\nimproving thermal comfort and activity efficiency perspective.<o:p></o:p></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">&nbsp;A large number of previous works investigated how indoor environmental factors\r\nsuch as indoor air quality, acoustic, lighting conditions, and temperature affect\r\noccupants’ thermal comfort and productivity</span>. Previous work found that\r\ntemperature may be perceived as an environmental incentive to exert conscious\r\neffort at temperatures outside the comfort zone. previous studies\r\nsuggest that cognitive task performances for workers and students can be\r\nevaluated through psychological metrics. &nbsp;For example,\r\nenvironmental psychology studies recommend cold color hue of classroom walls in\r\nterms to improve the performance of the students’ cognitive activities. <o:p></o:p></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">&nbsp;</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/a533266e-ced7-4c2c-9f24-505bbd020d5d.png\" style=\"width: 580px;\"></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">Indoor\r\nthermal directly affects human\r\nthermal comfort and efficiency. The\r\npresent study aims to investigate the effects of indoor temperature on college\r\nstudents’ physiological responses. Three indoor temperatures 30</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E\">°</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">C, 26</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E\">°</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">C, and 22</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E\">°</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">C were designed as the test\r\nconditions, and temperature-induced changes of subjects’ local skin temperature\r\nand EEG signal were analyzed.</span> And one experiment was done…..which was………… The experiment recruited 30\r\ncollege students in the age group of 20–27, 15 female and 15 males (Average\r\nage: 23.5, Height range: 160–185<span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\r\ncolor:#2E2E2E\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">cm,\r\nBody mass: 48</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nGeorgia;color:#2E2E2E\">–</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;\r\ncolor:#2E2E2E\">78</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\r\ncolor:#2E2E2E\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">kg,\r\nBMI:18.8</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nGeorgia;color:#2E2E2E\">–</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;\r\ncolor:#2E2E2E\">22.8) all from Qingdao University of Technology, China. All\r\nparticipants were healthy and had no color weakness, neurological deficits, or allergy diseases. In addition, the adolescents were informed to get enough\r\nsleep and abstain from alcohol, tea, and coffee before participating in the\r\nexperiment. They were instructed to wear summer clothing including short\r\nsleeves, comfortable sweatpants, socks, and shoes during the test period, the\r\nclothing insulation was 0.7clo.</span><o:p></o:p></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top:24.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\r\n6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:2\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\r\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#505050;\r\nmso-fareast-language:EN-IN\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;Conclusions:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\r\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#2E2E2E;\r\nmso-fareast-language:EN-IN\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Poor indoor environmental quality may suppress\r\nstudents’ physiological responses, leading to learning efficiency loss.&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:18.0pt;line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\r\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#2E2E2E;\r\nmso-fareast-language:EN-IN\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The main conclusions of this study are as follows:</span></span></p><p id=\"p0260\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\"></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:18.0pt;line-height:normal\"></p><p></p><p></p><dl class=\"list\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; display: block;\"><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">1.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0265\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\">After experiencing temperature steps, local skin temperatures of the female group were more sensitive to indoor temperature change than the male group. It was found that subjects wear summer clothing with a thermal resistance 0.7 clo, the female group showed more significant skin temperature variations during the experimental procedure.</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">2.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0270\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\">Through EEG-based concentration index distribution analysis under different indoor temperatures, the average concentration index was affected by temperature differences, the male group showed a more significant cold resistance performance and less ability to heat stress.</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">3.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0275\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\">Indoor temperature can influence the EEG Beta rhythm of the subjects, concentration index was affected by the exposure temperature, its mean value was highest under 26 °C temperature.</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">4.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0280\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\">Relatively warm or cold indoor temperature-induced longer response time and lower accuracy while subjects performed cognitive tasks, leading to decreasing performance index. The differences in the two indicators highly depend on the type of cognitive task.</p></dd><dt class=\"list-label\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;\">5.</dt><dd class=\"list-description\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;\"><p id=\"p0285\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\">The EEG-based concentration index correlated closely with occupants’ performance index. Thus, it can help maintain relatively high performance by improving indoor thermal comfort design.</p></dd></dl>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(46, 46, 46);\">Future\r\nwork will investigate the physiological responses of a similar experiment under a\r\nheating environment, and conduct the performance in more types of task tests.</span><o:p></o:p></p>','2022-10-21 18:04:06.126679','uploads/news/students.jpg',1,'Developments in the Built Environment, Science direct','ports an experimental study on college students in a climate chamber, analyzed the scenes of measured skin temperature, EEG activity and task performance of subjects exposed to three temperatures.',6,168,'Science Direct'),(49952,'ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE for SUSTAINABLE ORAL HEALTHCARE','artificial-intelligence-for-sustainable-oral-healthcare','2022-10-21 21:19:07.181502','<p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE for SUSTAINABLE ORAL HEALTHCARE</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">Artificial Intelligence is a field that has risen to different levels in recent times. It basically deals with the human work done by machines. It has proven to be a great contributor to many sectors. Even it helps us in our daily life work.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">For increasing sustainability in both developed and developing countries, Software Development Goals(SDG) are incorporated. Oral health acts as an important initial step for achieving SDG.&nbsp;</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">Considering all fields, new technology helps in easing the workload. Similarly, the use of new technology in dentistry will help to improve the treatment methods and thus give a better outcome for people.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">AI in the dentistry field will help in the following ways:</font></p><ol><li><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;It can improve the quality of treatment.</font></li><li><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;It can increase the accuracy of diagnosis.</font></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; It will also improve the quality of prognosis prediction.</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; AI will help dental professionals to maintain the data in a more structured and efficient way.</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;AI will make the sensing of data easier.</span><br></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;AI helps dental professionals to detect various dental problems in an early stage. It even helps in detecting oral cancer.&nbsp;</span></li></ol><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"https://educracypedia.com/media/django-summernote/2022-10-21/377efabd-e488-4f5f-a3f0-5c03eff1fa9a.jpg\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 177.762px;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br></span></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;According to the World Dental Federation, the definition of sustainability in dentistry is:&nbsp; “Dentistry as a profession should integrate SDGs into daily practice and support a shift to a green economy in the pursuit of healthy lives and wellbeing for all through all stages of life”.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">The conduction of AI in dentistry will increase environmental sustainability. Like:</font></p><ol><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;Implementation of a haptic virtual reality dental trainer could reduce the consumption of plastic teeth.</span><br></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Using electronic patient records for managing records can help in saving papers.</span><br></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;Use of a Digital imaging system will eliminate the contamination of harmful chemicals. It will also minimize the radiation effects.</span></li></ol><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">One great example of the contribution of AI in dentistry is Yomi. It is a robot-assisted surgical device. It has helped professionals to place 10,000 dental implants using a dental robotic platform. It was developed by Neocis.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">Teledentistry is the field that helps to provide dental services by approaching technology. This way of incorporating technology helps to reduce the overall impact on the environment by lowering the use of carbon.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">The traditional clinical ways used in dentistry are not so environmentally friendly. AI has created a discrete approach to dentistry.&nbsp;</font><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">The implementation of AI in dentistry will reduce the emission of carbon into the environment thus reducing global warming. It will also help in saving energy.</span></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica, sans-serif\">Thus, for achieving environmental sustainability and good health, it is very necessary to use AI for dental work.&nbsp;</font></p>','2022-10-21 18:36:28.897443','uploads/news/ai.jpg',1,'Journal of Dental Sciences','ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE for SUSTAINABLE ORAL HEALTHCARE',5,134,'<h2 class=\"section-title u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 24px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; margin-top: 32px !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;\"><br></h2><section class=\"bibliography-sec\" id=\"cebibsec0010\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 16px;\"><dl class=\"references\" id=\"reference-links-cebibsec0010\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790221002919#bbib1\" id=\"ref-id-bib1\" data-aa-button=\"sd:product:journal:article:location=references:type=anchor:name=citation-name\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">1</font></span></a></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sref1\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px;\"><div class=\"host\" id=\"ref-id-sref1\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">WHO guideline: recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening,&nbsp;World Health Organization,&nbsp;Geneva, Switzerland&nbsp;(2019)</font></span></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311941/9789241550505-eng.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311941/9789241550505-eng.pdf?ua=1</font></span></a></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><a class=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20guideline:%20recommendations%20on%20digital%20interventions%20for%20health%20system%20strengthening\" aria-describedby=\"ref-id-sref1\" style=\"margin: 0px 24px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Google Scholar</font></span></a></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790221002919#bbib2\" id=\"ref-id-bib2\" data-aa-button=\"sd:product:journal:article:location=references:type=anchor:name=citation-name\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">2</font></span></a></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sref2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">M.&nbsp;Morishita,&nbsp;O.&nbsp;Takahashi,&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Yoshii,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">et al.</span></em></font><div id=\"ref-id-sref2\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Effect of COVID-19 on dental telemedicine in Japan</font></span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">J Dent Sci,&nbsp;17&nbsp;(2022), pp.&nbsp;42-48</font></span></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><br></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790221002919#bbib3\" id=\"ref-id-bib3\" data-aa-button=\"sd:product:journal:article:location=references:type=anchor:name=citation-name\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">3</font></span></a></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sref3\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Y.L.&nbsp;Lee,&nbsp;H.Y.&nbsp;Hu,&nbsp;Y.F.&nbsp;Yen,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">et al.</span></em></font><div id=\"ref-id-sref3\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of medical and dental services in Taiwan: a cohort study</font></span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">J Dent Sci,&nbsp;16&nbsp;(2021), pp.&nbsp;1233-1240</font></span></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><br></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790221002919#bbib4\" id=\"ref-id-bib4\" data-aa-button=\"sd:product:journal:article:location=references:type=anchor:name=citation-name\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">4</font></span></a></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sref4\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">C.H.&nbsp;Yu,&nbsp;Y.C.&nbsp;Chang</font></span><div id=\"ref-id-sref4\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">The implication of COVID-19 pandemic on domiciliary dental care</font></span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">J Dent Sci,&nbsp;17&nbsp;(2022), pp.&nbsp;570-572</font></span></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><br></div></dd><dt class=\"label\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; float: left;\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790221002919#bbib5\" id=\"ref-id-bib5\" data-aa-button=\"sd:product:journal:article:location=references:type=anchor:name=citation-name\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; cursor: pointer;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">5</font></span></a></dt><dd class=\"reference\" id=\"sref5\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 16px 48px; padding: 0px;\"><div class=\"contribution\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">P.C.&nbsp;Lee,&nbsp;T.H.&nbsp;Wang,&nbsp;T.Y.&nbsp;Tsai</font></span><div id=\"ref-id-sref5\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\"title\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bolder; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Using IT system to improve public communication in the post-epidemic era</font></span></div></div><div class=\"host\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">J Formos Med Assoc,&nbsp;120&nbsp;(2021), pp.&nbsp;1809-1810</font></span></div><div class=\"ReferenceLinks u-font-sans\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif !important;\"><br></div></dd></dl></section>'),(50580,'Speed and space: rates of motion in health and wellbeing','speed-and-space-rates-of-motion-in-health-and-wellbeing','2022-11-11 16:41:25.057994','<p><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The posthumanist turn in health and wellbeing research has paid attention to the qualities of space, particularly through the work of geographers. Although a range of these qualities have been explicitly articulated and well explored, a clear omission in the literature has been ‘speed’ - an important quality in its own right, and evident in all other qualities. This review paper takes a good look at speed. First, it considers what speed is, and the myriad ways in which it arises and is registered according to science and other intellectual paradigms. Second, it considers speed as a distinctive feature of twenty-first-century life and the health and well-being involvements and implications of this life. Third, it considers some partial precedent for a focus on speed and space in health and wellbeing research, by drawing speed out of current studies where it is implicit or a minor consideration. To conclude, the paper thinks about the issues, challenges, and possibilities for researching speed more fully, and the opportunities this might open up.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-11/754a17fe-12bd-4aa1-b6f0-68c25d6e4ee3.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">One of the features of the posthumanist turn in health and wellbeing research has been the critical attention paid to space. Before this turn, space was understood in research as a 3D neutral container that exists irrespective of events and observation, within which entities locate and move through, and life unfolds in particular arrangements (hence a classical Newtonian and Euclidean vision of absolute and geometrical space was implicit). More practically, however, matching the way many phenomena of interest distribute at macro-scales and population levels across the Earth\'s surface, space was represented in much research as a 2D blank surface/template on which entities locate and pass over, and life unfolds in particular patterns. This remains central if implicit, logic in cartographic and GIS work to this day</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">. Meanwhile, cognitive and behavioral research occupied itself with human perceptions and challenges of space-related, for example, distance or separation or spatial decision-making </span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;- whilst humanistic research started to focus on ‘place’ as a social and cultural entity and construction. Place here possesses a deepened complexity over notions of location in 3D or 2D space, in terms of its physical form and meaning</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">. In a further and more recent development, the posthumanist turn has not only focused on spatial processes, but it has also put the ontology of space up for question, particularly in more-than-representational theories and in the work of geographers</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">. This thinking about the nature of space itself owes a debt to traditions. On the one hand, are varied poststructuralist and Marxist ideas on the social production of space – space being constitutive of social and economic practices and relations</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">. On the other hand are diverse earlier ideas in philosophical humanism and relationalism on ways of knowing space (in work from Leibniz to Kant to Tuan). Together these traditions have helped develop four fundamental observations. First, rather than pre-existing, space is dependent; it only comes into existence through entities and their relations. Second, consequently, space is active and emergent; ultimately life unfolds</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">as</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">– rather than</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;</span><em style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">in</span></em><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Helvetica;\">- space(time). Third, that space is featureful, varied, and everchanging; hence ‘navigation’ of it is unavoidable both for entities in stationary positions and those on the move. Fourth, that space is known, participated in, and contributed to by humans both fully consciously and pre-reflectively, the latter being just as important as the former to their lived experience.</span><br></p><section id=\"sec0001\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; display: block; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\"><p id=\"para0007\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">What has followed this multifaceted rethinking of space, however, has lent posthumanist work its particular character and recent reputation; this being the dedicated attention paid to specific qualities of space, drawing them out and animating them in empirical research; each quality being both a structure/component of space and experiential texture of space. Empirically providing insight into diverse health and well-being situations and experiences, some of the most widely discussed of these qualities have been (i) Space\'s productive basis in material assemblages (see work on enabling mental health recovery</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, therapeutic baths and wells</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and well-being in daily life</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. (ii) Space\'s predominant forward-moving flows and rhythms</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, gardening</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and cycling</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. (iii) Space\'s expressive positionings, shapes, and encounters (see work on arts and crafts,&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">dance movement therapy</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, and running terrain</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. (iv) Space\'s sensory properties and registers.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;(v) Space\'s constituent impulsive, habitual forms of repetition (see work on mindfulness</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, compulsive disorders,&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and home routines</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. (vi) Space\'s infectious effects (see work on drinking culture</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">, medical tourism,&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and smoking areas.</span></p><p id=\"para0008\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Of all the aforementioned qualities of space, the first and last, assemblage and affect, have emerged as the ‘big two’ working concepts - based on the ideas of&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and their translation and extension by others both outside geography </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">and inside </span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Assemblage is considered the spatial footing of all that turns up in life – in/as social space - even if a highly fluid and relational one with immanence being its organizing principle; a situated gathering/multiplicity of entities, relations, and events continually in the process of forming or deforming through grouping or dispersal. As certain territorializations and stabilizations emerge within assemblages, they produce</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. These effects may typically be identified either by a characteristic production/mode of social, affective, and material form (e.g., assemblages of health and wellbeing), or by a locational or situational context that might produce, enable or impede a production/mode of social, affective and material form (e.g., X as a health and wellbeing-enabling assemblage)</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Affect meanwhile has come to describe an environmental process where during encounters ‘bodies’ effect and are affected by each other positively or negatively in terms of their expressive capacities. Effects are shared between human bodies in particular as pre-conscious ‘feeling states’, often felt in the environment as the prevailing atmosphere. Here the connections to health and wellbeing are threefold (i) The boosting/joyness effects or draining/sadness effects in bodies are well-being registers in themselves. (ii) As a result of these effects, increasing or decreasing involvement might occur in specific activities that are unhealthy or unhealthy (e.g., from group exercise to group smoking). (iii) Specific institutions – from medical to public health to private companies – generate specific effects/atmospheres to encourage bodily connections and reactions with health and wellbeing consequences</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span></p><p id=\"para0009\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">At the same time, there have also been broader theoretical attempts at capturing the many qualities of space at work in an overall process. This has involved thinking about space changing temporally, while moving beyond the rather smooth and bland idea of ‘spacetime’, as we know that the world is typically quite energetic and turbulent in the way that it advances, with the immediacy of this advancement being key</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The idea of ‘whole onflow’, for example, gets at least some theoretical grip on the meta-event of the progressing moment ever-unfolding/materializing</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. The whole inflow is self-organizing, the combination of a multitude of micro-events, material expressions, and differentiation. Hence the whole flow explains the processes of matter\'s spatial and temporal unfolding in ways that are always new and unique, even as certain powerful common processes are generated by it and are at work within it (from entropic energy exchange to techno-capitalism). It further explains how these processes are participated in and registered by sentient beings, giving form to the totality of their unbroken experience. Here foundational work has begun to articulate how whole flow is ultimately responsible for the various ‘productions’ of the world, studies using health and wellbeing as a case in hand</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-11-11/d4861280-469a-49b4-a49e-060570cd57b7.png\" style=\"width: 639.996px;\"></p><p id=\"para0010\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Our primary interest in the current paper is keeping the momentum going in posthumanist discussions of space, by focusing on ‘speed’ as a singularly important quality of space. As we shall see, speed is active and registered in every one of life\'s ongoing encounters, events, and relations - it defines entities and has numerous incidences in all life\'s productions – yet the posthumanist literature, like all contemporary geographic spatial theories, clearly lacks dedicated attention to speed (passing observations acknowledged</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">. Indeed we are also motivated to pay greater heed to&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">great provocation to encounter bodies, to read bodies, and to experience bodies in terms of their relative speeds and slowness (bodies defined by them as both human and non-human entities). Speed in the body is the very modulations of its capacities and activities. We feel that new sensitivities equal to these speeds promise important new insights into the events, effects, spaces, and relations by which bodies gain and experience health and well-being. Overall, the paper takes a good look at speed by offering a broad review of the ways that speed enters into contemporary social and academic thought, as well as its impacts on health and well-being. First, we consider what speed is and the myriad ways in which it arises and is registered according to science and other intellectual paradigms. Second, we consider how speed is a distinctive feature of twenty-first-century life, and the health and well-being involvements and implications of this life. Third, we consider some hidden partial precedent for a focus on speed and space in health and wellbeing research by drawing speed out of current studies where it is implicit in them and/or a minor consideration and/or obscured by other matters. To conclude, we think about possibilities for researching speed more explicitly and fully, and the generative possibilities this might open up for future health and wellbeing scholarship. We admit that moving forward with research on speed is a substantive project involving big metaphysical, epistemological as well as practical considerations, and in many respects, this paper sets up extensive future considerations and debate rather than seeking to settle them in advance.</span></p></section>','2022-10-21 19:24:21.931480','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Wellbeing, Space and Society','Speed and space: rates of motion in health and wellbeing',6,168,'Science direct'),(50585,'Sleeping less than 5 hours increases risk of chronic diseases, study reveals!','sleeping-less-5-hours-increases-risk-chronic-diseases-study-reveals','2022-10-21 14:16:54.278831','<p class=\"MsoNormal\">UK study has found that sleeping for less than 5 hours in\r\nmid-to-late life is associated with the risk of developing at least two chronic\r\ndiseases. New research suggests that\r\npeople over 50 who get less than 5 hours of sleep per night may be increasing\r\ntheir risks of developing multiple chronic conditions simultaneously, including\r\ndiabetes, dementia, and more. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">New research indicates that sleeping fewer than five hours\r\nis linked with multimorbidity in older adults. Sleeping less has previously been associated with the added\r\nrisk of developing certain chronic conditions. Sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg\r\nsyndrome are common among older people. Experts suggest seeing a medical professional if your sleep\r\nquality has declined. Improving your sleep may help keep you healthier as you grow\r\nolder.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">Adults over the age of 50 who sleep fewer than 5 hours per\r\nnight are more likely to develop multiple chronic diseases, according to a new\r\nstudy published in the journal PLOS Medicine. This was compared with same-age people who sleep for 7 hours. According to the lead author’s study Severine Sabia,\r\nprevious studies have demonstrated a link between sleeping less and\r\ndeveloping conditions like diabetes,\r\nblood pressure, cardiovascular like diabetes, high blood pressure, and also dementia. Sabia said that “However, in real life, chronic diseases often coexist, particularly at older ages and it also remained unclear how sleep duration was associated with risk\r\nof multimorbidity”. Multimorbidity means having two or more chronic\r\nconditions at the same time.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>According to the study of Sabia and his team’s study which was\r\ndone in 1985:</b></p><ul><li>At the age of 50, there were 7,864 healthy participants.\r\nAmong those who reported sleeping fewer than five hours, there was a 30%\r\ngreater risk of developing multiple chronic health conditions compared to the\r\npeople who slept seven hours a night.</li><li>By the age of 60, this risk had risen to 32%.</li><li>At 70 years of age, the risk increased even more to 40%.</li><li>Shorter sleep at the age of 50 was also associated with a 25%\r\ngreater risk of dying, mostly because of the increased risk of chronic disease.<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-21/ff3ed2fc-623f-445f-9cf8-931fef8d9a02.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">As people reached the ages of 60 and 70, the researchers\r\nfound that sleeping nine hours or more was linked with higher rates of\r\nmultimorbidity. However, there were only a few people this was true for, and\r\nthe greater need for sleep could have been due to the illnesses themselves.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>How to improve your sleep quality as grow older:</b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), there are some things which older adults can do to get better sleep.&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">One important step is to consider whether you have a sleep disorder. They cite insomnia, snoring, sleep apnea, and movement disorders like restless legs syndrome as being the sleep problems that most commonly affect older people.&nbsp;</span>Among these, they say insomnia is the most frequent sleep complaint. This can include taking a long time to fall asleep, waking up during the night, and waking up feeling tired. They note that snoring is also very common, affecting 40% of all adults.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">AASM suggests that if you are often tired during the day and aren’t sleeping as well as you used to, it’s a good idea to see your primary care doctor for a checkup. They will be able to provide you with a diagnosis and offer suggestions for the management and treatment of your sleep problems.</span><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p></o:p></p>','2022-10-21 14:14:16.607277','uploads/news/man-reading-in-bed.webp',1,'health economic times, CNN','Among those who reported sleeping fewer than five hours, there was a 30% greater risk of developing multiple chronic health conditions compared to the people who slept seven hours a night. By the age of 60, this risk had risen to 32%. At 70 years of age, the risk increased even more to 40%',6,4,'<p><a href=\"https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/less-than-5-hours-of-night-sleep-linked-to-risk-of-chronic-diseases-uk-study\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/less-than-5-hours-of-night-sleep-linked-to-risk-of-chronic-diseases-uk-study</a><br></p>'),(50586,'Machine Learning for predicting future in chaotic systems','machine-learning-predicting-future-chaotic-systems','2022-10-22 08:32:53.726705','<p>Machine learning is a part of the computer field that deals with using algorithms for obtaining certain data. It has shown many of its applications in many sectors such as for the recognization of images or voice.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/c05d2211-bf6f-4f42-9b24-41f00cd3e0a5.webp\" style=\"width: 321.889px; height: 214.593px;\"></p><p><br></p><h4 class=\"\"><b><u>Keywords</u></b>: Machine Learning, spatiotemporal chaotic systems, algorithm, next-generation reservoir computing, atmospheric weather,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;\">accurate,&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;\">training data points.</span></h4><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica;\"><br></span></p><p>Now there is a new development in the field of machine learning. Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered a new way of predicting the behavior of spatiotemporal chaotic systems. These systems mainly make predictions for changes in Earth\'s weather. Generally, it is very challenging for scientists to predict these changes. Now, the new technique of ML called next-generation reservoir computing will give an easy way to it.</p><p>Research is published in the journal Chaos. In this research, the new and efficient algorithm when combined with next-generation reservoir computing learned spatiotemporal chaotic systems in less time compared to the traditional ways.</p><p>A challenging problem that was researched in the past was predicting the behavior of an atmospheric weather model. The researchers now tried to test the same by using the new algorithm. The new algorithm is more precise and it needs 400 to 1,250 times less training data to make predictions compared to the traditional ML algorithms.&nbsp;</p><p>The researchers made use of a Windows 10 laptop for making predictions using the new algorithm. It was roughly 240,000 times faster than the traditional ML algorithms. Also, the computation method is less complex in the new algorithm whereas the complexity in the traditional method is more, also it requires a supercomputer.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/d217aa33-9478-446b-bcca-28cea7f4c1a0.webp\" style=\"width: 214.124px; height: 241.069px;\"><br></p><p>Wendson De Sa Barbosa, lead author and a postdoctoral researcher in physics at Ohio State said, \"This is very exciting, as we believe it\'s a substantial advance in terms of data processing efficiency and prediction accuracy in the field of machine learning. Learning to predict these extremely chaotic systems is a \'physics grand challenge,\' and understanding them could pave the way to new scientific discoveries and breakthroughs.&nbsp;<span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">If one knows the equations that accurately describe how these unique processes for a system will evolve, then its behavior could be reproduced and predicted.\"</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The point of view of the researcher justified that the prediction of simple movements such as the swing position of the clock is easier as it can be predicted by determining its current position and velocity. But in the case of predicting Earth\'s weather, it is very complex as many variables are used for determining the chaotic behavior.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Thus for predicting accurately the entire system, the scientists require detailed information on each variable, the model equations that describe the relationships among the variables. Due to this, the traditional algorithm used 50,000 historical training data points as examined in past work. But using the new algorithm it can be reduced to only 400, still achieving accurate results.</span></p><p><br></p><p><br></p>','2022-10-22 08:30:40.296129','uploads/news/ml1.webp',1,'OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY','Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered a new way of predicting the behavior of spatiotemporal chaotic systems. These systems mainly make predictions for changes in Earth\'s weather. Generally, it is very challenging for scientists to predict these changes. Now, the new technique of ML called next-generation reservoir computing will give an easy way to it.',5,134,'<p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;pt serif&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;times new roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 17.008px;\">&nbsp;“Learning spatiotemporal chaos using next-generation reservoir computing” by Wendson A. S. Barbosa and Daniel J. Gauthier, 26 September 2022,&nbsp;</span><em style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 17.008px; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;pt serif&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;times new roman&quot;, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science</em><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;pt serif&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;times new roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 17.008px;\">.</span><br style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;pt serif&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;times new roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 17.008px;\"><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098707\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 17.008px; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;pt serif&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;times new roman&quot;, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 90, 140); transition: all 0.5s ease 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">DOI: 10.1063/5.0098707</a><br></p>'),(50587,'Plants That ‘Come Back From the Dead’ Could Be Key To Growing Crops on the Moon','plants-that-come-back-from-the-dead-could-be-key-to-growing-crops-on-the-moon','2022-10-22 14:28:45.494509','<h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><b>A team of researchers from Israel and abroad set out to discover which plants could survive in space ahead of the 2025 Beresheet2 mission; \'the future of humanity will depend upon being able to reach the stars,\' says the research professor.</b></font></span></h2><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><br></font></span></h2><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">Some unique plants like which can \"come back from the dead\" and can also survive extreme weather conditions....this might be the key to growing crops in space. These are known as resurrection plants, these are rare and they can survive without even water for months or even years on end, it depends on the species, and this might prove to be ideal candidates for space travel.&nbsp;</font></span></h2><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><br></font></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">This is precisely what a team of researchers led by the Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev is setting out to discover.</span></h2><div class=\"text_editor_paragraph ltr\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"778kb\" data-offset-key=\"au5v8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: Arimo; line-height: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 0px 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 16px !important;\"><div data-offset-key=\"au5v8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"au5v8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">The team, which includes scientists from Israel, Australia, and South Africa, is currently testing to know exactly which species of plants can not only survive but also thrive on the moon as part of SpaceIL’s Beresheet2 mission, which has a launch planned in mid-2025. The experiment, known as Aleph, was proposed by Lunaria One, an international consortium of scientists.</span></div></div><div class=\"text_editor_paragraph ltr\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"778kb\" data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: Arimo; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 16px !important;\"><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-size: 14px;\">Prof. Simon Barak, of the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, is coordinating a team of plant biologists and imaging specialists ahead of the launch.</span><span style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; font-size: 14px;\">“These [resurrection plants] are plants that you can dry down to almost being crisp and make them survive like that for years,” Barak said. “When you rewater them they come back to life; they expand and look like the original adult plant that they were.”</span></font></div><div class=\"text_editor_paragraph ltr\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"778kb\" data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 16px;\"><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">The plants that the scientists are currently examining as potential candidates to go to the moon must meet precise criteria due to the unique challenges brought about by space travel. Firstly, they have to survive the months-long journey to the moon and also be able to withstand extreme temperature changes, low gravity, and cosmic radiation.</font></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><br></font></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">The Aleph experiment will consist of seeds and plants also which will be kept inside the sealed chamber with the Earth\'s atmosphere in one of Beresheet2\'s landers. because, when the laner will turn its power on, there will be a light and a heater. And all things will be monitored using infrared cameras like plants and seeds</font></span><font color=\"#000000\">.</font></span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;\">“Once we land, we power on and we irrigate we only have a 72-hour window for the experiment,” Barak explained. “</span></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><br></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">If it is successful then it will be the first experiment of its kind to test growing conditions on the moon. years ago China attempted to grow cotton seeds inside a controlled environment on the moon but all of them died due to the harsh conditions. </span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;\">“Human communities on the moon or Mars are going to require plants, not just for food but for supplying oxygen, for taking out carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, maybe for medicinal purposes and for general well-being,” he said.</span></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;\"><br></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"f5fvv-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><br></div></div><div spottype=\"dynamic_mc\" typeindex=\"0\" id=\"browsi_adWrapper_ai_0_ati_1_rc_0\" height=\"auto\" width=\"100%\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; clear: both !important; margin-top: 16px !important; margin-bottom: 16px !important; width: auto !important; height: auto !important;\"><div id=\"browsi_adContainer_ai_0_ati_1_rc_0\" data-google-query-id=\"CMHE-vv58_oCFfYdKwodxJYAug\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"></div></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\">Jill Farrant, a professor and research chair in plant molecular physiology at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, is one of the scientists taking part in the Aleph project.&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;\">Farrant holds a research chair given by the South African Department of Science and Innovation through the National Research Foundation and is a leading expert on resurrection plants.</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/3974f6fe-a6fc-41df-9a02-d6059d207245.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\">Myrothamnus flabellifolius</span><em style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\">&nbsp;foliage during the wet season, Hamerkop Kloof, Magaliesberg, South Africa. (Androstachys/Creative Commons)</em></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><em style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></em><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></span></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\">According to him:</span></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></span></span></div><ul style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\">though loosely defined, resurrection plants are an incredibly rare phenomenon.</span></span></li><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">The specific type of plant she is looking into sending on the Beresheet2 mission is&nbsp;</span><em style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">Myrothamnus flabellifolius</span></em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px; font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;(common name: resurrection bush), which only grows in southern Africa.</span></span></span></li><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px; font-family: Helvetica;\">“It’s the only woody resurrection plant on this planet and it’s ancient,” Farrant told The Media Line. “The reality is that they can lose 95% of their water and stay in their dry state for years. After a rain, 12 hours later they’re green and growing again.”</span></span></span></li><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px; font-family: Helvetica;\">“When they’re gearing down, they stop taking carbon and making food because that’s a very dangerous process,”&nbsp; Farrant said&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">They have ways of shutting down photosynthesis and they reshuffle their energy.</span></li><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px; font-family: Helvetica;\"><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;\">“My theory is as a proof of concept: If we can get something there that can grow sporadically when there’s enough water it will survive until we know how to make enough water on that planet,” she added.</p></span></span></span></li></ul><ul style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><li style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4px;\"><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">Another purpose of the project is to encourage the wider public to participate. To this end, parallel science experiments will be carried out by amateurs (for example, high school students) and professionals to compare growth to that in lunar conditions.</span></p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">“The Earth is finite, our resources on Earth are finite and so the future of humanity will depend upon being able to reach the stars,” Barak said.</span></p></span><br></span></span></li></ul><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></span></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></span></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: normal;\"><br></span><br></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><br></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><br></span></div><div data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><span data-offset-key=\"ab6a8-0-0\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr;\"><br></span></div></div><figure data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"778kb\" data-offset-key=\"aeie9-0-0\" contenteditable=\"false\" style=\"display: inline; margin-top: 10px; -webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: Arimo; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;\"><div class=\"ArticleImageComponenta full_wide\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; position: relative; width: 645.859px; direction: ltr;\"></div></figure><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><br></font></span></h2><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><br></font></span></h2><h2 class=\"subTitle\" style=\"-webkit-text-fill-color: initial; direction: ltr; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; resize: none; border: 0px; width: 645.859px; height: auto !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><br></font></span></h2>','2022-10-22 14:28:45.494559','uploads/news/rkWrjM1k4i_0_0_1529_860_0_large.jpg',1,'Science Direct','Plants that ‘come back from the dead’ could be key to growing crops on the moon\r\nTeam of researchers from Israel and abroad set out to discover which plants could survive in space ahead of 2025 Beresheet2 mission; \'the future of humanity will depend upon being able to reach the stars,\' says research professor',6,1,'<p>The Media Line</p>'),(50588,'Automated drawing machine for making paper-based metamaterials','automated-drawing-machine-making-paper-based-metamaterials','2022-10-22 22:10:49.195941','<p>Metamaterials are described as artificial materials. They acquire electromagnetic properties from patterned microstructures. These materials can be used for manipulating electromagnetic waves.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/6c73caae-46c2-4ef0-ae20-ecafc1e3f828.jpg\" style=\"width: 335.233px; height: 223.264px;\"></p><p><br></p><h3 class=\"\"><b><u>Keywords</u></b>: Metamaterials, ballpoint pen, stepper motors, drawing patterns, metasurface, a polarization converter, an absorber, a conformal coding metasurface<b>&nbsp;</b></h3><h3 class=\"\"><b><br></b></h3><p>Research team leader Junming Zhao from Nanjing University in China said, \"Metamaterials, especially those used as absorbers, generally need to be thin, lightweight, wide and strong, but it isn\'t easy to create thin and lightweight devices using traditional substrates\". \"Using paper as the substrate can help meet these requirements while also lending itself to metasurfaces that conform to a surface or that are mechanically reconfigurable\".</p><p>For carrying out the study, researchers used a ballpoint pen with conductive ink for drawing conductors and they used mechanical pencils to draw resistors and resistive films. For making this process more automated, the researchers made use of computer-controlled drawing machines.</p><p>Lead researcher Zhao said, \"Although paper-based metamaterials have been made previously using inkjet printing technology, our drawing technique is lower cost, simpler and more flexible\". \"Our method could be useful for making reconfigurable antennas and metalenses as well as metamaterial devices that absorb incident electromagnetic energy from cell phones or other sources.\"</p><p>The new drawing machine uses a pen with ink that contains conductive material or normal mechanical pencils. The machine has three stepper motors. Two stepper motors are responsible for controlling the movement of the pen in the horizontal plane and the third one is responsible for lifting or dropping the pen in the vertical plane. The movement and speed of the drawing machine are controlled by the computer.</p><p>Lead researcher Zhao said, \"Some of the paper we tried was not very compatible with the pencils or conductive ink pens, resulting in poor conductivity of the drawn patterns\". \"After some testing, we found the best performance came from using paper that is .22 mm thick, which is easy to obtain and very compatible with the pencils and conductive ink.\"</p><p>The researchers used a conductive ink pen to draw various patterns on paper. They found the conductivity of patterns to be 3×10<span style=\"font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; border-radius: 0px !important;\">6&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Siemens per meter. The researchers tested this pencil with various parameters such as discrete drawing pressure and various amounts of graphite. The purpose of the testing was to characterize the electrical resistance affected due to these factors. Thus it gave a way for researchers to validate the conditions required for drawing patterns with a specific resistance.</span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/3d8d1b60-2948-4a0c-841e-268298c209d8.jpg\" style=\"width: 357.37px; height: 238.007px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The researchers designed three different paper-based metamaterials:</span></p><ol><li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A polarization converter</span></li><li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">An absorber</span></li><li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A conformal coding metasurface&nbsp;</span></li></ol><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The researchers proved that the polarization converter could rotate linear polarization by&nbsp;</span>90°. The conversion efficiency ranged from 3.2 to 6.6 GHz.</p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The absorber had a mass of just 58.3 grams. It was capable of achieving 90% absorptivity ranging from 2.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The&nbsp;</span>conformal coding metasurface can be used for radar cross-section reduction. When the metasurface was bent on a curved surface, it achieved a 10dB radar cross-section reduction. The frequency band was from 8.94 to 11.59 GHz.</p><p>\"We hope that in the future, we can use the drawing technology to design and fabricate meta-devices that could be carried or applied to the skin to achieve electromagnetic shielding and other functions,\" said Zhao. \"We also plan to design mechanically reconfigurable metamaterials that take advantage of the fact that paper can be bent and folded.\"<span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br></span>﻿</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>','2022-10-22 22:10:49.195985','uploads/news/meta1.jpg',1,'Optica','Automated drawing machine for making paper-based metamaterials',5,134,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Kaiyue Zhu, Shuyang Hao, Ke Chen, Tian Jiang, Junming Zhao, Yijun Feng.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Directly drawing metamaterials on paper based on an automatic drawing machine</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Optical Materials Express</em>, 2022; 12 (11): 4299 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.472866\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1364/OME.472866</a></li></ol>'),(50589,'Face masks play crucial role, according to a new COVID research confirms','face-masks-play-crucial-role-according-new-covid-research-confirms','2022-10-23 12:25:10.251338','<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An international research team from universities including\r\nChalmers University of Technology, Sweden, the University of Padua and the\r\nUniversity of Udine in Italy, and the University of Vienna, Austria…This all\r\nhas developed a new theoretical model for better access to the risk of spreading\r\nviruses such as Covid-19—with or without a face mask. The result has shown us how the standard \'safe\' distance of two meters does not always apply\r\nbut varies greatly depending on a range of environmental factors, and that face\r\nmasks can indeed play a crucial role.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-23/86bcb6f8-93a5-4c8e-ad51-7ca2712483dc.jpeg\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">The current recommendations around the\r\ntransmission of respiratory infectious diseases are often based on the diagram\r\nwhich was developed by American scientist William Firth Wells in 1934. This\r\nmodel is very simplified and it also does not account for the true complexity\r\nof transmission. In the study “Modeling the direct Virus exposure risk\r\nassociated with respiratory events”, researchers have developed a more advanced\r\nmodel which shows it is possible to more effectively calculate the direct risk\r\nof spreading&nbsp; Covid infection by\r\nincluding several factors such as\r\ninterpersonal distance, temperature, humidity levels and a load of viral. They are also used to manage or to\r\ndemonstrate how these risks change with and without a face mask.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">According to studies and research, they took example, a\r\nperson talking without a face mask can spread infected droplets one meter away.\r\nShould the same person cough, the drops can be spread up to three meters and if\r\nthe person sneezes, the spread distance can be up to seven meters. But using a\r\nface mask&nbsp;decreases the risk of spreading the infection. Risk of\r\ninfection can be reduced by using a surgical mask or FFP2 mask that it is practically\r\nnegligible even if you\'re only standing one meter away from an infected\r\nperson,\" explains Gaetano Sardina, Associate Professor of Fluid Mechanics\r\nat the Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences at Chalmers University of\r\nTechnology, who is one of the researchers behind the study.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">In a study published in the Journal of Royal Society Interface, researchers\r\ntested the new model using data from recent numerical experiments on droplet\r\nemissions. This allowed them to consider several factors and quantify\r\nthe risk of infection, with and without a face mask.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Size a factor in droplet behavior:</span></b></p><ul><li>Viruses, such as SARS-COV-2, are spread from an infected\r\nindividual to other susceptible individuals through virus-filled droplets that\r\nare released when talking, coughing, or sneezing. </li><li>These droplets are emitted from\r\nthe salivary glands and are sprayed out through the exhaled air. Once out of the mouth, these\r\ndrops can either evaporate, settle or remain floating. </li><li>Larger and heavier\r\ndroplets tend to fall in a ballistic motion before evaporating, while smaller\r\ndroplets behave like aerosols that spray and remain airborne.</li><li>The results show that a surgical face mask and, to an even\r\ngreater extent, an FFP2 mask provide excellent protection that significantly\r\nreduces the risk of infection.</li><li> Provided that the face mask is worn correctly,\r\nthe risk of infection is negligible even at distances as short as one meter,\r\nregardless of environmental conditions and if the person is talking, coughing, or sneezing.<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Next step …… a study on the airborne spread:</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">The research team is trying to work on a new study that aims to\r\nexplore the airborne spread of the\r\ndiseases. \"The published study addresses direct droplet transmission of\r\nCovid -- another important transmission path is the indirect and airborne route\r\nin poorly ventilated rooms. We are currently working on this aspect and our\r\npreliminary results show the effectiveness of face masks in also preventing the\r\nairborne spread of the disease,\" says Gaetano Sardina.</p><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">The international study was led by the University of Padua,\r\nItaly, and conducted in collaboration with the Chalmers University of Technology,\r\nthe University of Udine, Italy, and the University of Vienna, Austria. The\r\nscientific article was written by Jietuo Wang, Federico Dalla Barba, Alessio\r\nRocco, Gaetano Sardina, Alfredo Soldati, and Francesco Picano.<o:p></o:p></p>','2022-10-23 12:17:12.437319','uploads/news/WhatsApp_Image_2022-10-23_at_2.53.26_PM_1.jpeg',1,'Science News','Researchers have developed a new theoretical model to better assess the risks of spreading viruses such as COVID-19 -- with and without a face mask. The results show how the standard \'safe\' distance of two meters does not always apply but varies greatly depending on a range of environmental factors, and that face masks can indeed play a crucial role.',6,52,'<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Science News, Science Daily</span><br></p>'),(50590,'NASA Shares Stunning Picture Of Supernova Remains, It Breaks The Internet','nasa-shares-stunning-picture-supernova-remains-it-breaks-internet','2022-10-25 15:54:05.297966','<p style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;\r\ncolor:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">As we know...... Space is as fascinating\r\nas it gets, and NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, keeps\r\nsharing amazing insights with the general public on their social media handles.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">This time, NASA shared a\r\nbeautiful image of the remains of a supernova on Sunday.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"editor-highlight\"><span data-id=\"118671\" data-type=\"highlight\" style=\"font-size: 14px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: Helvetica;\" id=\"highlight_118671\">The\r\nnever-before-seen image broke the internet, and rightfully so. NASA shared a beautiful and rare picture of the remains of a supernova nearly 9,000 light years away from. Earth has observed by the Chandra X-Ray obeservatory, in an instagram post with a witty refrence to Taylor swift . The image shows one of the \"most extreme\" rotating neutron stras on pulsars even detected, back in 2016. The photo has grabbed the internet\'s imagination.</span></span></span></p><p style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Helvetica;\">The\r\ncaption of the image read, \"</span><span style=\"color: black; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: Helvetica;\">Question…? Are\r\nyou a Swiftie?&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">We are too! Our Neil Gehrels Swift\r\nObservatory telescope and several other X-ray telescopes observed one of the\r\nmost extreme rotating neutron stars or pulsars – ever detected in 2016\".The caption further explained the image that the blank space seen in the image is as black as thenight dotted with tiny white stars. A swirling labyrinth of colours of blue, grren,yellow,purple, and red makes up the center of the photo surrounding the neutron stars in bright blue.&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-25/be0d0a4c-9776-4160-954b-e830fc6c07c7.png\" style=\"color: rgb(23, 23, 23); font-family: montserrat-bold; font-size: 2rem; width: 698.013px;\"><b style=\"color: rgb(23, 23, 23); font-family: montserrat-bold; font-size: 2rem;\">People couldn\'t get over the rare image because:</b></p><ul><li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: montserrat-bold; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.6rem; color: rgb(23, 23, 23);\">It was the Neven-seen-before-image which broke the internet...</li><li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: montserrat-bold; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.6rem; color: rgb(23, 23, 23);\">The photo went viral soon after for obvious reasons and people were in love with the image</li><li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: montserrat-bold; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.6rem; color: rgb(23, 23, 23);\">stunning shot of the remains of a supernova was shared by NASA</li></ul><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><br></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14rem;\">﻿</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-25/0a7e8d04-0160-40d7-8c78-f7a8b4ade56e.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span data-id=\"118672\" class=\"editor-highlight\" id=\"highlight_118672\" data-type=\"highlight\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></font></p><h2 id=\"People_couldnt_get_over_the_rare_image\" style=\"font-family: montserrat-bold; line-height: 2.6rem; color: rgb(23, 23, 23); margin: 0px 0px 1.875rem; font-size: 2rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\">[People just couldn\'t get over this rare image]<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">&nbsp;</span></h2><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span data-id=\"118672\" class=\"editor-highlight\" id=\"highlight_118672\" data-type=\"highlight\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 14px;\">The photo went viral soon after for obvious reasons and people were in love with the image.</span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;A user commented on the post and wrote, \" Space Midnight, should be a new colour.\" while another added, \"BEYOND beautiful space is MAGICAL and mysterious.\"&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Some users enquired. One asked, \" Is a black hole going to take birth after this, or is it already there now after the supernova?\" Another asked, \" Is that Space fruit mix ice cream.\".</span></font></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.875rem; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-family: georgia-regular; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.8rem;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8px;\"><br></span></p>','2022-10-23 13:11:35.659425','uploads/news/supernova_6354bf573a572.jpg',1,'Indian Times','NASA shared a beautiful and rare picture of the remains of a supernova nearly 9,000 light years away from Earth as observed by the Chandra X-Ray observatory.....',6,1,'<p>Trending Indian Times</p>'),(50657,'Climate Change - Threat to environment','climate-change-threat-environment','2022-10-23 20:44:57.905627','<p>The Environment is a huge place. It is facing numerous problems ranging from global warming to deforestation. One of the major issues our environment is currently experiencing is climate change.</p><p> Climate change is generally referred to as the change in weather over a long duration. It happens due to natural reasons such as changes in the seasons, changes in the weather, etc.</p><h3 class=\"\"><b><u>Keywords:</u></b> environment, climate change, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, deforestation, water, temperature</h3><p><br></p><p>But now climate change mainly occurs due to man-made causes. It is drastically affecting our environment.&nbsp;</p><p><b><u>Causes of Climate change include</u>:</b></p><p>1.<b> Deforestation:</b></p><p>&nbsp;Cutting off trees leads to less absorption of Carbon dioxide gas which triggers a way to create change in the environment.</p><p>2. <b>Use of vehicles:</b></p><p>&nbsp;Using vehicles for transportation increases air pollution causing greater emissions of greenhouse gases.</p><p>3. <b>Burning fossil fuels:</b></p><p>&nbsp;The burning of fossil fuels like coal emits harmful gases into the environment.&nbsp;</p><p><b><u>Impacts of climate change</u></b>:</p><p>Climate change adversely impacts the environment on earth starting from the temperature to the health of living organisms.</p><p>1. <b>Hotter temperature:</b></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-23/cb827a32-4a51-4336-b169-e09809d9919f.webp\" style=\"width: 281.889px; height: 207.006px;\"><b><br></b></p><p>&nbsp;The emission of greenhouse gases in the environment increases the overall surface temperature. According to studies, the global temperature rose from&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">1.8°F (1°C) from 1901 to 2020. Hotter temperature is also increasing the rate of volcanic eruptions and forest fires. It also causes the melting of glaciers.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">2.<b> Severe storm:</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;As the temperature is increasing, it causes more evaporation of vapor resulting in more precipitation. The precipitation also indulges in an excessive amount. These severe storms cause the loss of shelter for many people.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">3. <b>Drought:</b></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-23/87fb5908-85ed-44cd-a07b-cc60e693fedd.webp\" style=\"width: 311.667px; height: 207.778px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\"><b><br></b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp; Due to increased temperature, water gets evaporated in an excessive amount thereby causing scarcity of water.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">4. <b>Agriculture:</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp; As climate change causes scarcity of water, it directly affects the growth of crops. This also leads to the scarcity of food.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">5. <b>Health:</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;Human needs basic needs to live a complete life. Out of which its two basic needs i.e. food and shelter are impacted by climate change. Due to the scarcity of food and water, humans have to face hunger issues. Temperature rise is causing various skin problems in humans.</span></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\">Apart from this, climate change also affects water bodies. Oceans are becoming more acidic. Also, climate change causes acid rain. It also acts as a factor for ozone layer depletion.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\"><b><u>What can be done to reduce climate change due to man-made causes?</u></b></font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\">1. Plant more trees. Stop deforestation.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\">2. Avoid the use of vehicles.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\">3. Use renewable energy resources.</font></p><p><font face=\"Helvetica\">With this, it is very important to create awareness among people about the issues affecting our environment. It is our responsibility to secure the environment for future generations.</font></p>','2022-10-23 20:44:34.618532','uploads/news/climate_change.webp',1,'National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration','Climate change adversely impacts the environment on earth starting from the temperature to the health of living organisms.',5,196,'<p>Article in NOAA:&nbsp;https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts</p>'),