<dd class="list-description" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px;"><div style=""><font color="#000000" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><br></span></font></div></dd><dd class="list-description" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><font color="#000000">The atmosphere hosts multiple sources of electric charges that are used to influence critical processes like the aggregation of droplets and the removal of dust and aerosols. This is evidenced by the variability of the atmospheric electric field. And these fields are known to respond to physical and geological processes, but the effect of biotic sources of charge has not hitherto been considered.&nbsp;</font></span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;">&nbsp;Also, the charge contribution of some&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/insect-swarm" title="Learn more about insect swarms from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">insect swarms</span></a><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;">&nbsp;will be comparable with that of meteorologically induced variations. And the observed transport of charge by insects, therefore, demonstrates an unexplored role of the biogenic space charge for physical and ecological processes in the atmosphere.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;">the earth's atmosphere is always electrified to a greater or lesser extent, even in fair weather away from thunderstorms. And fossil evidence of pale lightning indicates this is unlikely to be a new phenomenon geologically, and that's why the atmospheric electric field can be regarded as fundamental atmospheric property.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;">The continuous monitoring of atmospheric electric fields is essential in developing a detailed understanding of a wide array of atmospheric, biological, and geological processes.</span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">According to the study's</span>...<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;new perspective based on the idea that organisms that inhabit the lower atmosphere can act as a source of atmospheric space whose charge and associated atmospheric electrical variability, Insects are well-known to be ubiquitous in the global atmosphere&nbsp;</span></span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">and they can occur in large densities in the lower (∼0–5&nbsp;km altitude) atmosphere</span>.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Conclusion:</b></span></p><h3 id="sectitle0045" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 0.9rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Effect of honeybee swarms on the atmospheric electricity</span></b></h3><ul><ul><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;"><p id="p0055" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/insect-swarm" title="Learn more about Insect swarms from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Insect swarms</span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;can occur at different altitudes and with different densities, and often consist of a single species (e.g., honeybees, locusts, butterflies,</span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Using published charge measurements of honeybees </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">and our own calibrated measurements, They have developed a three-dimensional finite element analysis model to computationally evaluate the effect of the swarming honeybees on local atmospheric electric fields. These models of the electric fields around honeybee swarms highlight the appreciable perturbing influence that they may have on their local electrical environment&nbsp;</span></p><p id="p0055" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;"><br></span><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Effect of honeybee swarms on the atmospheric potential gradient, PG</b></p><ul><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Honeybees passing the electric field monitor at the experimental site.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/finite-element-modeling" title="Learn more about Finite element model from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Finite element model</span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;illustrating the potential effect of a honeybee swarm on atmospheric PG which is in V/m. Color scale truncated above 300&nbsp;V/m.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Atmospheric PG and honeybee swarm density which is expressed as the pixel density, Px( Inset shows dynamics in PG for both the honeybee swarm (red) and open field conditions (blue).</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Cross-correlation analysis between an atmospheric PG and honeybee swarm density.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">And also,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/linear-regression-analysis" title="Learn more about Linear regression analysis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Linear regression analysis</span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;between atmospheric PG and honeybee swarm density.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Changes in between atmospheric PG in response to another honeybee swarming event.</span></li></ul><p id="fspara0040" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><img src="/media/django-summernote/2022-10-26/fff7ccf0-c8df-46a6-8fbf-03dc989bcb7d.png" style="width: 372.991px;"><br></p><p id="fspara0045" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Effect of a locust swarm on the atmospheric potential gradient and the significance of insect swarm compared with&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/meteorological-condition" title="Learn more about meteorological conditions from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">meteorological conditions</span></a></b></p><ul><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Example of a locust swarm (Courtesy: Bilal Tarabey-AFP).</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/finite-element-modeling" title="Learn more about Finite element model from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Finite element model</span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;showing the effect of a locust swarm on the atmospheric PG, Color scale truncated above 300 V/m.</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Charge densities of several swarming insect species and also meteorological phenomena – from top to bottom, honeybee </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/lepidoptera" title="Learn more about Lepidoptera from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Lepidoptera</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">, desert locust</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">, semi-fair-weather clouds, thunderstorm clouds, and electrified dust storms.</span></li></ul></li></ul></ul><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;"><br></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;"><br></p></dd>