<section id="s0005" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0030" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Our authentic lives have engendered a growing interest in life quality and the concept of well-being related to health</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Charter includes integrating well-being, the meaning of welfare, and happiness, which defines human health as being disease-free and living a life of complete physical, mental, and social well-being</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. A life of physical health and mental serenity is referred to as well-being</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. People seek to enjoy the health of their bodies and minds and a wealthy lifestyle centered on health and the environment, rather than a life seeking material values or reputations, as well-being arises from a global lifestyle</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Throughout society, well-being themes are applied to food, home appliances, and fashion and are rapidly spreading with the keyword of health</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. </span></p><p id="p0030" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Eco-friendly building materials help nature and people cohabit in the real estate sector, establishing eco-friendly housing as a sustainable concept</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Well-being, which has become a new way of life, needs to be reviewed apropos the light environment of residential spaces used for rest, comfort, peace, and relaxation</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Lighting offers a visual stimulus and a work environment in a house-residential setting so that residents can see the contents, and it is crucial for making the interior attractive and pleasant and the link to human health</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. However, to date, a tremendous oversight has obliterated the significance of light. Light is alive in its fundamental role of illuminating a space, delivering an appropriate amount of brightness consistently independent of the place's purpose and function and in users' psychological and mental characteristics</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">.</span></p><p id="p0035" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">In the United Arab Emirates, UAE Government's 2021 objective is to be the best in the world on the Human Development Index</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;and the happiest of all nations for the residents to feel a sense of belonging</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. In 2016. His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Vice-President and Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai announced the new National Programme for Happiness and Well-being, which sets government policies, programs, and services that can promote virtues of a positive lifestyle in the community and a plan for the development of a happiness index to measure people's satisfaction</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">.</span></p><p id="p0040" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Along with UAE's national strategy, The Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology (ESMA) introduced the indoor lighting standard not only for helping reduce energy consumption but ensuring a reduction in carbon emissions</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. These new lighting scene standards save 668&nbsp;M AED annually (approximately 452&nbsp;M AED in the residential sector), removing 940,000 tons of carbon emissions</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. The UAE government is well aware of energy consumption and the reduction in carbon emissions in the quantitative analysis for lighting, although lighting for well-being is not well defined for psychological and mental health</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Analogously, current trends, technology, and national efforts are the background of this study that attempts to present new strategic lighting layouts (lighting scenes) standards related to light in residential spaces. The paper aims for a healthy life by presenting and simulating to the users the natural lighting diversity all over the day to cope with the circadian rhythm for physical and mental well-being in Dubai, UAE, by using innovative artificial lamps.</span></p></section><section id="s0010" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"><h2 id="st020" class="u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 32px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1.2rem !important; line-height: 1.333 !important;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;"><b>Materials and methods:</b></span></h2><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0045" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/illuminance" title="Learn more about Illuminance from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Illuminance</span></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;is the light flux per unit area incident on a specific space, expressed in lux units</span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. A person's brightness in everyday life varies significantly from 0.2&nbsp;lx of moonlight to 100,000&nbsp;lx of midday sunlight</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Therefore, illuminance is the basis of lighting design for the characteristics of space and human behavior and is an essential factor for realizing healthy lighting.</span></p><section id="s0015" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"><h3 id="st025" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Circadian rhythm:</span></b></h3><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p id="p0065" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">There is a definitive relationship between light brightness and circadian rhythm</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Light is the most critical stimulant to change the circadian rhythm</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Circadian System refers to the internal body clock, which collectively refers to the three regular rhythms of body, emotion, and intelligence.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;The circadian system regulates physiological rhythms such as human body temperature, sleep pattern, hormone secretion, and blood pressure</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. A melatonin hormone made during sleep plays a vital role in regulating biological rhythms so that the body's overall function is in harmony.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Melatonin decreases when exposed to light in the morning, rises from around the evening, and increases gradually the night; it reaches its peak at 2:00 am to 3:00 am, and when dawn approaches, the amount of secretion decreases sharply, maintaining a low level from the morning</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. As such, melatonin is reduced by light, so it is meaningful to secrete appropriate melatonin through step-by-step brightness control before waking up or going to sleep</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Therefore, the human retina's light plays a vital role in seeing objects and matching the human body's rhythm to the 24-hour cycle</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. The below figure</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;shows the hormones and body cycles related to light, where the illumination control can adjust the biological rhythm to suit the human body's characteristics and life patterns</span><img src="/media/django-summernote/2022-11-13/3f5c1482-5924-4122-93b5-2920fdc013d6.png" style="width: 577.983px;"></p><figure class="figure text-xs" id="f0005" style="margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 8px 0px 0px; font-size: 0.7rem; line-height: 1.57; border-top: 1px solid rgb(185, 185, 185); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(185, 185, 185);"><span class="captions" style="margin: 16px 24px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 16px;"><span id="cn0005" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p id="sp0025" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span class="label" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">Fig.</span></p></span></span></figure></div></section><section id="s0020" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"><h3 id="st030" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;<b>Vision and lighting:</b></span></h3><p id="p0070" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">There is a close correlation between light brightness and circadian rhythm</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. The human eye can see a wide range of brightness during the day, from tens of thousands of luxe to less than 1&nbsp;lx at nighttime</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Bright and dark adaptation are two types of responses linked to light luminosity. Generally, it takes about 30&nbsp;min to change from bright adaptation to dark adaptation, and on the contrary, bright adaptation when coming out from a dark place to a bright one is concise, about 200&nbsp;ms</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. However, age affects visual perception; the older, the more the eye cells' sensitivity to feel and respond to light decreases, and the sensitivity of the abstract body and rod to respond to the quantitative change of light decreases with age</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. As a result, the time required for dark adaptation increases, and at the same time, the adaptability to variation decreases, making it difficult to see an object in a dark place. In a residential environment, measures for the difference in brightness between the background and the subject or lighting are necessary, so a lighting layout that can adjust the illuminance and color temperature according to age should be considered in a residential space as the functionality of these spaces.</span></p></section><p id="p0045" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;"></p><section id="s0030" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"></section><p></p><section id="s0025" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; display: block; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><h3 id="st035" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important;"><span style="font-weight: 400 !important; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;"><b>Psychology and lighting:</b></span></h3><p id="p0075" style="font-weight: 400; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The human brain emits different brain waves depending on the state of the body or the state of mind, and through these brain waves, it is possible to grasp the state of the brain</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Because light detects color not only by the eyes but also by the skin, the muscles are also tense by the light</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. People generally respond faster than usual when they receive bright or red light, and the response when they receive dark or green light is rather delayed</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Therefore, interior architects must do a lighting study in terms of brightness and hue, as these factors have a significant impact on the physical and psychological of the users. Color always exists and has much influence on our lives. Color selection occurs based on scientific psychology, physiology, lighting, and aesthetics</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. As culture develops, using color's psychological and physiological effects becomes more decisive</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;Humans have various psychological reactions in space according to the direction of lighting. The projecting role of light is for visual activities, but the range of light is broad enough to affect environmental factors. Even in the same space, it is possible to create a space that changes in various ways according to the usage of light</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">. Lighting has a visual effect of reducing or expanding a given interior and acts as an element that affects the expression or size of the room or the height of the ceiling.</span></p><p id="p0075" style="font-weight: 400; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(80, 80, 80);">Results:</b><br></p><p id="p0120" style="margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The theoretical review and analysis of new lighting sources led to the following new lighting proposal developed for each interior space by finding the relationship between the residential space requirements and the light strategy for the interior environment. The proposals consider simulating the natural lighting levels and colors that improve the users' biorhythms and visualities by the artificial lighting sources. The proposals are for one apartment for a typical family that needs to be composed of a Master Bedroom, Children's Room, Living Area, Bathroom, and Miscellaneous Space, using the recommended light level and the color temperature that follows the circadian rhythms.</span></p></section><div class="tables frame-topbot rowsep-0 colsep-0" id="t0005" style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &quot;Cambria Math&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, serif;"><span class="captions" style="margin: 16px 24px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px; font-size: 16px;"><span id="cn0035" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></span></div></div></section>