<p>Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is known for its decreased risk of causing gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other NSAIDS.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Shin S: Safety of celecoxib versus traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older patients with arthritis. J Pain Res. 2018 Dec 14;11:3211-3219. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S186000. eCollection 2018. (PubMed ID 30588073)" href="#reference-A181544">16</a></sup> It is used to manage symptoms of various types of arthritis pain and in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) to reduce precancerous polyps in the colon.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Chen QW, Zhang XM, Zhou JN, Zhou X, Ma GJ, Zhu M, Zhang YY, Yu J, Feng JF, Chen SQ: Analysis of Small Fragment Deletions of the APC gene in Chinese Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, a Precancerous Condition. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(12):4915-20. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4915. (PubMed ID 26163615)" href="#reference-A181532">15</a></sup> It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex, and was initially granted FDA approval in 1998.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="FDA approvals, Celebrex" href="#reference-L7604">27</a></sup> </p><p>Interestingly, selective COX-2 inhibitors (especially celecoxib), have been evaluated as potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. (PubMed ID 22336956)" href="#reference-A34124">7</a></sup></p>