<p class="MsoNormal">Experimental studies were done on college
students in a climate chamber and analyzed the scenes of measured skin temperature,
EGA activity, and task performance of subjects exposed to three temperatures. <span style="font-size:13.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;
color:#2E2E2E"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The concentration performances of the subject task were
evaluated by measured neurophysiological parameters. Results showed that there
were gender differences in local skin temperatures and EEG-based concentration
index at the indoor temperatures to which they were exposed, females’ mean skin
temperature is more sensitive to temperature steps.</span>&nbsp;</span>The concentration
index was more affected by cold in the
male subjects.<span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E"> Experimental
results strongly confirmed that the EEG-based concentration index should be
affected by indoor temperatures.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">Most
of the young students' activities are performed indoors. That’s why indoor
environmental quality is closely related to their physical state and
performance. E.g. &nbsp;Chinese higher education enrollment experienced a rapid
increase over the last decades, reaching 41.8 million by 2020</span>. Universities
have expanded or renovated many academic buildings focusing on creating an
excellent cultural environment on campus but have neglected to improve and
enhance the indoor thermal environment. Problems such as high temperature, poor environmental
quality, and poor ventilation often occur in classrooms or study rooms. Students learning efficiency will ultimately be affected at the expense of the quality
of the indoor environment, especially the quality of the thermal environment.&nbsp;The
relationship between built indoor environment quality and exposure-related physical and cognitive performance has
gained rising attention in a recent study. The collaboration between indoor environment
design and physiological disciplines is expected to better understand how the
thermal environment influences the occupants’ productivity performance, which
can help improve the indoor environment at the early design stage from an
improving thermal comfort and activity efficiency perspective.<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">&nbsp;A large number of previous works investigated how indoor environmental factors
such as indoor air quality, acoustic, lighting conditions, and temperature affect
occupants’ thermal comfort and productivity</span>. Previous work found that
temperature may be perceived as an environmental incentive to exert conscious
effort at temperatures outside the comfort zone. previous studies
suggest that cognitive task performances for workers and students can be
evaluated through psychological metrics. &nbsp;For example,
environmental psychology studies recommend cold color hue of classroom walls in
terms to improve the performance of the students’ cognitive activities. <o:p></o:p></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">&nbsp;</span><img src="/media/django-summernote/2022-10-22/a533266e-ced7-4c2c-9f24-505bbd020d5d.png" style="width: 580px;"></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">Indoor
thermal directly affects human
thermal comfort and efficiency. The
present study aims to investigate the effects of indoor temperature on college
students’ physiological responses. Three indoor temperatures 30</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E">°</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">C, 26</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E">°</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">C, and 22</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Georgia;color:#2E2E2E">°</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">C were designed as the test
conditions, and temperature-induced changes of subjects’ local skin temperature
and EEG signal were analyzed.</span> And one experiment was done…..which was………… The experiment recruited 30
college students in the age group of 20–27, 15 female and 15 males (Average
age: 23.5, Height range: 160–185<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;
color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">cm,
Body mass: 48</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:
Georgia;color:#2E2E2E">–</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;
color:#2E2E2E">78</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;
color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">kg,
BMI:18.8</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-bidi-font-family:
Georgia;color:#2E2E2E">–</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;
color:#2E2E2E">22.8) all from Qingdao University of Technology, China. All
participants were healthy and had no color weakness, neurological deficits, or allergy diseases. In addition, the adolescents were informed to get enough
sleep and abstain from alcohol, tea, and coffee before participating in the
experiment. They were instructed to wear summer clothing including short
sleeves, comfortable sweatpants, socks, and shoes during the test period, the
clothing insulation was 0.7clo.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;color:#2E2E2E">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:24.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:2"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#505050;
mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;">&nbsp;Conclusions:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#2E2E2E;
mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Poor indoor environmental quality may suppress
students’ physiological responses, leading to learning efficiency loss.&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#2E2E2E;
mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The main conclusions of this study are as follows:</span></span></p><p id="p0260" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:18.0pt;line-height:normal"></p><p></p><p></p><dl class="list" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; display: block;"><dt class="list-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;">1.</dt><dd class="list-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0265" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">After experiencing temperature steps, local skin temperatures of the female group were more sensitive to indoor temperature change than the male group. It was found that subjects wear summer clothing with a thermal resistance 0.7 clo, the female group showed more significant skin temperature variations during the experimental procedure.</p></dd><dt class="list-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;">2.</dt><dd class="list-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0270" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">Through EEG-based concentration index distribution analysis under different indoor temperatures, the average concentration index was affected by temperature differences, the male group showed a more significant cold resistance performance and less ability to heat stress.</p></dd><dt class="list-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;">3.</dt><dd class="list-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0275" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">Indoor temperature can influence the EEG Beta rhythm of the subjects, concentration index was affected by the exposure temperature, its mean value was highest under 26 °C temperature.</p></dd><dt class="list-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;">4.</dt><dd class="list-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0280" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">Relatively warm or cold indoor temperature-induced longer response time and lower accuracy while subjects performed cognitive tasks, leading to decreasing performance index. The differences in the two indicators highly depend on the type of cognitive task.</p></dd><dt class="list-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; clear: left;">5.</dt><dd class="list-description" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0285" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">The EEG-based concentration index correlated closely with occupants’ performance index. Thus, it can help maintain relatively high performance by improving indoor thermal comfort design.</p></dd></dl>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(46, 46, 46);">Future
work will investigate the physiological responses of a similar experiment under a
heating environment, and conduct the performance in more types of task tests.</span><o:p></o:p></p>