(2291,'Whole-brain preclinical study illuminates how epileptic seizures originate','whole-brain-preclinical-study-illuminates-how-epileptic-seizures-originate','2022-04-20 19:55:07.142853',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">New evidence from a zebrafish model of epilepsy may help resolve a debate into how seizures originate, according to Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian investigators. The findings may also be useful in the discovery and development of future epilepsy drugs.</p><p>In the study, published Feb. 23 in <em>Brain</em>, the researchers were able to track the activities of neurons throughout the entire brains of larval zebrafish during seizures. They showed that the seizures originated from an excess of \"excitatory\" over \"inhibitory\" brain cell activity in relatively confined regions of the brain and spread only when they overcame strong inhibitory activity in surrounding regions.</p><p>Neurons in the brain come in two broad categories: excitatory neurons whose activity stimulates the activity of other neurons, and inhibitory neurons whose activity quiets other neurons. Some recent studies have indicated that surges in the activity of inhibitory neurons can paradoxically trigger seizures. The new findings suggest otherwise.</p><p>\"What\'s really nice about the zebrafish model is that we can image every brain region, and in this model, for the first time, we were able to distinguish and track the activity of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons,\" said first author Dr. James Niemeyer, a postdoctoral associate in neurological surgery at Weill Cornell Medicine. \"So, this is a good starting point for examining the nuanced roles of these cell types during seizures.\"</p><p>Dr. Niemeyer is a member of the laboratory of co-senior author Dr. Theodore Schwartz, who is the David and Ursel Barnes Professor of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery and vice chair for clinical research at the Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center at Weill Cornell Medicine and a neurosurgeon at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. The other co-senior authors of the study are Dr. Hongtao Ma, associate professor of neuroscience research in neurological surgery, and Dr. Emre Aksay, associate professor of physiology and biophysics, both at Weill Cornell Medicine.</p><p>Epilepsy is common, afflicting roughly fifty million people around the world at any one time. But how it originates has never been entirely clear. On the one hand, there is evidence that seizures arise from zones in the brain that favor excitatory neuron activity over the usual restraining influence of inhibitory neurons. On the other hand, several recent studies have suggested that excessive activity in inhibitory neurons may trigger seizures -- some researchers have observed earlier seizure activity in these cells. This has left a gap in understanding of the different roles of excitation and inhibition in seizures.</p><p>\"The issue has been hard to resolve, due to the challenges involved in distinguishing and tracking excitatory and inhibitory neuron activity across multiple brain regions in an awake animal,\" said Dr. Schwartz, who is also a professor of neurological surgery and of neuroscience at Weill Cornell Medicine.</p><p>With the zebrafish, the researchers were able to surmount those challenges. Using special fluorescent probes, electrical recordings and a technique called two-photon microscopy, they simultaneously distinguished and tracked excitatory and inhibitory neurons\' activity across the brain, before and during seizures induced by a standard chemical method.</p><p>They observed that seizures in this model tend to originate in the midbrain, at sites with a heavy imbalance of excitatory over inhibitory neuronal activity. Surrounding zones were much more weighted towards inhibitory activity, and evidently for this reason were able to resist, at least briefly, the spread of seizure activity from the initiating zone.</p><p>Prior studies that pointed to inhibitory neurons as seizure triggers may in some cases have detected only these highly inhibitory propagation zones rather than the initiating zone, the researchers suggested.</p><p>\"We did find overactive inhibitory neurons in the propagation zones, but the advantage of our approach is that we can image across all brain regions to determine where the seizure originates,\" said Dr. Aksay, who is also associate professor of computational neuroscience in computational biomedicine in the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine at Weill Cornell Medicine.</p><p>The team plan to use their zebrafish model for epilepsy drug screening and hope to confirm their findings in future experiments looking across multiple brain regions in a mouse model.</p><p>The research was funded in part by a Weill Cornell Medicine seed grant for multidisciplinary research involving clinical and basic science departments.</p>','2022-04-20 19:55:07.142853','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Weill Cornell Medicine','New evidence from a zebrafish model of epilepsy may help resolve a debate into how seizures originate, according to investigators. The findings may also be useful in the discovery and development of future epilepsy drugs.\n',1,27,'<li>James E. Niemeyer, Poornima Gadamsetty, Chanwoo Chun, Sherika Sylvester, Jacob P. Lucas, Hongtao Ma, Theodore H. Schwartz, Emre R. F. Aksay. <strong>Seizures initiate in zones of relative hyperexcitation in a zebrafish epilepsy model</strong>. <em>Brain</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac073\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1093/brain/awac073</a>\n</li>'),(2292,'Astronomers discover micronovae, a new kind of stellar explosion','astronomers-discover-micronovae,-a-new-kind-of-stellar-explosion','2022-04-20 19:58:15.626653',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">A team of astronomers, with the help of the European Southern Observatory\'s Very Large Telescope (ESO\'s VLT), have observed a new type of stellar explosion -- a micronova. These outbursts happen on the surface of certain stars, and can each burn through around 3.5 billion Great Pyramids of Giza of stellar material in only a few hours.</p><p>\"We have discovered and identified for the first time what we are calling a micronova,\" explains Simone Scaringi, an astronomer at Durham University in the UK who led the study on these explosions published today in Nature. \"The phenomenon challenges our understanding of how thermonuclear explosions in stars occur. We thought we knew this, but this discovery proposes a totally new way to achieve them,\" he adds.</p><p>Micronovae are extremely powerful events, but are small on astronomical scales; they are much less energetic than the stellar explosions known as novae, which astronomers have known about for centuries. Both types of explosions occur on white dwarfs, dead stars with a mass about that of our Sun, but as small as Earth.</p><p>A white dwarf in a two-star system can steal material, mostly hydrogen, from its companion star if they are close enough together. As this gas falls onto the very hot surface of the white dwarf star, it triggers the hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium explosively. In novae, these thermonuclear explosions occur over the entire stellar surface. \"Such detonations make the entire surface of the white dwarf burn and shine brightly for several weeks,\" explains co-author Nathalie Degenaar, an astronomer at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.</p><p>Micronovae are similar explosions that are smaller in scale and faster, lasting just several hours. They occur on some white dwarfs with strong magnetic fields, which funnel material towards the star\'s magnetic poles. \"For the first time, we have now seen that hydrogen fusion can also happen in a localised way. The hydrogen fuel can be contained at the base of the magnetic poles of some white dwarfs, so that fusion only happens at these magnetic poles,\" says Paul Groot, an astronomer at Radboud University in the Netherlands and co-author of the study.</p><p>\"This leads to micro-fusion bombs going off, which have about one millionth of the strength of a nova explosion, hence the name micronova,\" Groot continues. Although \'micro\' may imply these events are small, do not be mistaken: just one of these outbursts can burn through about 20,000,000 trillion kg, or about 3.5 billion Great Pyramids of Giza, of material.*</p><p>These new micronovae challenge astronomers\' understanding of stellar explosions and may be more abundant than previously thought. \"It just goes to show how dynamic the Universe is. These events may actually be quite common, but because they are so fast they are difficult to catch in action,\" Scaringi explains.</p><p>The team first came across these mysterious micro-explosions when analysing data from NASA\'s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). \"Looking through astronomical data collected by NASA\'s TESS, we discovered something unusual: a bright flash of optical light lasting for a few hours. Searching further, we found several similar signals,\" says Degenaar.</p><p>The team observed three micronovae with TESS: two were from known white dwarfs, but the third required further observations with the X-shooter instrument on ESO\'s VLT to confirm its white dwarf status.</p><p>\"With help from ESO\'s Very Large Telescope, we found that all these optical flashes were produced by white dwarfs,\" says Degenaar. \"This observation was crucial in interpreting our result and for the discovery of micronovae,\" Scaringi adds.</p><p>The discovery of micronovae adds to the repertoire of known stellar explosions. The team now want to capture more of these elusive events, requiring large scale surveys and quick follow-up measurements. \"Rapid response from telescopes such as the VLT or ESO\'s New Technology Telescope and the suite of available instruments will allow us to unravel in more detail what these mysterious micronovae are,\" Scaringi concludes.</p><p><strong>Note</strong>:</p><p>*We use trillion to mean a million million (1,000,000,000,000 or 10<sup>12</sup>) and billion to mean a thousand million (1,000,000,000 or 10<sup>9</sup>). The weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Cairo, Egypt (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or Pyramid of Cheops) is about 5,900,000,000 kg.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 19:58:15.626653','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'ESO','A team of astronomers has observed a new type of stellar explosion -- a micronova. These outbursts happen on the surface of certain stars, and can each burn through around 3.5 billion Great Pyramids of Giza of stellar material in only a few hours.\n',1,192,'<li>Scaringi, S., Groot, P.J., Knigge, C. et al. <strong>Localized thermonuclear bursts from accreting magnetic white dwarfs</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04495-6\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04495-6</a>\n</li>'),(2293,'In the race to solve Alzheimer\'s disease, scientists find more needles in the haystack','in-the-race-to-solve-alzheimer\'s-disease,-scientists-find-more-needles-in-the-haystack','2022-04-20 20:24:03.798621',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">21 million. That\'s the number of genetic variations in the human genome that researchers are sifting to identify patterns predisposing people to Alzheimer\'s disease.</p><p>It\'s a huge haystack, and Alzheimer\'s-related genetic variations, like needles, are miniscule in comparison. Sudha Seshadri, MD, and other faculty at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio) readily attest to the deep gulf between what is known about Alzheimer\'s genetics and what is yet to be discovered.</p><p>Dr. Seshadri, Habil Zare, PhD, and colleagues at the university\'s Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\'s and Neurodegenerative Diseases are investigators on a global project to answer the many Alzheimer\'s riddles. Dr. Seshadri is a founding principal investigator of the International Genomics of Alzheimer\'s Project, commonly called IGAP. Glenn Biggs Institute faculty contributed data for the newest research from IGAP, published April 4 in <em>Nature Genetics</em>, and helped craft the discussion on implications of the findings, Dr. Seshadri said.</p><p><strong>Large sample</strong></p><p>Genomic data of half a million people were used in this latest IGAP study, including 30,000 people with confirmed Alzheimer\'s disease and 47,000 people categorized as proxies. Researchers could not be sure that proxy participants had Alzheimer\'s clinically, but they were included based on conversations with their children.</p><p>\"In Alzheimer\'s disease research you need many samples, because some of these variants are very rare, and if you want to detect them, you need to study many, many people,\" said Dr. Zare, assistant professor of cell systems and anatomy in the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine and an expert in computational biology and bioinformatics. \"The only way to get there is through collaboration between centers and consortia, and IGAP was established for such kind of collaboration.\"</p><p>IGAP conducts genome-wide association studies. These studies reveal areas of the genome, the encyclopedia of human genes, that vary between people who have Alzheimer\'s disease and people who don\'t.</p><p>\"We are looking for the genetic basis so as to better understand all the different types of biology that may be responsible for Alzheimer\'s disease,\" said Dr. Seshadri, founding director of the Biggs Institute and professor of neurology in the Long School of Medicine. \"As we include data from more and more people, we are able to find variants that are fairly rare, that are only seen in about 1% of the population.\"</p><p><strong>Sea change</strong></p><p>In 2009, the year of the first genome-wide association studies, researchers knew of one gene, called APOE, associated with late-onset Alzheimer\'s disease. Before the April 4 journal publication, researchers had a list of 40 such genes. The new paper confirmed 33 of them in a larger population sample and added 42 new genetic variants not described before.</p><p>\"We\'ve doubled the number of genes that we know are associated with Alzheimer\'s disease,\" Dr. Seshadri said. \"Each of these genetic variants is a route to understanding the biology and a potential target for treatment.\"</p><p>Emerging pathways of Alzheimer\'s biology suggest the involvement of inflammation, cell senescence, central nervous system cells called microglia, and many others. Finding genetic variations will shed light on these pathways.</p><p>\"A certain percentage of them are what are called druggable targets,\" Dr. Zare said. \"Some are considered more likely to yield drugs.\"</p><p><strong>Diversity needed</strong></p><p>The study published in <em>Nature Genetics</em> is confined to certain people groups, which makes it impossible to generalize the gene variations worldwide.</p><p>One of the challenges with this paper, as well, is it is largely in persons of European ancestry,\" Dr. Seshadri said. \"So, we hope to bring, over the next few years, a much larger sample of Hispanic and other minority populations to further improve gene discovery.\"</p><p>The South Texas Alzheimer\'s Disease Research Center (ADRC), a collaboration of the Glenn Biggs Institute, UT Health San Antonio and The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, is on a mission to bring the region\'s sizable Hispanic population into genetic studies and other initiatives such as clinical trials. ADRCs are National Institute on Aging Centers of Excellence.</p><p>Older Hispanic adults are estimated to be at 1.5 times greater risk of Alzheimer\'s and other dementias than non-Hispanic whites. Dementia is costing individuals, caregivers, families and the nation an estimated $321 billion in 2022, according to the Alzheimer\'s Association.</p><p>\"Our South Texas ADRC is here to treat people and make discoveries that lead to better treatments,\" Dr. Seshadri said.</p><p>The needles in the haystack are being located, and this is having results.</p><p>\"We are part of this international team and are finding a lot of needles in this huge haystack of 21 million variants,\" Dr. Zare said.</p><p><strong>Partners are crucial</strong></p><p>Dr. Seshadri said a gene called <em>SP1</em> is being considered for drug development by industry. <em>SP1</em> was identified in an earlier study conducted by IGAP.</p><p>\"That was a clue discovered years ago and now we have more clues, and hopefully we will have more promising targets in the near future,\" Dr. Zare said.</p><p>As the quest to end the suffering endured by individuals and families continues, the researchers acknowledge the partners who play significant roles.</p><p>\"We would like to thank each of the collaborators within IGAP, and all the patients and families that join such studies, and the National Institute on Aging, which is our funder,\" Dr. Seshadri said.</p><p><strong>New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer\'s disease and related dementias</strong></p><p>Researchers listed in the paper and affiliated with the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\'s and Neurodegenerative Diseases at UT Health San Antonio are Bernard Fongang, Xueqiu Jian, Claudia L. Satizabal, Habil Zare, Maryam Bahadori, Monica Goss, Timothy Hughes, Debora Melo van Lent, Sudha Seshadri and Alfredo Ramirez.</p>','2022-04-20 20:24:03.798621','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio','The International Genomics of Alzheimer\'s Project (IGAP) analyzed millions of genetic variants to come up with the latest listing of 75 variations associated with Alzheimer\'s disease.\n',1,179,'<li>Céline Bellenguez et al. <strong>New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias</strong>. <em>Nature Genetics</em>, 2022; 54 (4): 412 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z</a>\n</li>'),(2294,'Why Venus rotates, slowly, despite sun\'s powerful grip','why-venus-rotates,-slowly,-despite-sun\'s-powerful-grip','2022-04-20 20:44:19.919970',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">If not for the soupy, fast-moving atmosphere on Venus, Earth\'s sister planet would likely not rotate. Instead, Venus would be locked in place, always facing the sun the way the same side of the moon always faces Earth.</p><p>The gravity of a large object in space can keep a smaller object from spinning, a phenomenon called tidal locking. Because it prevents this locking, a UC Riverside scientist argues the atmosphere needs to be a more prominent factor in studies of Venus as well as other planets.</p><p>These arguments, as well as descriptions of Venus as a partially tidally locked planet, were published today in a <em>Nature Astronomy</em> article.</p><p>\"We think of the atmosphere as a thin, almost separate layer on top of a planet that has minimal interaction with the solid planet,\" said Stephen Kane, UCR astrophysicist and lead paper author. \"Venus\' powerful atmosphere teaches us that it\'s a much more integrated part of the planet that affects absolutely everything, even how fast the planet rotates.\"</p><p>Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate one time, but its atmosphere circulates the planet every four days. Extremely fast winds cause the atmosphere to drag along the surface of the planet as it circulates, slowing its rotation while also loosening the grip of the sun\'s gravity.</p><p>Slow rotation in turn has dramatic consequences for the sweltering Venusian climate, with average temperatures of up to 900 degrees Fahrenheit -- hot enough to melt lead.</p><p>\"It\'s incredibly alien, a wildly different experience than being on Earth,\" Kane said. \"Standing on the surface of Venus would be like standing at the bottom of a very hot ocean. You couldn\'t breathe on it.\"</p><p>One reason for the heat is that nearly all of the sun\'s energy absorbed by the planet is soaked up by Venus\' atmosphere, never reaching the surface. This means that a rover with solar panels like the one NASA sent to Mars wouldn\'t work.</p><p>The Venusian atmosphere also blocks the sun\'s energy from leaving the planet, preventing cooling or liquid water on its surface, a state known as a runaway greenhouse effect.</p><p>It is unclear whether being partially tidally locked contributes to this runaway greenhouse state, a condition which ultimately renders a planet uninhabitable by life as we know it.</p><p>Not only is it important to gain clarity on this question to understand Venus, it is important for studying the exoplanets likely to be targeted for future NASA missions.</p><p>Most of the planets likely to be observed with the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope are very close to their stars, even closer than Venus is to the sun. Therefore, they\'re also likely to be tidally locked.</p><p>Since humans may never be able to visit exoplanets in person, making sure computer models account for the effects of tidal locking is critical. \"Venus is our opportunity to get these models correct, so we can properly understand the surface environments of planets around other stars,\" Kane said.</p><p>\"We aren\'t doing a good job of considering this right now. We\'re mostly using Earth-type models to interpret the properties of exoplanets. Venus is waving both arms around saying, \'look over here!\'\"</p><p>Gaining clarity about the factors that contributed to a runaway greenhouse state on Venus, Earth\'s closest planetary neighbor, can also help improve models of what could one day happen to Earth\'s climate.</p><p>\"Ultimately, my motivation in studying Venus is to better understand the Earth,\" Kane said.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 20:44:19.919970','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of California - Riverside','If not for the soupy, fast-moving atmosphere on Venus, Earth\'s sister planet would likely not rotate. Instead, Venus would be locked in place, always facing the sun the way the same side of the moon always faces Earth.\n',1,27,'<li>Stephen R. Kane. <strong>Atmospheric dynamics of a near tidally locked Earth-sized planet</strong>. <em>Nature Astronomy</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01626-x\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41550-022-01626-x</a>\n</li>'),(2295,'New technology 3D-prints glass microstructures with rays of light','new-technology-3d-prints-glass-microstructures-with-rays-of-light','2022-04-20 21:10:22.818227',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a new way to 3D-print glass microstructures that is faster and produces objects with higher optical quality, design flexibility and strength, according to a new study published in the April 15 issue of the journal <em>Science</em>.</p><p>Working with scientists from the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany, the researchers expanded the capabilities of a 3D-printing process they developed three years ago -- computed axial lithography (CAL) -- to print much finer features and to print in glass. They dubbed this new system \"micro-CAL.\"</p><p>Glass is the preferred material for creating complex microscopic objects, including lenses in compact, high-quality cameras used in smartphones and endoscopes, as well as microfluidic devices used to analyze or process minute amounts of liquid. But current manufacturing methods can be slow, expensive and limited in their ability to meet industry\'s increasing demands.</p><p>The CAL process is fundamentally different from today\'s industrial 3D-printing manufacturing processes, which build up objects from thin layers of material. This technique can be time-intensive and result in rough surface texture. CAL, however, 3D-prints the entire object simultaneously. Researchers use a laser to project patterns of light into a rotating volume of light-sensitive material, building up a 3D light dose that then solidifies in the desired shape. The layer-less nature of the CAL process enables smooth surfaces and complex geometries.</p><p>This study pushes the boundaries of CAL to demonstrate its ability to print microscale features in glass structures. \"When we first published this method in 2019, CAL could print objects into polymers with features down to about a third of a millimeter in size,\" said Hayden Taylor, principal investigator and professor of mechanical engineering at UC Berkeley. \"Now, with micro-CAL, we can print objects in polymers with features down to about 20 millionths of a meter, or about a quarter of a human hair\'s breadth. And for the first time, we have shown how this method can print not only into polymers but also into glass, with features down to about 50 millionths of a meter.\"</p><p>To print the glass, Taylor and his research team collaborated with scientists from the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, who have developed a special resin material containing nanoparticles of glass surrounded by a light-sensitive binder liquid. Digital light projections from the printer solidify the binder, then the researchers heat the printed object to remove the binder and fuse the particles together into a solid object of pure glass.</p><p>\"The key enabler here is that the binder has a refractive index that is virtually identical to that of the glass, so that light passes through the material with virtually no scattering,\" said Taylor. \"The CAL printing process and this Glassomer [GmbH]-developed material are a perfect match for each other.\"</p><p>The research team, which included lead author Joseph Toombs, a Ph.D. student in Taylor\'s lab, also ran tests and discovered that the CAL-printed glass objects had more consistent strength than those made using a conventional layer-based printing process. \"Glass objects tend to break more easily when they contain more flaws or cracks, or have a rough surface,\" said Taylor. \"CAL\'s ability to make objects with smoother surfaces than other, layer-based 3D-printing processes is therefore a big potential advantage.\"</p><p>The CAL 3D-printing method offers manufacturers of microscopic glass objects a new and more efficient way to meet customers\' demanding requirements for geometry, size and optical and mechanical properties. Specifically, this includes manufacturers of microscopic optical components, which are a key part of compact cameras, virtual reality headsets, advanced microscopes and other scientific instruments. \"Being able to make these components faster and with more geometric freedom could potentially lead to new device functions or lower-cost products,\" said Taylor.</p><p>This study was funded by the National Science Foundation, the European Research Council, the Carl Zeiss Foundation, the German Research Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:10:22.818227','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of California - Berkeley','Researchers have developed a new way to 3D-print glass microstructures that is faster and produces objects with higher optical quality, design flexibility and strength.\n',1,96,'<li>Joseph T. Toombs, Manuel Luitz, Caitlyn C. Cook, Sophie Jenne, Chi Chung Li, Bastian E. Rapp, Frederik Kotz-Helmer, Hayden K. Taylor. <strong>Volumetric additive manufacturing of silica glass with microscale computed axial lithography</strong>. <em>Science</em>, 2022; 376 (6590): 308 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm6459\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1126/science.abm6459</a>\n</li>'),(2296,'Everyday plastic products release trillions of microscopic particles into water','everyday-plastic-products-release-trillions-of-microscopic-particles-into-water','2022-04-20 21:10:33.583557',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Plastics surround us, whether it\'s the grocery bags we use at the supermarket or household items such as shampoo and detergent bottles. Plastics don\'t exist only as large objects, but also as microscopic particles that are released from these larger products. These microscopic plastics can end up in the environment, and they can be ingested into our bodies.</p><p>Now, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have analyzed a couple of widely used consumer products to better understand these microscopic plastics. They found that when the plastic products are exposed to hot water, they release trillions of nanoparticles per liter into the water.</p><p>The NIST researchers published their findings in the scientific journal <em>Environmental Science and Technology.</em></p><p>\"The main takeaway here is that there are plastic particles wherever we look. There are a lot of them. Trillions per liter. We don\'t know if those have bad health effects on people or animals. We just have a high confidence that they\'re there,\" said NIST chemist Christopher Zangmeister.</p><p>There are many different types of plastic materials, but they are all made up of polymers, natural or human-made substances composed of large molecules linked together. Scientists have found microscopic particles from these larger plastics in the oceans and many other environments. Researchers categorize them into two groups: micro- and nanoplastics.</p><p>Microplastics are generally considered smaller than 5 millimeters in length and could be seen by the naked eye, while nanoplastics are smaller than one millionth of a meter (one micrometer) and most can\'t even be seen with a standard microscope. Recent studies have shown some consumer products that hold liquids or interact with them, such as polypropylene (PP) baby bottles and nylon plastic tea bags, release these plastic particles into the surrounding water.</p><p>In their study, the NIST researchers looked at two types of commercial plastic products: food-grade nylon bags, such as baking liners -- clear plastic sheets placed in baking pans to create a nonstick surface that prevents moisture loss -- and single-use hot beverage cups, such as coffee cups. The beverage cups they analyzed were coated with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a soft flexible plastic film often used as a liner.</p><p>The LDPE-lined beverage cups were exposed to water at 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) for 20 minutes.</p><p>To analyze the nanoparticles released from these plastic products, the researchers first needed to determine how to detect them. \"Imagine having a cup of water in a generic to-go coffee cup. It could have many billions of particles, and we would need to figure out how to find these nanoplastics. It\'s like finding a needle in a haystack,\" Zangmeister said.</p><p>So, he and his colleagues had to use a new approach. \"We used a way of taking the water that\'s in the cup, spraying it out into a fine mist, and drying the mist and all that\'s left within the solution,\" said Zangmeister. Through this process, the nanoparticles are isolated from the rest of the solution.</p><p>The technique itself has previously been used to detect tiny particles in the atmosphere. \"So, we\'re not reinventing the wheel but applying it to a new area,\" said Zangmeister.</p><p>After the mist was dried, the nanoparticles in it were sorted by their size and charge. Researchers could then specify a particular size, for example nanoparticles around 100 nanometers, and pass them into a particle counter. The nanoparticles were exposed to a hot vapor of butanol, a type of alcohol, then cooled down rapidly. As the alcohol condensed, the particles swelled from the size of nanometers to micrometers, making them much more detectable. This process is automated and run by a computer program, which counts the particles.</p><p>Researchers could also identify the chemical composition of the nanoparticles by placing them on a surface and observing them with techniques known as scanning electron microscopy, which takes high-resolution images of a sample using a beam of high-energy electrons, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a technique that captures the infrared-light spectrum of a gas, solid or liquid.</p><p>All these techniques used together provided a fuller picture of the size and composition of the nanoparticles.</p><p>In their analysis and observations, the researchers found that the average size of the nanoparticles was between 30 nanometers and 80 nanometers, with few above 200 nanometers. Additionally, the concentration of nanoparticles released into hot water from food-grade nylon was seven times higher compared with the single-use beverage cups.</p><p>\"In the last decade scientists have found plastics wherever we looked in the environment. People have looked at snow in Antarctica, the bottom of glacial lakes, and found microplastics bigger than about 100 nanometers, meaning they were likely not small enough to enter a cell and cause physical problems,\" said Zangmeister.</p><p>\"Our study is different because these nanoparticles are really small and a big deal because they could get inside of a cell, possibly disrupting its function,\" said Zangmeister, who also stressed that no one has determined that would be the case.</p><p>The U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the plastics that touch the food we eat or the water we drink. The agency has standards and safety measures in place to determine what\'s safe. The FDA\'s researchers run rigorous tests on these plastics and measure how much plastic mass is lost when exposed to hot water. For example, the FDA has determined that food grade nylon (such as that used in tea bags) can safely lose up to 1% of its mass under high-temperature conditions. In the NIST study using their new technique, the researchers found one tenth of a percent of the mass was lost, which is significantly below current FDA limits for what\'s considered safe.</p><p>Zangmeister noted there isn\'t a commonly used test for measuring LDPE that is released into water from samples like coffee cups, but there are tests for nylon plastics. The findings from this study could help in efforts to develop such tests. In the meantime, Zangmeister and his team have analyzed additional consumer products and materials, such as fabrics, cotton polyester, plastic bags and water stored in plastic pipes.</p><p>The findings from this study, combined with those from the other types of materials analyzed, will open new avenues of research in this area going forward. \"Most of the studies on this topic are written toward educating fellow scientists. This paper will do both: educate scientists and perform public outreach,\" said Zangmeister.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:10:33.583557','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)','Plastics surround us, whether it\'s the grocery bags we use at the supermarket or household items such as shampoo and detergent bottles. Plastics don\'t exist only as large objects, but also as microscopic particles that are released from these larger products. These microscopic plastics can end up in the environment, and they can be ingested into our bodies.\n',1,27,'<li>Christopher D. Zangmeister, James G. Radney, Kurt D. Benkstein, Berc Kalanyan. <strong>Common Single-Use Consumer Plastic Products Release Trillions of Sub-100 nm Nanoparticles per Liter into Water during Normal Use</strong>. <em>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06768\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1021/acs.est.1c06768</a>\n</li>'),(2297,'Arm movement and running speed: Is the partnership overrated?','arm-movement-and-running-speed:-is-the-partnership-overrated?','2022-04-20 21:10:35.411653',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">New research into human speed from a team at SMU (Southern Methodist University,) and West Chester University suggests that athletes who performed short sprints with their arms closed across their chests were nearly as fast as when they sprinted with their normal arm swing.</p><p>The findings, published in the journal <em>Gait &amp; Posture</em>, offer additional fundamental insights regarding limb synchronization during sprint performance.</p><p>\"Our findings suggest the classic view that arm swing directly drives leg motion to affect performance is not well-supported,\" said Peter Weyand, an expert in human speed who leads SMU\'s Locomotor Performance Lab.</p><p>The coauthors of the research are lead author Lance C. Brooks, a doctoral student studying with Weyand in the Department of Applied Physiology &amp; Wellness; Weyand, who is Glenn Simmons Endowed Professor of Applied Physiology and Biomechanics in the Department of Applied Physiology &amp; Wellness in SMU\'s Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education &amp; Human Development; and Kenneth P. Clark, an associate professor in the Department of Kinesiology at West Chester University. Brooks previously studied under Clark at West Chester University as he completed his master\'s degree in exercise science and biomechanics.</p><p>The study examined the velocity of participants first sprinting 30 meters with regular arm motion, then again with restricted arm motion. When study participants sprinted with restricted arm motion, their 30-meter sprint time slowed down by only 0.08 seconds on average, a 1.6 percent difference from when the participants sprinted while moving their arms.</p><p>\"We were surprised by the small magnitude of difference between the two experimental conditions. It is generally believed that the arms substantially influence the movement of the legs, and therefore running speed, which clearly is not the case,\" Brooks said.</p><p>\"When the athletes sprinted with restricted arm swing, the torso rotated back and forth appreciably more than normal to counterbalance the swinging legs,\" Brooks added. \"We believe that this extra torso rotation effectively compensated for arm swing to help maintain the body\'s forward-facing orientation and the overall mechanics needed for speed.\"</p><p>The study\'s results strongly suggest that human runners use arm motion to prevent the body from rotating away from its forward-facing orientation.</p><p>\"The compensatory torso twisting movements we observed during arm motion restriction indicate that runners swing their arms as the simplest and most natural strategy to prevent undesirable bodily rotations,\" Clark said.</p><p>Do the team\'s findings mean we will see less arm-swinging among sprinters in competitive sprinting? Probably not, as the difference in timed results is often razor-thin in timed competitions. The researchers point to the results of the 2020 Olympics Men\'s 100-meter final, where the difference between the Gold and Bronze medal was only 0.09 seconds.</p><p>But the study\'s findings are still an important step toward better understanding the influence of arm rotation on sprint performance.</p><p>\"Virtually all runners choose to swing their arms to maintain a forward-facing position,\" Weyand said. \"The classic studies on the \'why\' of arm motion during human locomotion are 40 or more years old and focused primarily on walking and jogging. So, performance effects were largely unknown,\" he said.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:10:35.411653','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Southern Methodist University','New research into human speed suggests that athletes who performed short sprints with their arms closed across their chests were nearly as fast as when they sprinted with their normal arm swing.\n',1,215,'<li>Lance C. Brooks, Peter G. Weyand, Kenneth P. Clark. <strong>Does restricting arm motion compromise short sprint running performance?</strong> <em>Gait &amp; Posture</em>, 2022; 94: 114 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.001\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.001</a>\n</li>'),(2298,'Stop the clocks: Brisk walking may slow biological aging process, study shows','stop-the-clocks:-brisk-walking-may-slow-biological-aging-process,-study-shows','2022-04-20 21:10:38.114688',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">A new study of genetic data published today (Wednesday) of more than 400,000 UK adults has revealed a clear link between walking pace and a genetic marker of biological age.</p><p>Confirming a causal link between walking pace and leucocyte telomere length (LTL) -- an indicator of biological age -- the Leicester-based team of researchers estimate that a lifetime of brisk walking could lead to the equivalent of 16 years younger biological age by midlife.</p><p>Researchers from the University of Leicester at the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre studied genetic data from 405,981 middle-aged UK Biobank participants and found that a faster walking pace, independent of the amount of physical activity, was associated with longer telomere.</p><p>Telomeres are the \'caps\' at the end of each chromosome, and hold repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from damage, similar to the way the cap at the end of a shoelace stops it from unravelling.</p><p>Each time a cell divides, these telomeres become shorter -- until a point where they become so short that the cell can no longer divide, known as \'replicative senescence\'. Therefore, scientists consider LTL a strong marker for \'biological age\', independent from when an individual was born.</p><p>Although the relationship between telomere length and disease is not fully understood, the build-up of these senescent cells is believed to contribute to a range of symptoms we associate with aging, such as frailty and age-related diseases.</p><p>While the physical, mental, social and health benefits of walking are well-documented, this study is one of the first of its kind to compare genetic data with both self-reported walking speeds, as well as actual measurements of movement intensity from wearable activity tracking devices worn by participants.</p><p>Dr Paddy Dempsey is a Lecturer and Research Fellow at the University of Leicester and within the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, part of the University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) NHS Trust, and lead author on the study published in <em>Communications Biology.</em> He said:</p><p>\"Previous research on associations between walking pace, physical activity and telomere length has been limited by inconsistent findings and a lack of high-quality data.</p><p>\"This research uses genetic data to provide stronger evidence for a causal link between faster walking pace and longer telomere length. Data from wrist-worn wearable activity tracking devices used to measure habitual physical activity also supported a stronger role of habitual activity intensity (e.g. faster walking) in relation to telomere length.</p><p>\"This suggests measures such as a habitually slower walking speed are a simple way of identifying people at greater risk of chronic disease or unhealthy ageing, and that activity intensity may play an important role in optimising interventions. For example, in addition to increasing overall walking, those who are able could aim to increase the number of steps completed in a given time (e.g. by walking faster to the bus stop). However, this requires further investigation.\"</p><p>Researchers from the University of Leicester have previously shown using UK Biobank that as little as 10 minutes of brisk walking a day is associated with longer life expectancy, and that brisk walkers have up to 20 years\' greater life expectancy compared to slow walkers.</p><p>This new study demonstrates a causal link between brisk walking and telomere length and, significantly, not the other way round.</p><p>Tom Yates, senior author and Professor of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Health at the University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, added:</p><p>\"Whilst we have previously shown that walking pace is a very strong predictor of health status, we have not been able to confirm that adopting a brisk walking pace actually causes better health. In this study we used information contained in people\'s genetic profile to show that a faster walking pace is indeed likely to lead to a younger biological age as measured by telomeres.\"</p><p>The study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, British Heart Foundation, and supported by the NIHR Leicester BRC -- a partnership between Leicester\'s Hospitals, the University of Leicester and Loughborough University.</p>','2022-04-20 21:10:38.114688','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Leicester','A new study of genetic data of more than 400,000 UK adults has revealed a clear link between walking pace and a genetic marker of biological age.\n',1,27,'<li>Paddy C. Dempsey, Crispin Musicha, Alex V. Rowlands, Melanie Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Cameron Razieh, Iain Timmins, Francesco Zaccardi, Veryan Codd, Christopher P. Nelson, Tom Yates, Nilesh J. Samani. <strong>Investigation of a UK biobank cohort reveals causal associations of self-reported walking pace with telomere length</strong>. <em>Communications Biology</em>, 2022; 5 (1) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03323-x\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s42003-022-03323-x</a>\n</li>'),(2299,'Multiple treatments to slow age-related muscle wasting','multiple-treatments-to-slow-age-related-muscle-wasting','2022-04-20 21:10:43.036438',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Everyone wants to stay fit and healthy as they grow old. But as we age, our body degrades, our muscles shrink and strength declines. Some older people suffer from excessive muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. University of Basel researchers show that a combination therapy could delay the onset of sarcopenia.</p><p>We now live longer than at any point in human history, but to enjoy those extra years, we need to remain healthy, mobile and independent. With age, however, our muscles inevitably lose mass and strength. This age-related muscle loss puts an end to an autonomous lifestyle for many elderly people, who must then rely on family or the healthcare system for daily support.</p><p><strong>Slowing age-related muscle loss</strong></p><p>\"Age-related muscle decline already occurs in our thirties but begins to accelerate at around 60. By age 80, we have lost about a third of our muscle mass,\" says Dr. Daniel Ham, one of the lead authors of the study now published in <em>\"Nature Communications\"</em>. \"Although this aging process cannot be stopped, it is possible to slow it down or counteract it, for example through exercise.\"</p><p>Researchers led by Professor Markus Rüegg at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel have demonstrated in mice that both calorie restriction and the drug rapamycin have a positive effect on aging skeletal muscle. \"If we can understand what happens in the muscle as we age, perhaps we can design treatments to counteract muscle aging and prevent sarcopenia.\"</p><p>\"Both calorie restriction and rapamycin have been proposed as anti-aging interventions, but we didn\'t expect the two treatments to provide additive benefits,\" explains Dr. Nitish Mittal, another lead author of the study. Previously, it was thought that moderate fasting and rapamycin represent different means of achieving the same goal, namely suppression of the protein complex mTORC1, which accelerates aging when overactive.</p><p><strong>Beneficial effects enhanced with combined treatment</strong></p><p>\"Contrary to our expectations, the treatments do not redundantly converge at mTORC1,\" emphasizes Ham. \"While we could understand that calorie restriction would have beneficial effects beyond mTORC1 suppression, it was incredibly surprising to us that rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, further slowed muscle aging in calorie restricted mice, where mTORC1-activating nutrients are available for just a few hours each day.\" In calorie-restricted mice treated with rapamycin, the beneficial effects were therefore additive, with mice displaying significantly better muscle function than mice receiving either treatment alone. \"Compared to their peers, treated mice are more active and physically capable because their muscles remain healthy,\" says Ham.</p><p><strong>Healthy muscles for longer independence</strong></p><p>\"The health of our muscle really is wealth. Beyond physical function, muscles are essential for whole-body metabolism and the proper functioning of many organs,\" says Mittal. The positive impact of calorie-restricted diets and rapamycin on muscle aging leads to the intriguing question of whether elderly people suffering from sarcopenia can profit from a combined therapy consisting of an mTORC1 inhibitor, a calorie restriction-mimicking drug and perhaps exercise.</p><p>\"Strong and healthy muscles provide many benefits for elderly people, in fact for all of us,\" says Ham. \"We can live an active and independent life for longer, and enjoy activities such as hiking, traveling or taking care of the grandkids.\" This plays a major role in life quality and satisfaction in old age and also relieves the health care burden.</p>','2022-04-20 21:10:43.036438','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Basel','Everyone wants to stay fit and healthy as they grow old. But as we age, our body degrades, our muscles shrink and strength declines. Some older people suffer from excessive muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. Researchers show that a combination therapy could delay the onset of sarcopenia.\n',1,27,'<li>Daniel J. Ham, Anastasiya Börsch, Kathrin Chojnowska, Shuo Lin, Aurel B. Leuchtman, Alexander S. Ham, Marco Thürkauf, Julien Delezie, Regula Furrer, Dominik Burri, Michael Sinnreich, Christoph Handschin, Lionel A. Tintignac, Mihaela Zavolan, Nitish Mittal, Markus A. Rüegg. <strong>Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle</strong>. <em>Nature Communications</em>, 2022; 13 (1) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29714-6\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41467-022-29714-6</a>\n</li>'),(2300,'Lasers trigger magnetism in atomically thin quantum materials','lasers-trigger-magnetism-in-atomically-thin-quantum-materials','2022-04-20 21:11:02.196644',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Researchers have discovered that light -- in the form of a laser -- can trigger a form of magnetism in a normally nonmagnetic material. This magnetism centers on the behavior of electrons. These subatomic particles have an electronic property called \"spin,\" which has a potential application in quantum computing. The researchers found that electrons within the material became oriented in the same direction when illuminated by photons from a laser.</p><p>The experiment, led by scientists at the University of Washington and the University of Hong Kong, was published April 20 in <em>Nature</em>.</p><p>By controlling and aligning electron spins at this level of detail and accuracy, this platform could have applications in the field of quantum simulation, according to co-senior author Xiaodong Xu, a Boeing Distinguished Professor at the UW in the Department of Physics and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering.</p><p>\"In this system, we can use photons essentially to control the \'ground state\' properties -- such as magnetism -- of charges trapped within the semiconductor material,\" said Xu, who is also a faculty researcher with the UW\'s Clean Energy Institute and the Molecular Engineering &amp; Sciences Institute. \"This is a necessary level of control for developing certain types of qubits -- or \'quantum bits\' -- for quantum computing and other applications.\"</p><p>Xu, whose research team spearheaded the experiments, led the study with co-senior author Wang Yao, professor of physics at the University of Hong Kong, whose team worked on the theory underpinning the results. Other UW faculty members involved in this study are co-authors Di Xiao, a UW professor of physics and of materials science and engineering who also holds a joint appointment at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Daniel Gamelin, a UW professor of chemistry and director of the Molecular Engineering Materials Center.</p><p>The team worked with ultrathin sheets -- each just three layers of atoms thick -- of tungsten diselenide and tungsten disulfide. Both are semiconductor materials, so named because electrons move through them at a rate between that of a fully conducting metal and an insulator, with potential uses in photonics and solar cells. Researchers stacked the two sheets to form a \"moiré superlattice,\" a stacked structure made up of repeating units.</p><p>Stacked sheets like these are powerful platforms for quantum physics and materials research because the superlattice structure can hold excitons in place. Excitons are bound pairs of \"excited\" electrons and their associated positive charges, and scientists can measure how their properties and behavior change in different superlattice configurations.</p><p>The researchers were studying the exciton properties within the material when they made the surprising discovery that light triggers a key magnetic property within the normally nonmagnetic material. Photons provided by the laser \"excited\" excitons within the laser beam\'s path, and these excitons induced a type of long-range correlation among other electrons, with their spins all orienting in the same direction.</p><p>\"It\'s as if the excitons within the superlattice had started to \'talk\' to spatially separated electrons,\" said Xu. \"Then, via excitons, the electrons established exchange interactions, forming what\'s known as an \'ordered state\' with aligned spins.\"</p><p>The spin alignment that the researchers witnessed within the superlattice is a characteristic of ferromagnetism, the form of magnetism intrinsic to materials like iron. It is normally absent from tungsten diselenide and tungsten disulfide. Each repeating unit within the moiré superlattice is essentially acting like a quantum dot to \"trap\" an electron spin, said Xu. Trapped electron spins that can \"talk\" to each other, as these can, have been suggested as the basis for a type of qubit, the basic unit for quantum computers that could harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics for computation.</p><p>In a separate paper published Nov. 25 in Science, Xu and his collaborators found new magnetic properties in moiré superlattices formed by ultrathin sheets of chromium triiodide. Unlike the tungsten diselenide and tungsten disulfide, chromium triiodide harbors intrinsic magnetic properties, even as a single atomic sheet. Stacked chromium triiodide layers formed alternating magnetic domains: one that is ferromagnetic -- with spins all aligned in the same direction -- and another that is \"antiferromagnetic,\" where spins point in opposite directions between adjacent layers of the superlattice and essentially \"cancel each other out,\" according to Xu. That discovery also illuminates relationships between a material\'s structure and its magnetism that could propel future advances in computing, data storage and other fields.</p><p>\"It shows you the magnetic \'surprises\' that can be hiding within moiré superlattices formed by 2D quantum materials,\" said Xu. \"You can never be sure what you\'ll find unless you look.\"</p><p>First author of the <em>Nature</em> paper is Xi Wang, a UW postdoctoral researcher in physics and chemistry. Other co-authors are Chengxin Xiao at the University of Hong Kong; UW physics doctoral students Heonjoon Park and Jiayi Zhu; Chong Wang, a UW researcher in materials science and engineering; Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe at the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan; and Jiaqiang Yan at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy; the U.S. Army Research Office; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Croucher Foundation; the University Grant Committee/Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the Japan Science and Technology Agency; the state of Washington; and the UW.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:02.196644','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Washington','Researchers have discovered that light -- from a laser -- can trigger a form of magnetism in a normally nonmagnetic material. This magnetism centers on the behavior of electrons \'spins,\' which have a potential applications in quantum computing. Scientists discovered that electrons within the material became oriented in the same direction when illuminated by photons from a laser. By controlling and aligning electron spins at this level of detail and accuracy, this platform could have applications in the field of quantum simulation.\n',1,68,'<li>Xi Wang, Chengxin Xiao, Heonjoon Park, Jiayi Zhu, Chong Wang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Jiaqiang Yan, Di Xiao, Daniel R. Gamelin, Wang Yao, Xiaodong Xu. <strong>Light-induced ferromagnetism in moiré superlattices</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; 604 (7906): 468 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04472-z\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04472-z</a>\n</li>'),(2301,'New global forecasts of marine heatwaves foretell ecological and economic impacts','new-global-forecasts-of-marine-heatwaves-foretell-ecological-and-economic-impacts','2022-04-20 21:11:13.274509',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Researchers have developed global forecasts that can provide up to a year\'s notice of marine heatwaves, sudden and pronounced increases in ocean temperatures that can dramatically affect ocean ecosystems.</p><p>The forecasts described in the journal <em>Nature</em> could help fishing fleets, ocean managers, and coastal communities anticipate the effects of marine heatwaves. One such heatwave, known as \"the Blob,\" emerged about 2013 in the northeast Pacific Ocean and persisted through 2016. It led to shifting fish stocks, harmful algal blooms, entanglements of endangered humpback whales, and thousands of starving sea lion pups washing up on beaches.</p><p>\"We have seen marine heatwaves cause sudden and pronounced changes in ocean ecosystems around the world, and forecasts can help us anticipate what may be coming,\" said lead author Michael Jacox, a research scientist at NOAA Fisheries\' Southwest Fisheries Science Center in Monterey, California, and NOAA\'s Physical Sciences Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado.</p><p>Marine heatwave forecasts will be available online through NOAA\'s Physical Sciences Laboratory. The researchers called the forecasts a \"key advance toward improved climate adaptation and resilience for marine-dependent communities around the globe.\"</p><p>The forecasts leverage global climate models to predict the likely emergence of new marine heatwaves. \"This is a really exciting way to use existing modeling tools in a much-needed new application,\" Jacox said.</p><p><strong>Reducing Ecological and Economic Impacts</strong></p><p>Impacts of marine heatwaves have been documented in ecosystems around the world, particularly in the past decade. These include:</p><p>On the U.S. West Coast, marine heatwaves gained notoriety following the Blob, which rattled the California Current Ecosystem starting in 2014. That marine heatwave led to an ecological cascade in which whales\' prey was concentrated unusually close to shore, and a severe bloom of toxic algae along the coast delayed opening of the valuable Dungeness crab fishery. Humpback whales moved closer to shore to feed in some of the same waters targeted by the crab fishery. As fishermen tried to make up for lost time after the delay by deploying additional crab traps, whales became entangled in record numbers in the lines attached to crab traps. Recent research has also connected marine heatwaves along the West Coast to a northward shift in California market squid, which have long supported one of California\'s largest commercial fisheries.</p><p>NOAA Fisheries scientists have since developed a Marine Heatwave Tracker that monitors the North Pacific Ocean for signs of marine heatwaves. The forecasts go a step further to anticipate where marine heatwaves are likely to emerge in coming months, and how long they are expected to persist.</p><p>\"Extreme events in concert with increasing global temperatures can serve as a catalyst for ecosystem change and reorganization,\" said Elliott Hazen, a research ecologist at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and coauthor of the research. \"While marine heatwaves can have some unanticipated effects, knowing what\'s coming allows for a more precautionary approach to lessen the impact on both fisheries and protected species. Understanding the ocean is the first step towards forecasting ecological changes and incorporating that foresight into decision-making.\"</p><p><strong>El Niño-Southern Oscillation Boosts Forecast Accuracy</strong></p><p>The forecasts are most accurate during periods influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, a well-known climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean. In fact, El Niño (the warm phase of the oscillation) could be considered the \"world\'s most prominent marine heatwave,\" Jacox said. It demonstrates that the heatwaves themselves are not new.</p><p>The forecasts cannot predict marine heatwaves as far in advance in regions such as the Mediterranean Sea, or off the U.S. East Coast. The atmosphere and ocean fluctuate more rapidly in these areas. The forecasts provide the greatest foresight in areas with known ocean-climate patterns such as the Indo-Pacific region north of Australia, the California Current System, and the northern Brazil Current.</p><p>The scientists noted that managers of fisheries and other marine life must weigh their reaction to predicted marine heatwaves based on the potential consequences. For example, they would need to weigh the economic costs of limiting fisheries ahead of a marine heatwave against the risk of inadvertently entangling endangered whales or sea turtles.</p><p>\"We\'re talking about the difference between making informed choices and reacting to changes as they impact ecosystems,\" Hazen said. \"That is always going to be a balance, but now it is a much more informed one.\"</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:13.274509','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region','Researchers have developed global forecasts that can provide up to a year\'s notice of marine heatwaves, sudden and pronounced increases in ocean temperatures that can dramatically affect ocean ecosystems.\n',1,116,'<li>Michael G. Jacox, Michael A. Alexander, Dillon Amaya, Emily Becker, Steven J. Bograd, Stephanie Brodie, Elliott L. Hazen, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Desiree Tommasi. <strong>Global seasonal forecasts of marine heatwaves</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; 604 (7906): 486 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04573-9\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04573-9</a>\n</li>'),(2302,'Scientists identify potential new \'soldier\' for cancer immunotherapy','scientists-identify-potential-new-\'soldier\'-for-cancer-immunotherapy','2022-04-20 21:11:16.774408',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Despite the success of immunotherapy in helping many people with cancer, the majority of patients still do not respond to these treatments. There is need for continued research.</p><p>On April 20, 2022, researchers at the Sloan Kettering Institute reported in the journal <em>Nature</em> that a recently discovered new immune cell \"soldier\" could be a good target for immunotherapy, raising hopes that it might help narrow the gap between people who respond and those who do not.</p><p>The new cells, which the scientists have dubbed killer innate-like T cells, differ in notable ways from the conventional target of many immunotherapies -- the cytotoxic (aka \"killer\") T cells. For one, they don\'t get exhausted from extended activity like cytotoxic T cells do. And two, they can penetrate more deeply into tissues where cancer is hiding. These unique attributes make them attractive as a target for immunotherapy.</p><p>\"We think these killer innate-like T cells could be targeted or genetically engineered for cancer therapy,\" says Ming Li, an immunologist in SKI and the lead author of the new study. \"They may be better at reaching and killing solid tumors than conventional T cells.\"</p><p><strong>Pinning Down What Makes the Cells Distinct</strong></p><p>Dr. Li\'s team first reported the existence of this unusual cell population in 2016. At that time, it was clear to his team that these cells had the power to kill cancer cells, but they knew little about where the cells come from or how they work.</p><p>For this new study, Dr. Li and colleagues used a variety of techniques, including single-cell analysis and CRISPR genome editing, to further characterize the cells.</p><p>They made several startling discoveries. For one, killer innate-like T cells don\'t make the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 and, as a consequence, do not appear to become exhausted the way typical killer T cells do. This is an attractive feature in a potential immune cell therapy.</p><p>The cells also appear to recognize different markers, or antigens, on cancer cells. Whereas conventional killer T cells recognize specific mutated antigens (called neoantigens), the killer innate-like T cells recognize a much broader range of non-mutated (that is, normal) antigens.</p><p>Killer innate-like T cells also don\'t depend on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, to alert them to the presence of dangerous-looking antigens. In this way, they behave more like innate immune cells that are always primed and ready for attack.</p><p>Lastly, unlike conventional T cells, they don\'t recirculate throughout the blood and lymph fluid, making stops in lymph nodes. Rather, they appear to home directly to tissues throughout the body, where they seek out danger.</p><p>All of these make them of particular interest as a target of immunotherapy, Dr. Li says.</p><p><strong>A Unique Fate That Avoids Autoimmunity and Suppresses Cancer</strong></p><p>The fact that killer innate-like T cells recognize unmutated antigens in the body raises the question of why these cells don\'t cause autoimmunity -- when the immune system attacks normal parts of the body. Dr. Li says it\'s because they get reprogrammed during their development.</p><p>Typically, developing T cells that react strongly to normal antigens are proactively killed off by the body to prevent autoimmune reactions. But the killer innate-like T cells escape that fate. Instead, their T cell receptor machinery gets tamped down, rendering these cells harmless to normal cells in the body.</p><p>At the same time, they become much more sensitive to a molecule called IL-15 that is produced by many cancer cells and is recognized as an \"alarmin\" -- a danger signal that prods the immune system into action. The team found that if they delete IL-15 from cancer cells, then the protection provided by the killer innate-like T cells was eliminated and tumor growth increased.</p><p>Because IL-15 isn\'t highly produced in healthy tissues, the killer innate-like T cells would not be spurred into action there, and therefore would not cause unwanted damage.</p><p>Dr. Li\'s team did most of their experiments in mice, but they confirmed that these killer innate-like T cells are present in human tumors, including colon cancer tumors from patients at MSK. They are excited about the possibility of working with doctors at MSK to translate these findings from the lab to the clinic, where they might ultimately help patients.</p><p><em>This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (R01 CA243904-01A1, F30 AI29273-03, and F31 CA210332), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Cancer Research Institute, the Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and the Functional Genomic Initiative grants, and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Support Grant/Core Grant (P30 CA08748), the Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center of MSK.</em></p><p><em>MSK has filed a patent application regarding use of killer innate-like T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Dr. Li is a scientific advisory board member of and holds equity or stock options in, Amberstone Biosciences Inc, and META Pharmaceuticals Inc.</em></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:16.774408','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center','The new cells, which the scientists have dubbed killer innate-like T cells, differ in several notable ways from the conventional target of many immunotherapies.\n',1,91,'<li>Chun Chou, Xian Zhang, Chirag Krishna, Briana G. Nixon, Saida Dadi, Kristelle J. Capistrano, Emily R. Kansler, Miranda Steele, Jian Han, Amy Shyu, Jing Zhang, Efstathios G. Stamatiades, Ming Liu, Shun Li, Mytrang H. Do, Chaucie Edwards, Davina S. Kang, Chin-Tung Chen, Iris H. Wei, Emmanouil P. Pappou, Martin R. Weiser, J. Garcia-Aguilar, J. Joshua Smith, Christina S. Leslie, Ming O. Li. <strong>Programme of self-reactive innate-like T cell-mediated cancer immunity</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04632-1\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04632-1</a>\n</li>'),(2303,'Astronomers identify likely location of medium-sized black holes','astronomers-identify-likely-location-of-medium-sized-black-holes','2022-04-20 21:11:19.961840',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Intermediate-mass black holes are notoriously hard to find but a new study indicates there may be some at the center of dense star clusters located throughout the universe.</p><p>The study, published today in the <em>Astrophysical Journal</em>, sheds new light on when and where black holes of about 100-100,000 solar masses could form and how they came into being.</p><p>\"One of the biggest open questions in black hole astrophysics right now is how do black holes form that are between the size of a stellar mass black hole and a supermassive black hole,\" said Vivienne Baldassare, lead author of the study and an assistant professor of physics and astronomy at Washington State University. \"Most of the theories for their formation rely on conditions that are found only in the very early universe. We wanted to test another theory that says they can form throughout cosmic time in these really dense star clusters.\"</p><p>For decades, astronomers have detected smaller black holes equal in mass either to a few suns or giant black holes with mass similar to millions of suns but the missing-link of black holes in between those sizes have eluded discovery.</p><p>The existence of these intermediate-sized or massive black holes has long been theorized but finding them has proven difficult as the light emitted by objects falling into them is not easy to detect.</p><p>To address this challenge, the research team used the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the world\'s most powerful X-ray telescope, to look for X-ray signatures of black holes in nuclear star clusters in 108 different galaxies.</p><p>\"Chandra is basically the only instrument in the world that is able to do this kind of work,\" Baldassare said. \"It is able to pinpoint the locations of x-ray sources very precisely, which is important when you are looking for black hole signatures in these very compact nuclear star clusters.\"</p><p>Nuclear star clusters are found at the center of most small or low-mass galaxies and are the densest known stellar environments. Previous research has identified the presence of black holes in nuclear star clusters but little is known about the specific properties that make these regions conducive for the formation of black holes.</p><p>Baldassare and colleagues\' analysis showed that nuclear star clusters that were above a certain mass and density threshold emitted the X-ray signatures indicative of a black hole at twice the rate of those below the threshold. Their work provides the first observational evidence supporting the theory that intermediate-sized black holes can form in nuclear star clusters.</p><p>\"Basically, it means that star clusters that are sufficiently massive and compact should be able to form a blackhole,\" Baldassare said. \"It is exciting because we expect many of these black holes to be in the intermediate mass regime between supermassive black holes and stellar mass black holes where there is very little evidence for their existence.\"</p><p>The research team\'s work not only suggests that intermediate-sized black holes can form in nuclear star clusters but also provides a mechanism by which they could potentially form throughout cosmic time rather than just during the first few billion years of the universe.</p><p>\"One of the prevailing theories out there is that massive black holes could only have formed during the early universe when things were more dense,\" Baldassare said. \"Our research is more consistent with the picture where massive blackholes don\'t need to form in the very early universe but could rather continue to form throughout cosmic time in these particular environments.\"</p><p>Moving forward, the researchers plan to continue using Chandra to collect x-ray measurements of nuclear star clusters with the ultimate goal of learning more about the specific conditions where massive black holes can form.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:19.961840','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Washington State University','Intermediate-mass black holes are notoriously hard to find but a new study indicates there may be some at the center of dense, star clusters located throughout the universe. A study now sheds new light on when and where black holes of about 100-100,000 solar masses could form and how they came into being.\n',1,56,'<li>Vivienne F. Baldassare, Nicholas C. Stone, Adi Foord, Elena Gallo, Jeremiah P. Ostriker. <strong>Massive Black Hole Formation in Dense Stellar Environments: Enhanced X-Ray Detection Rates in High-velocity Dispersion Nuclear Star Clusters</strong>. <em>The Astrophysical Journal</em>, 2022; 929 (1): 84 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f51\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f51</a>\n</li>'),(2304,'Pterosaur discovery solves ancient feather mystery','pterosaur-discovery-solves-ancient-feather-mystery','2022-04-20 21:11:23.868023',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">An international team of palaeontologists has discovered remarkable new evidence that pterosaurs, the flying relatives of dinosaurs, were able to control the colour of their feathers using melanin pigments.</p><p>The study, published in the journal <em>Nature</em>, was led by University College Cork (UCC) palaeontologists Dr Aude Cincotta and Prof. Maria McNamara and Dr Pascal Godefroit from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, with an international team of scientists from Brazil and Belgium.</p><p>The new study is based on analyses of a new 115 million year old fossilized headcrest of the pterosaur <em>Tupandactylus</em> <em>imperator</em> from north-eastern Brazil. Pterosaurs lived side by side with dinosaurs, 230 to 66 million years ago.</p><p>This species of pterosaur is famous for its bizarre huge headcrest. The team discovered that the bottom of the crest had a fuzzy rim of feathers, with short wiry hair-like feathers and fluffy branched feathers.</p><p>\"We didn\'t expect to see this at all,\" said Dr Cincotta. \"For decades palaeontologists have argued about whether pterosaurs had feathers. The feathers in our specimen close off that debate for good as they are very clearly branched all the way along their length, just like birds today.\"</p><p>The team then studied the feathers with high-powered electron microscopes and found preserved melanosomes -- granules of the pigment melanin. Unexpectedly, the new study shows that the melanosomes in different feather types have different shapes.</p><p>\"In birds today, feather colour is strongly linked to melanosome shape.\" said Prof. McNamara. \"Since the pterosaur feather types had different melanosome shapes, these animals must have had the genetic machinery to control the colours of their feathers. This feature is essential for colour patterning and shows that coloration was a critical feature of even the very earliest feathers.\"</p><p>Thanks to the collective efforts of the Belgian and Brazilian scientists and authorities working with a private donor, the remarkable specimen has been repatriated to Brazil. \"It is so important that scientifically important fossils such as this are returned to their countries of origin and safely conserved for posterity\" said Dr Godefroit. \"These fossils can then be made available to scientists for further study and can inspire future generations of scientists through public exhibitions that celebrate our natural heritage.\"</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:23.868023','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University College Cork','Palaeontologists have discovered remarkable new evidence that pterosaurs, the flying relatives of dinosaurs, were able to control the color of their feathers using melanin pigments.\n',1,132,'<li>Aude Cincotta, Michaël Nicolaï, Hebert Bruno Nascimento Campos, Maria McNamara, Liliana D’Alba, Matthew D. Shawkey, Edio-Ernst Kischlat, Johan Yans, Robert Carleer, François Escuillié, Pascal Godefroit. <strong>Pterosaur melanosomes support signalling functions for early feathers</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3</a>\n</li>'),(2305,'Dying stars\' cocoons might explain fast blue optical transients','dying-stars\'-cocoons-might-explain-fast-blue-optical-transients','2022-04-20 21:11:28.931079',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Ever since they were discovered in 2018, fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) have utterly surprised and completely confounded both observational and theoretical astrophysicists.</p><p>So hot that they glow blue, these mysterious objects are the brightest known optical phenomenon in the universe. But with only a few discovered so far, FBOTs\' origins have remained elusive.</p><p>Now a Northwestern University astrophysics team presents a bold new explanation for the origin of these curious anomalies. Using a new model, the astrophysicists believe FBOTs could result from the actively cooling cocoons that surround jets launched by dying stars. It marks the first astrophysics model that is fully consistent with all observations related to FBOTs.</p><p>The research was published April 11 in the <em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.</em></p><p>As a massive star collapses, it can launch outflows of debris at rates near the speed of light. These outflows, or jets, collide into collapsing layers of the dying star to form a \"cocoon\" around the jet. The new model shows that as the jet pushes the cocoon outward -- away from the core of the collapsing star -- it cools, releasing heat as an observed FBOT emission.</p><p>\"A jet starts deep inside of a star and then drills its way out to escape,\" said Northwestern\'s Ore Gottlieb, who led the study. \"As the jet moves through the star, it forms an extended structure, known as the cocoon. The cocoon envelopes the jet, and it continues to do so even after the jet escapes the star, this cocoon escapes with the jet. When we calculated how much energy the cocoon has, it turned out to be as powerful as an FBOT.\"</p><p>Gottlieb is a Rothschild Fellow in Northwestern\'s Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). He coauthored the paper with CIERA member Sasha Tchekovskoy, an assistant professor of physics and astronomy in Northwestern\'s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.</p><p><strong>The hydrogen problem</strong></p><p>FBOTs (pronounced F-bot) are a type of cosmic explosion initially detected in the optical wavelength. As their name implies, transients fade almost as quickly as they appear. FBOTs reach peak brightness within a matter of days and then quickly fade -- much faster than standard supernovae rise and decay.</p><p>After discovering FBOTs just eight years ago, astrophysicists wondered if the mysterious events were related to another transient class: gamma ray bursts (GRBs). The strongest and brightest explosions across all wavelengths, GRBs also are associated with dying stars. When a massive star exhausts its fuel and collapses into a black hole, it launches jets to produce a powerful gamma ray emission.</p><p>\"The reason why we think GRBs and FBOTs might be related is because both are very fast -- moving at close to the speed of light -- and both are asymmetrically shaped, breaking the spherical shape of the star,\" Gottlieb said. \"But there was a problem. Stars that produce GRBs lack hydrogen. We don\'t see any signs of hydrogen in GRBs, whereas in FBOTs, we see hydrogen everywhere. So, it could not be the same phenomenon.\"</p><p>Using their new model, Gottlieb and his coauthors think they might have found an answer to this problem. Hydrogen-rich stars tend to house hydrogen in their outermost layer -- a layer too thick for a jet to penetrate.</p><p>\"Basically, the star would be too massive for the jet to pierce through,\" Gottlieb said. \"So the jet will never make it out of the star, and that\'s why it fails to produce a GRB. However, in these stars, the dying jet transfers all its energy to the cocoon, which is the only component to escape the star. The cocoon will emit FBOT emissions, which will include hydrogen. This is another area where our model is fully consistent with all FBOT observations.\"</p><p><strong>Putting the picture together</strong></p><p>Although FBOTs glow bright in optical wavelengths, they also emit radio waves and X-rays. Gottlieb\'s model explains these too.</p><p>When the cocoon interacts with the dense gas surrounding the star, this interaction heats up stellar material to release a radio emission. And when the cocoon expands far enough away from the black hole (formed from the collapsed star), X-rays can leak out from the black hole. The X-rays join radio and optical light to form a full picture of the FBOT event.</p><p>While Gottlieb is encouraged by his team\'s findings, he says more observations and models are needed before we can definitively understand FBOTs\' mysterious origins.</p><p>\"This is a new class of transients, and we know so little about them,\" Gottlieb said. \"We need to detect more of them earlier in their evolution before we can fully understand these explosions. But our model is able to draw a line among supernovae, GRBs and FBOTs, which I think is very elegant.\"</p><p>\"This study paves the way for more advanced simulations of FBOTs,\" Tchekovskoy said. \"This next-generation model will allow us to directly connect the physics of the central black hole to the observables, enabling us to reveal otherwise hidden physics of the FBOT central engine.\"</p><p>The study, \"Shocked jets in CCSNe can power the zoo of fast blue optical transients,\" was supported by the National Science Foundation (award numbers AST-1815304 and AST-2107839). The authors developed the simulation using supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center at the University of Texas at Austin.</p><p>Video: <a href=\"https://youtu.be/MquOKdZEaDw\">https://youtu.be/MquOKdZEaDw</a></p>','2022-04-20 21:11:28.931079','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Northwestern University','Using a newly developed model, astrophysicists present a new theory to explain fast blue optical transients, a new class of transients that has boggled researchers since their discovery in 2018. In the new study, astrophysicists find that FBOTs could result from the actively cooling cocoons that surround jets launched by dying stars.\n',1,192,'<li>Ore Gottlieb, Alexander Tchekhovskoy, Raffaella Margutti. <strong>Shocked jets in CCSNe can power the zoo of fast blue optical transients</strong>. <em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac910\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1093/mnras/stac910</a>\n</li>'),(2306,'Got food cravings? What\'s living in your gut may be responsible','got-food-cravings?-what\'s-living-in-your-gut-may-be-responsible','2022-04-20 22:50:40.560603',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Eggs or yogurt, veggies or potato chips? We make decisions about what to eat every day, but those choices may not be fully our own. New University of Pittsburgh research on mice shows for the first time that the microbes in animals\' guts influence what they choose to eat, making substances that prompt cravings for different kinds of foods.</p><p>\"We all have those urges -- like if you ever you just feel like you need to eat a salad or you really need to eat meat,\" said Kevin Kohl, an assistant professor in the Department of Biology in the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences. \"Our work shows that animals with different compositions of gut microbes choose different kinds of diets.\"</p><p>Despite decades of speculation by scientists about whether microbes could influence our preferred diets, the idea has never been directly tested in animals bigger than a fruit fly. To explore the question, Kohl and his postdoc Brian Trevelline (A&amp;S \'08), now at Cornell University, gave 30 mice that lacked gut microbes a cocktail of microorganisms from three species of wild rodents with very different natural diets.</p><p>The duo found that mice in each group chose food rich in different nutrients, showing that their microbiome changed their preferred diet. The researchers published their work today in the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em>.</p><p>While the idea of the microbiome affecting your behavior may sound far-fetched, it\'s no surprise for scientists. Your gut and your brain are in constant conversation, with certain kinds of molecules acting as go-betweens. These byproducts of digestion signal that you\'ve eaten enough food or maybe that you need certain kinds of nutrients. But microbes in the gut can produce some of those same molecules, potentially hijacking that line of communication and changing the meaning of the message to benefit themselves.</p><p>One such messenger will be familiar to anyone who\'s had to take a nap after a turkey dinner: tryptophan.</p><p>\"Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that\'s common in turkey but is also produced by gut microbes. When it makes its way to the brain, it\'s transformed into serotonin, which is a signal that\'s important for feeling satiated after a meal,\" Trevelline said. \"Eventually that gets converted into melatonin, and then you feel sleepy.\"</p><p>In their study, Trevelline and Kohl also showed that mice with different microbiomes had different levels of tryptophan in their blood, even before they were given the option to choose different diets -- and those with more of the molecule in their blood also had more bacteria that can produce it in their gut.</p><p>It\'s a convincing smoking gun, but tryptophan is just one thread of a complicated web of chemical communication, according to Trevelline. \"There are likely dozens of signals that are influencing feeding behavior on a day-to-day basis. Tryptophan produced by microbes could just be one aspect of that,\" he said. It does, however, establish a plausible way that microscopic organisms could alter what we want to eat -- it\'s one of just a few rigorous experiments to show such a link between the gut and the brain despite years of theorizing by scientists.</p><p>There\'s still more science to do before you should start distrusting your food cravings, though. Along with not having a way to test the idea in humans, the team didn\'t measure the importance of microbes in determining diet compared to anything else.</p><p>\"It could be that what you\'ve eaten the day before is more important than just the microbes you have,\" Kohl said. \"Humans have way more going on that we ignore in our experiment. But it\'s an interesting idea to think about.\"</p><p>And it\'s just one behavior that microbes could be tweaking without our knowledge. It\'s a young field, Kohl points out, and there\'s still lots to learn.</p><p>\"I\'m just constantly amazed at all of the roles we\'re finding that microbes play in human and animal biology,\" Kohl said.</p>','2022-04-20 22:50:40.560603','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Pittsburgh','New research on mice shows for the first time that the microbes in animals\' guts influence what they choose to eat, making substances that prompt cravings for different kinds of foods.\n',1,118,'<li>Brian K. Trevelline, Kevin D. Kohl. <strong>The gut microbiome influences host diet selection behavior</strong>. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em>, 2022; 119 (17) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117537119\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1073/pnas.2117537119</a>\n</li>'),(2307,'Antidepressants are not associated with improved quality of life in the long run, study finds','antidepressants-are-not-associated-with-improved-quality-of-life-in-the-long-run,-study-finds','2022-04-20 22:50:55.341424',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Over time, using antidepressants is not associated with significantly better health-related quality of life, compared to people with depression who do not take the drugs. These are the findings of a new study published this week in the open-access journal <em>PLOS ONE</em> by Omar Almohammed of King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, and colleagues.</p><p>It is generally well known that depression disorder has a significant impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. While studies have shown the efficacy of antidepressant medications for treatment of depression disorder, these medications\' effect on patients\' overall well-being and HRQoL remains controversial.</p><p>In the new study, the researchers used data from the 2005-2015 United States\' Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), a large longitudinal study that tracks the health services that Americans use. Any person with a diagnosis of depression disorder was identified in the MEPS files. Over the duration of the study, on average there were 17.47 million adult patients diagnosed with depression each year with two years of follow-up, and 57.6% of these received treatment with antidepressant medications.</p><p>Use of antidepressants was associated with some improvement on the mental component of SF-12 -- the survey tracking health-related quality of life. However, when this positive change was compared to the change in group of people who were diagnosed with depressive disorder but did not take antidepressants, there was no statistically significant association of antidepressants with either the physical (p=0.9595) or mental (p=0.6405) component of SF-12. In other words, the change in quality of life seen among those on antidepressants over two years was not significantly different from that seen among those not taking the drugs.</p><p>The study was not able to separately analyze any subtypes or varying severities of depression. The authors say that future studies should investigate the use of non-pharmacological depression interventions used in combination with antidepressants.</p><p>The authors add: \"Although we still need our patients with depression to continue using their antidepressant medications, long-term studies evaluating the actual impact for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on these patients\' quality of life is needed. With that being said, the role of cognitive and behavioral interventions on the long term-management of depression needs to be further evaluated in an efforts to improve the ultimate goal of care for these patients; improving their overall quality of life.\"</p>','2022-04-20 22:50:55.341424','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'PLOS','Over time, using antidepressants is not associated with significantly better health-related quality of life, compared to people with depression who do not take the drugs, according to a new study.\n',1,39,'<li>Omar A. Almohammed, Abdulaziz A. Alsalem, Abdullah A. Almangour, Lama H. Alotaibi, Majed S. Al Yami, Leanne Lai. <strong>Antidepressants and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with depression: Analysis of the medical expenditure panel survey from the United States</strong>. <em>PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (4): e0265928 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265928\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1371/journal.pone.0265928</a>\n</li>'),(2308,'Opioid-related deaths affecting more younger adults, study finds','opioid-related-deaths-affecting-more-younger-adults,-study-finds','2022-04-20 22:51:00.403834',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">From 2003 through 2020, as opioid-related mortality in Ontario, Canada increased five-fold, the age distribution also shifted downward -- with rates now peaking for people in their mid-30s -- according to a new study published this week in the open-access journal <em>PLOS ONE</em> by Patrick Brown of University of Toronto, and colleagues.</p><p>Opioid-related mortality is a critical public health issue in North America, with rates of opioid-related deaths having increased drastically over recent years. Updated data on the demographic makeup of deaths and how they have changed over time is crucial to tailoring public health interventions.</p><p>In the new study, the researchers used mortality data from the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario, the most populous province in Canada. Opioid-related deaths were defined as deaths where acute drug toxicity involving opioids was considered as directly contributing to the cause of death.</p><p>Between 2003 and 2020, there were 11,633 opioid-related deaths in people aged 15 through 69. Overall, 72% of opioid-related deaths during the 18-year study period were male, and accidental deaths accounted for 82% of the deaths.</p><p>Opioid-related mortality rates jumped more than fivefold over this period. They increased substantially for both sexes and across all ages over time, with a downward shifting age distribution for both sexes. Using a novel Bayesian modelling approach, the authors estimated that in 2003, the maximum mortality rate for males, of 5.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 4.0-7.6), was seen around age 44, while in 2020, the maximum of 67.2 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 55.3-81.5) was at age 35. For females, the greatest mortality rates also shifted to younger ages; in 2003 the peak of 2.2 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 1.5-3.2) was at age 51, while in 2020, the peak of 16.8 (95% CI 12.8-22.0) was at age 37.</p><p>Based on the observed data and resulting models, the researchers hypothesize that opioid-related mortality among the younger population will continue to grow. Targeting strategies to address opioid-related mortality among individuals in the 25 to 44-year age group is of greater importance than in the past, they conclude.</p><p>The authors add: \"Opioid-related mortality has been rising in Ontario, Canada since 2003, and after a brief decline in part of 2019, the upward trend resumed in the 2020 COVID-19 era. Using a novel Bayesian model and high-frequency data from the coroner\'s office, we show that the age distribution of opioid-related mortality has shifted gradually over 18 years from being highest among the 45 to 54-year age group, to being highest among the 25 to 44-year age group.\"</p>','2022-04-20 22:51:00.403834','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'PLOS','From 2003 through 2020, as opioid-related mortality in Ontario, Canada increased five-fold, the age distribution also shifted downward -- with rates now peaking for people in their mid-30s -- according to a new study.\n',1,27,'<li>Lauren A. Paul, Ye Li, Pamela Leece, Tara Gomes, Ahmed M. Bayoumi, Jeremy Herring, Regan Murray, Patrick Brown. <strong>Identifying the changing age distribution of opioid-related mortality with high-frequency data</strong>. <em>PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (4): e0265509 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265509\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1371/journal.pone.0265509</a>\n</li>'),(2309,'Cannabis poisoning cases in pets have increased significantly, study finds','cannabis-poisoning-cases-in-pets-have-increased-significantly,-study-finds','2022-04-20 22:51:06.122444',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">A survey of veterinarians in the U.S. and Canada highlights mounting cases of cannabis poisoning among pets and sheds new light on symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Richard Quansah Amissah of the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, and colleagues present these findings in the open-access journal <em>PLOS ONE</em> on April 20, 2022.</p><p>Pets that are exposed to cannabis, most often by ingestion, may experience symptoms of cannabis poisoning -- also known as cannabis-induced toxicosis -- with varying degrees of severity. While prior evidence suggests that cases of cannabis poisoning among pets are increasing, the actual magnitude of the problem, including typical outcomes for pets, has been unclear.</p><p>To improve understanding of cannabis poisoning in pets, Amissah and colleagues analyzed survey data from 251 veterinarians based in Canada or the U.S. Conducted in 2021; the survey included questions about cannabis poisoning cases encountered by participants over several previous years.</p><p>Statistical analysis of the survey responses showed that the number of cannabis poisoning cases jumped significantly in both the U.S. and Canada following the 2018 legalization of cannabis in Canada. Unattended ingestion of cannabis edibles was the most frequent cause of poisoning, but it was unclear what proportion of cannabis products had been obtained for human consumption versus medicinal consumption by pets. The authors note that the post-legalization boost could be explained by increased cannabis use, but that increased reporting may have contributed as well.</p><p>Cannabis poisoning was most frequently seen in dogs, but cases were also reported in cats, iguanas, ferrets, horses, and cockatoos. While most cases were benign, observed symptoms -- seen primarily in dogs -- included urinary incontinence, disorientation, and abnormally slow heart rate. Most animals were treated with outpatient monitoring, and nearly all animals recovered completely.</p><p>In a small number of cases, veterinarians reported that pets had died due to cannabis poisoning, though the researchers note that other potential causes, such as underlying conditions, could not be ruled out in the study. With use of cannabis products continuing to rise, they call for additional research into the effects of cannabis on pets to help inform veterinary efforts and policies to keep pets healthy.</p><p>The authors add: \"This is an important topic to study in the light of recent legalization of cannabis in Canada and across multiple states. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying cannabis-induced toxicosis in pets, and to develop treatments for it, we need to first understand what it looks like; this is what we had hoped to accomplish with this survey, and believe that these findings will help us get a better handle on this under-studied topic.\"</p>','2022-04-20 22:51:06.122444','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'PLOS','A survey of veterinarians in the U.S. and Canada highlights mounting cases of cannabis poisoning among pets and sheds new light on symptoms, treatments, and outcomes.\n',1,200,'<li>Richard Quansah Amissah, Nadine A. Vogt, Chuyun Chen, Karolina Urban, Jibran Khokhar. <strong>Prevalence and characteristics of cannabis-induced toxicoses in pets: Results from a survey of veterinarians in North America</strong>. <em>PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (4): e0261909 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261909\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1371/journal.pone.0261909</a>\n</li>'),(2310,'Women\'s earnings drop after childbirth, study finds','women\'s-earnings-drop-after-childbirth,-study-finds','2022-04-20 22:51:11.684783',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">When U.S. couples have their first child, mothers\' earnings still drop substantially relative to fathers\', and new Cornell University research demonstrates the stubborn, decades-old pattern isn\'t changing despite broad increases in other aspects of gender equality.</p><p>The research indicates the relative drop in the earnings of mothers cuts across all education levels. The COVID-19 pandemic may lock the income imbalance in place as mothers who pulled back to care for children face worse hiring prospects and wage penalties as they seek to restart their work lives.</p><p>An article on the research, \"Change and Variation in U.S. Couples\' Earnings Equality Following Parenthood,\" was published March 22 in <em>Population and Development Review</em>. The research was conducted by sociologists Kelly Musick of the Cornell Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Pilar Gonalons-Pons of the University of Pennsylvania and Christine Schwartz of the University of Wisconsin, Madison.</p><p>\"The gender revolution has stalled, and women remain economically vulnerable,\" Musick said, noting the country is an outlier among wealthy nations in offering no mandated paid leave following childbirth, no system of subsidized childcare and scant public support for working families.</p><p>The study is one of the first to assess changes over time in within-family earnings inequality, tracking what happened to the incomes of couples over a full 10 years. The researchers used detailed survey results and administrative tax records that provide long-run data on earnings, birth and marriage dates and key characteristics such as education.</p><p>The researchers analyzed a period of about 30 years, from the 1980s through the 2000s. They found a brief period in the 1980s when wives became less financially dependent on their husbands after parenthood. Wives\' earnings share dropped 13 percentage points following the first birth in the 1980s, relative to 10 percentage points in the 2000s. That modest change held largely true no matter the education or income level of the husband and wife.</p><p>Musick said the similarities by education were something of a surprise because disparities -- especially among those with and without a college degree -- have grown in other aspects of family life over this time period. \"Across groups, wives become more financially dependent on their husbands after parenthood,\" the researchers concluded, a worrying sign particularly in the U.S., where divorce remains common and policy support for families is weak.</p><p>\"The pandemic puts into sharp relief the pitfalls of our fend-for-yourself approach to managing work and family,\" Musick said. The pandemic also creates an opening for policymakers to build a stronger \"infrastructure of care\" and the success of that effort will shape gender inequalities in work and family in the decades to come, she said.</p>','2022-04-20 22:51:11.684783','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Cornell University','When U.S. couples have their first child, mothers\' earnings still drop substantially relative to fathers\', and new research demonstrates the stubborn, decades-old pattern isn\'t changing despite broad increases in other aspects of gender equality.\n',1,177,'<li>Kelly Musick, Pilar Gonalons‐Pons, Christine R. Schwartz. <strong>Change and Variation in U.S. Couples’ Earnings Equality Following Parenthood</strong>. <em>Population and Development Review</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/padr.12481\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1111/padr.12481</a>\n</li>'),(2311,'Warming climate and agriculture halve insect populations in some areas','warming-climate-and-agriculture-halve-insect-populations-in-some-areas','2022-04-20 22:52:14.628388',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Climate change and intensive agricultural land use have already been responsible for a 49% reduction in the number of insects in the most impacted parts of the world, finds a new study by UCL researchers.</p><p>The study published in <em>Nature</em> is the first to identify that an interaction between rising temperatures and land use changes, is driving widespread losses in numerous insect groups across the globe.</p><p>Lead author Dr Charlie Outhwaite (UCL Centre for Biodiversity &amp; Environment Research, UCL Biosciences) said: \"Many insects appear to be very vulnerable to human pressures, which is concerning as climate change worsens and agricultural areas continue to expand. Our findings highlight the urgency of actions to preserve natural habitats, slow the expansion of high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissions to mitigate climate change.</p><p>\"Losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, where insects often play key roles in local ecosystems, but it could also harm human health and food security, particularly with losses of pollinators.</p><p>\"Our findings may only represent the tip of the iceberg as there is limited evidence in some areas, particularly in the tropics which we found have quite high reductions in insect biodiversity in the most impacted areas.\"</p><p>The researchers analysed a large dataset of insect abundance and species richness from areas across the globe, including three-quarters of a million records for nearly 20,000 insect species.</p><p>The team compared insect biodiversity in different areas depending on how intensive agriculture is in the area, as well as how much historic climate warming the local area has experienced.</p><p>They found that in areas with high-intensity agriculture and substantial climate warming, the number of insects was 49% lower than in the most natural habitats with no recorded climate warming, while the number of different species was 29% lower. Tropical areas saw the biggest declines in insect biodiversity linked to land use and climate change.</p><p>The researchers found that in areas of low-intensity agriculture and substantial climate warming, having nearby natural habitat buffered the losses: where 75% of the land was covered by natural habitat, insect abundance only declined by 7%, compared to a 63% reduction in comparable areas with only 25% natural habitat cover. Many insects rely on plants for shade on hot days, so a loss of natural habitats could leave them more vulnerable to a warming climate.</p><p>The researchers say that insect declines due to human influences may be even greater than their findings suggest as many areas with long histories of human impacts would have already seen biodiversity losses before the start of the study period, and the study also did not account for the effects of other drivers such as pollution.</p><p>Senior author Dr Tim Newbold (UCL Centre for Biodiversity &amp; Environment Research) said: \"The environmental harms of high-intensity agriculture present a tricky challenge as we try to keep up with food demands of a growing population. We have previously found that insect pollinators are particularly vulnerable to agricultural expansion, as they appear to be more than 70% less abundant in high-intensity croplands compared to wild sites. Careful management of agricultural areas, such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help to ensure that vital insects can still thrive.\"</p><p>Joint first author Peter McCann, who conducted the research while completing an MSc at the UCL Centre for Biodiversity &amp; Environment Research, said: \"We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole, and for human health and wellbeing, in order to address the threats we pose to them before many species are lost forever.\"</p><p>UCL Centre for Biodiversity &amp; Environment Research scientists are at the forefront of research into human impacts on the planet, such as by developing the science underpinning the IUCN\'s Red List that quantifies extinction risk, and discovering that changes to land use may be increasing the risks of disease outbreaks like Covid-19 that jump from animals to humans. The centre\'s new interdisciplinary People and Nature Lab is developing innovative approaches, such as citizen science programmes and employing artificial intelligence, to tackle these urgent global challenges and foster a more sustainable relationship between people and nature.</p><p>The research was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and the Royal Society.</p>','2022-04-20 22:52:14.628388','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University College London','Climate change and intensive agricultural land use have already been responsible for a 49% reduction in the number of insects in the most impacted parts of the world, finds a new study.\n',1,34,'<li>Charlotte L. Outhwaite, Peter McCann, Tim Newbold. <strong>Agriculture and climate change are reshaping insect biodiversity worldwide</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04644-x\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04644-x</a>\n</li>'),(2312,'Study challenges theories of earlier human arrival in Americas','study-challenges-theories-of-earlier-human-arrival-in-americas','2022-04-21 00:39:53.365297',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">A new analysis of archaeological sites in the Americas challenges relatively new theories that the earliest human inhabitants of North America arrived before the migration of people from Asia across the Bering Strait. Conducted by University of Wyoming Professor Todd Surovell and colleagues from UW and five other institutions, the analysis suggests that misinterpretation of archaeological evidence at certain sites in North and South America might be responsible for theories that humans arrived long before 13,000-14,200 years ago.</p><p>The researchers\' findings appear today in <em>PLOS One</em>, a journal published by the Public Library of Science. The paper is the latest development in the debate over the peopling of the Americas, in which some are now questioning the long-held consensus that the first Americans were hunter-gatherers who entered North America from Asia via the Beringia land bridge up to 14,200 years ago, and then dispersed southward between two large glaciers that then covered much of the continent.</p><p>The conclusions of Surovell and colleagues are based on an analysis of buried archaeological deposits, using a new statistic called the Apparent Stratigraphic Integrity Index they developed. While the stratigraphic integrity of early archaeological sites in Alaska is high -- producing strong evidence in support of unambiguous human occupation -- the sites in more southern locations pointing to possible earlier human occupation show signs of artifact mixing among multiple time periods.</p><p>\"If humans managed to breach the continental ice sheets significantly before 13,000 years ago, there should be clear evidence for it in the form of at least some stratigraphically discrete archeological components with a relatively high artifact count. So far, no such evidence exists,\" Surovell and colleagues wrote. \"(Our) findings support the hypothesis that the first human arrival to the New World occurred by at least 14,200 years ago in Beringia and by approximately 13,000 years ago in the temperate latitudes of North America. Strong evidence for human presence before those dates has yet to be identified in the archaeological record.\"</p><p>Specifically, the new analysis compared the stratigraphic integrity of three sites argued to contain evidence of earlier human occupation -- two in Texas and one in Idaho -- with the integrity of sites in Alaska, Wyoming and Pennsylvania. The three sites claimed to be older than 13,000 years ago all showed patterns of significant mixing, while the others did not.</p><p>The researchers were unable to obtain detailed information about some other sites in North and South America purported to contain evidence of human occupation before 13,000 years ago.</p><p>\"Sites claimed to be older than 13,000 years ago are few, and data supporting their status as sites have been poorly disseminated,\" Surovell and colleagues wrote. \"Given the status of available data regarding these sites, we must question whether there are any sites in the Americas south of the ice sheets that exhibit an unambiguous and stratigraphically discrete cultural occupation with sufficient numbers of artifacts of clear human manufacture.\"</p><p>The paper doesn\'t completely rule out the possibility that humans colonized the Americas at an earlier date. \"But if they did, they should have produced stratigraphically discrete occupation surfaces, some of which would be expected to have large numbers of artifacts.</p><p>\"That they did so in Beringia but failed to do so south of the continental glaciers suggests that either there was something fundamentally different about pre-Clovis human behavior and/or geomorphology south of the ice sheets, or that the evidence indicating the presence of humans south of the ice sheets has been misinterpreted,\" the researchers wrote. \"At a minimum, it shows that, when stratigraphically discrete occupations are not present, additional studies must be performed to demonstrate that stratigraphic integrity of association between artifacts and dated strata exist.\"</p><p>Joining Surovell in the research were UW colleagues Sarah Allaun, Robert Kelly, Marcel Kornfeld and Mary Lou Larson; Wyoming State Archaeologist Spencer Pelton; Barbara Crass and Charles Holmes, of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks; Joseph Gingerich, of Ohio University and the Smithsonian Institution\'s National Museum of Natural History; Kelly Graf, of Texas A&amp;M University; and Kathryn Krasinski and Brian Wygal, both of Adelphi University.</p>','2022-04-21 00:39:53.365297','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Wyoming','The new analysis suggests that misinterpretation of archaeological evidence at certain sites in North and South America might be responsible for theories that humans arrived long before 13,000-14,200 years ago.\n',1,85,'<li>Todd A. Surovell, Sarah A. Allaun, Barbara A. Crass, Joseph A. M. Gingerich, Kelly E. Graf, Charles E. Holmes, Robert L. Kelly, Marcel Kornfeld, Kathryn E. Krasinski, Mary Lou Larson, Spencer R. Pelton, Brian T. Wygal. <strong>Late date of human arrival to North America: Continental scale differences in stratigraphic integrity of pre-13,000 BP archaeological sites</strong>. <em>PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (4): e0264092 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264092\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1371/journal.pone.0264092</a>\n</li>'),(2313,'African dust crosses the Atlantic','african-dust-crosses-the-atlantic','2022-04-21 00:39:58.146420',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">A beautiful sunset over the Atlantic off the Florida coast, or an orangey glow in the Texas sky at dusk may be caused by dust from West Africa, according to researchers who are looking at the paths of particulate matter in the skies over the Sahara desert and the semi-arid Sahel.</p><p>\"We are looking at how much dust is being transported into West Africa in the winter and across the Atlantic in the summer,\" said Gregory S. Jenkins, professor of meteorology and atmospheric science, geography, and African studies, Penn State. \"In the winter, it is low in the atmosphere and in the summer, it is higher in the atmosphere. Dust has an impact, especially on health.\"</p><p>Jenkins and Moussa Gueye, research professor, University of SIne Saloum El-Hȃdj Ibrahima NIASS, Dakar, Sénégal, modeled annual particulates less than 10 microns (PM10) from 1960 to 2016.</p><p>\"We showed that there is a simulated annual downward trend in surface PM10 concentrations in Senegal and Cabo Verde after the 1980s, which is similar to earlier findings,\" the researcher report in Atmospheric Environment. However, the data for summers suggests that there was an increase in dust over the Western Sahara that was transported to Cabo Verde suggesting that this Eastern Atlantic dust continued on toward the U.S. and the Caribbean.</p><p>The researchers can measure the amounts of dust that reach the Western Atlantic near Miami, Barbados and Puerto Rico for example, because there are ample meteorological and other measurement stations in those areas, but in West Africa and places like Cabo Verde, there are few ground-based measurement facilities to measure the dust reaching there.</p><p>Researchers must then rely on satellite-based measurements, which cannot provide measurement at night. The data collected by ground-based and satellite instruments is used as the basis for models that estimate the paths and amounts of dust hitting West Africa in the winter and the Atlantic and Caribbean in the summer. However, there are so few measurement stations in Africa -- because the stations require electricity, cell phones, internet and someone to maintain them -- that the models are somewhat incomplete.</p><p>\"With the very limited measurements we have from West Africa compared to our measurement, we run the models and provide estimates,\" said Jenkins. \"We know that the model timing is correct, but we don\'t know how much the few stations we have are biasing our results.\"</p><p>According to Jenkins, currently, the best system is in Nigeria where the stations are 25% less costly, but they still need reliable electricity and internet. He notes however, that Cabo Verde does have reliable Wi-Fi and he would like to put particulate matter stations on each of the islands.</p><p>According to Jenkins, the model simulations reproduce the trends seen in the past, however, none of the models simulate the dust correctly. Knowledge of exactly where the dust is going at any time and how much dust exists at the ground level is important. Estimates suggest that West Africa will have a population of a billion by 2070. Because this dust in the air can cause respiratory problems and may carry pathogens, knowing when to stay out of the dust is important.</p><p>\"The dust will have lots of impact in West Africa,\" said Jenkins. \"But in the U.S., we also want to know what happens in the future. I think there is good reason to say there will be more dust in the future.\"</p><p>Jenkins would like to build a particulate matter system across Africa so that there are sufficient data to refine the models. The system would also be able to warn people with, for example, asthma, when to stay inside.</p><p>One concern of the researchers is that they know that this Saharan dust transport may change because of climate change in the future.</p><p>Penn State\'s Alliance for Education, Science, Engineering and Design in Africa supported this work.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-21 00:39:58.146420','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Penn State','A beautiful sunset over the Atlantic off the Florida coast, or an orangey glow in the Texas sky at dusk may be caused by dust from West Africa, according to researchers who are looking at the paths of particulate matter in the skies over the Sahara desert and the semi-arid Sahel.\n',1,27,'<li>Gregory Jenkins, Moussa Gueye. <strong>Annual and early summer variability in WRF-CHEM simulated West African PM10 during 1960–2016</strong>. <em>Atmospheric Environment</em>, 2022; 273: 118957 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118957\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118957</a>\n</li>'),(2314,'Gastric inflammation: How a bacterial infection causes tissue changes','gastric-inflammation:-how-a-bacterial-infection-causes-tissue-changes','2022-04-21 00:58:46.921255',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">When the bacterium <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infects the stomach, it causes gastric inflammation and increases the risk of stomach cancer. A team of researchers from Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) have been able to elucidate characteristic changes which occur inside the gastric glands during an <em>H. pylori</em> infection. The researchers discovered a novel mechanism which, by restricting cell division in healthy stomach tissue, protects the stomach against cancerous changes. An inflammation of the stomach, however, deactivates this mechanism, enabling cells to grow in an uncontrolled manner. The researchers\' findings, which have been published in <em>Nature Communications</em>, may herald a new treatment target in stomach cancer.</p><p>Affecting about half the world\'s population, <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> is one of the most common causes of chronic bacterial infections in humans. <em>H. pylori</em> can lead to inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) and increase the risk of developing stomach cancer. As the protective lining inside the stomach is constantly exposed to stomach acid, it has to regenerate completely every few weeks, while maintaining both its structure and composition despite the high cellular turnover. \"Until now, researchers had assumed that a <em>Helicobacter </em>infection causes direct damage to the gastric gland cells in the stomach lining and that gastric pathology upon infection is simply the result of this process,\" explains the study\'s last author, Prof. Dr. Michael Sigal. He continues: \"In fact, our team has now discovered that the infection disrupts complex interactions between different cell types and signals which are responsible for tissue stability.\" Prof. Sigal is Professor for Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and leads an Independent Research Group at Charité\'s Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and the Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), which forms part of the MDC.</p><p>Led by Prof. Sigal and working alongside colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, the team of researchers used complex mouse models to observe changes occurring inside the gastric glands. Using state-of-the art imaging and single-cell sequencing technologies, the researchers were able to visualize and isolate specific gastric gland cells, which they then examined in detail. In order to minimize the need for animal models, they also developed special organ-like tissue microstructures known as organoids. The researchers used these microscopic stomachs to recreate many of the gastric glands\' characteristics. This strategy enabled them to study the effects of various signals on stem cells which are found inside the gastric glands (and which are capable of differentiating into many different cell types).</p><p>\"We discovered that \'stromal cells\' -- a type of cell surrounding the gastric glands -- are not only responsible for mechanical stability of the glands, as previously thought. Instead, they produce various signaling molecules which significantly influence the behavior of the gland cells,\" explains Prof. Sigal. These substances include \'bone morphogenetic proteins\' (BMPs), which play an important role in tissue development. The researchers were able to show that stromal cells surrounding the gland base continually inhibit the BMP signaling pathway, thereby stimulating the proliferation of nearby stem cells. In contrast, stromal cells at the gland surface were found to activate the signaling pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation. Together, this forms a signaling gradient that guides stem cell turnover and differentiation, and serves as the basis for the gland\'s structural stability. <em>Helicobacter</em> infection causes the release of pro-inflammatory substances such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). This inflammatory cytokine interferes with the BMP signaling axis, resulting in less BMP signaling activity and stimulating gland stem cell proliferation. This results in hyperplasia, a precancerous lesion characterized by tissue enlargement.</p><p>\"Our findings show that an infection-driven inflammatory response has far more pronounced effects than previously thought. In addition to their well-characterized antimicrobial effects, pro-inflammatory substances such as IFN-γ affect both cell proliferation and tissue stem cell behavior and therefore have a direct impact on tissue homeostasis. In the case of tissue damage, increased cell proliferation can be useful, as it promotes rapid healing. In the case of chronic inflammation associated with a <em>Helicobacter</em> infection, however, it could facilitate the development of precancerous lesions,\" summarizes Prof. Sigal. The signaling pathways governing interactions between the immune system and stem cells in the stomach could also prove significant in other organs. As such, they represent a new treatment target -- both in cancer prevention and regenerative medicine.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-21 00:58:46.921255','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin','When the bacterium Helicobacter pylori infects the stomach, it causes gastric inflammation and increases the risk of stomach cancer. Researchers have been able to elucidate characteristic changes which occur inside the gastric glands during an H. pylori infection. The researchers discovered a novel mechanism which, by restricting cell division in healthy stomach tissue, protects the stomach against cancerous changes. An inflammation of the stomach, however, deactivates this mechanism, enabling cells to grow in an uncontrolled manner. The researchers\' findings may herald a new treatment target in stomach cancer.\n',1,29,'<li>Marta Kapalczynska, Manqiang Lin, Jeroen Maertzdorf, Julian Heuberger, Stefanie Muellerke, Xiangsheng Zuo, Ramon Vidal, Imad Shureiqi, Anne-Sophie Fischer, Sascha Sauer, Hilmar Berger, Evelyn Kidess, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Frank Tacke, Thomas F. Meyer, Michael Sigal. <strong>BMP feed-forward loop promotes terminal differentiation in gastric glands and is interrupted by H. pylori-driven inflammation</strong>. <em>Nature Communications</em>, 2022; 13 (1) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29176-w\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41467-022-29176-w</a>\n</li>'),(2315,'Cellular diversity of esophageal tissue revealed','cellular-diversity-of-esophageal-tissue-revealed','2022-04-21 00:58:49.421187',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">In a study published today in the journal <em>Nature Communications</em>, researchers at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University defined 11 subsets of cells found in the esophagus of mice, information that could potentially help clinicians diagnose or treat certain types of cancer.</p><p>The tissue in the esophagus -- known as stratified squamous epithelium -- is composed of a basal layer that ultimately gives rise to several layers of differentiated cells. In this study, researchers sought to find out whether basal cells were all the same or if any differences existed in their gene expressions.</p><p>\"This work lays the foundation to address questions about how these cells relate to the development of cancer,\" said Kelly Whelan, PhD, senior author on the study and Assistant Professor of Cancer and Cellular Biology and Assistant Professor in the Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine.</p><p>\"The next question we have is if we give a mouse a carcinogen, does one particular subset expand or is another particular subset depleted? If so, we would want to know whether cell types that change in the context of cancer are functionally contributing to the cancer process and whether we can target them to help treat or prevent cancer,\" she said.</p><p>To begin to address these questions, Whelan and her fellow researchers used single cell gene-expression profiling, a tool that identifies all the genes in a cell or tissue that make messenger RNA. These profiles can then be used to identify individual cell types within a complex tissue.</p><p>\"Essentially, we took more than 40,000 cells from mouse esophageal epithelium and used their individual gene-expression profiles to group them based on their commonality,\" she said.</p><p>When they started the study, Whelan said the researchers expected to find about three subsets of cells classified as basal, but they actually found six subsets, as well as four that were classified as differentiated. Additionally, one cell type was found to have characteristics of both basal and differentiated cells and was defined as an intermediate cell type.</p><p>\"We are now working to isolate these individual cell types in order to determine what the cells do functionally in terms of esophageal biology in the normal context first and then in the context of cancer. This study is a fundamental step toward that,\" said Whelan.</p>','2022-04-21 00:58:49.421187','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Temple University Health System','Researchers have defined 11 subsets of cells found in the esophagus of mice, information that could potentially help clinicians diagnose or treat certain types of cancer.\n',1,89,'<li>Mohammad Faujul Kabir, Adam L. Karami, Ricardo Cruz-Acuña, Alena Klochkova, Reshu Saxena, Anbin Mu, Mary Grace Murray, Jasmine Cruz, Annie D. Fuller, Margarette H. Clevenger, Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala, Yinfei Tan, Kelsey Keith, Jozef Madzo, Hugh Huang, Jaroslav Jelinek, Tatiana Karakasheva, Kathryn E. Hamilton, Amanda B. Muir, Marie-Pier Tétreault, Kelly A. Whelan. <strong>Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals cellular diversity of murine esophageal epithelium</strong>. <em>Nature Communications</em>, 2022; 13 (1) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29747-x\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41467-022-29747-x</a>\n</li>'),(2316,'Climate change may actually accelerate ocean currents','climate-change-may-actually-accelerate-ocean-currents','2022-04-21 02:36:56.090367',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">An international team led by researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego used computer model simulations to find that climate change is altering the mechanics of surface ocean circulations, making them become faster and thinner.</p><p>These changes can have a ripple effect in the ocean, affecting the transport of the nutrients organisms need as well as that of microorganisms themselves. Swifter currents may also affect the processes by which the ocean removes carbon and heat from the atmosphere and protects the planet from excessive atmospheric warming.</p><p>\"We were surprised to see that surface currents speed up in more than three-fourths of the world\'s oceans when we heated the ocean surface,\" said study lead author Qihua Peng, who recently joined Scripps Oceanography as a postdoctoral researcher.</p><p>The study, published April 20 in the journal <em>Science Advances</em>, sheds light on an underappreciated force behind the speed of global ocean currents. It helps resolve a debate on whether currents are accelerating as a result of global warming.</p><p>Wind has been the main factor scientists have studied to describe and predict the speed of currents, but the research team used a global ocean model to simulate what happens when sea surface temperatures are also increased. They found that warming makes the topmost layers of water become lighter. The increased density difference of those warm surface layers from the cold water beneath limits the swift ocean currents to a thinner layer, causing the surface currents to speed up in more than three-fourths of the world\'s oceans. The increased speed of rotating ocean currents known as gyres was associated with a slowdown of ocean circulation underneath. The team directly correlated the trend to the presence of ever-increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.</p><p>\"Our study points to a way forward for investigating ocean circulation change and evaluatingthe uncertainty,\" said Scripps Oceanography climate modeler Shang-Ping Xie, whose portion of the work is funded by the National Science Foundation.</p><p>Currents are organized into gyres in most oceans that are bounded by continents. The Southern Ocean that rings Antarctica is an exception. There, howling westerly winds make the Antarctic Circumpolar Current the largest in the world in terms of volume transport. Last year, Scripps scientists detected from ocean and space observations that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is speeding up.</p><p>\"The accelerating Antarctic Circumpolar Current is exactly what our model predicts as climate warms,\" said Xie.</p><p>Study co-authors include Dongxiao Wang of Sun Yat-Sen University in China, scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, and UC Riverside.</p>','2022-04-21 02:36:56.090367','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of California - San Diego','Scientists have used computer model simulations to find that climate change is altering the mechanics of surface ocean circulations, making them become faster and thinner.\n',1,27,'<li>Qihua Peng, Shang-Ping Xie, Dongxiao Wang, Rui Xin Huang, Gengxin Chen, Yeqiang Shu, Jia-Rui Shi, Wei Liu. <strong>Surface warming–induced global acceleration of upper ocean currents</strong>. <em>Science Advances</em>, 2022; 8 (16) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj8394\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1126/sciadv.abj8394</a>\n</li>'),(2317,'Portable MRIs almost as effective as standard MRIs in detecting strokes','portable-mris-almost-as-effective-as-standard-mris-in-detecting-strokes','2022-04-21 02:36:59.143294',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Portable MRI machines, an emerging technology that makes medical imaging accessible even in remote locations, detected ischemic strokes, or strokes caused by clotting, in 90% of patients scanned, according to a study led by Yale and Harvard researchers.</p><p>Previous studies have shown that portable MRI devices can also detect strokes caused by bleeding in the brain, which are distinct from strokes caused by brain clots. The ability of portable MRI machines to differentiate the two types of stroke will help clinicians make crucial life-saving treatment decisions quickly in remote areas for patients who lack ready access to major hospitals with expensive stationary MRI machines, the authors say.</p><p>The findings are published April 20 in the journal <em>Science Advances</em>.</p><p>\"This is the first systematic evidence you can detect ischemic strokes using portable, bedside devices,\" said Kevin Sheth, a professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Yale School of Medicine and co-corresponding author of the study.</p><p>Outcomes for stroke patients improve dramatically the quicker they receive treatment. But access to stationary MRI machines is limited for those who live far away from major hospitals or in developing countries. And even stroke patients who have access to major hospitals often have to wait for scans with stationary MRIs because of heavy demand for the equipment. Portable scans can be employed at a patient\'s bedside, in ambulances, or at clinics in remote areas, Sheth said.</p><p>In addition, quickly differentiating between different types of stroke is crucial for determining proper treatment, the researchers say. Ischemic strokes are usually treated with blood thinners. But that course of treatment is dangerous for those who experience hemorrhagic strokes or strokes in which there is bleeding in the brain.</p><p>In an analysis of portable MRI scans from 50 patients at Yale New Haven Hospital, the Yale and Harvard researchers found that the results largely confirmed ischemic stroke diagnoses made by stationary MRIs. For 45 of those patients, the portable MRI detected blood clots as small as 4 millimeters in size.</p><p>Sheth and his team have received funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct large-scale studies of portable MRI use in different settings.</p><p>Matthew Yuen from the Yale School of Medicine is lead author of the study. W. Taylor Kimberly of Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital is co-corresponding author.</p>','2022-04-21 02:36:59.143294','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Yale University','Portable MRI machines, an emerging technology that makes medical imaging accessible even in remote locations, detected ischemic strokes, or strokes caused by clotting, in 90% of patients scanned, according to a new study.\n',1,27,'<li>Matthew M. Yuen, Anjali M. Prabhat, Mercy H. Mazurek, Isha R. Chavva, Anna Crawford, Bradley A. Cahn, Rachel Beekman, Jennifer A. Kim, Kevin T. Gobeske, Nils H. Petersen, Guido J. Falcone, Emily J. Gilmore, David Y. Hwang, Adam S. Jasne, Hardik Amin, Richa Sharma, Charles Matouk, Adrienne Ward, Joseph Schindler, Lauren Sansing, Adam de Havenon, Ani Aydin, Charles Wira, Gordon Sze, Matthew S. Rosen, W. Taylor Kimberly, Kevin N. Sheth. <strong>Portable, low-field magnetic resonance imaging enables highly accessible and dynamic bedside evaluation of ischemic stroke</strong>. <em>Science Advances</em>, 2022; 8 (16) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm3952\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1126/sciadv.abm3952</a>\n</li>'),(2318,'Molecular robots work cooperatively in swarms','molecular-robots-work-cooperatively-in-swarms','2022-04-21 02:37:03.415052',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">In a global first, scientists have demonstrated that molecular robots are able to accomplish cargo delivery by employing a strategy of swarming, achieving a transport efficiency five times greater than that of single robots.</p><p>Swarm robotics is a new discipline, inspired by the cooperative behavior of living organisms, that focuses on the fabrication of robots and their utilization in swarms to accomplish complex tasks. A swarm is an orderly collective behavior of multiple individuals. Macro-scale swarm robots have been developed and employed for a variety of applications, such as transporting and accumulating cargo, forming shapes, and building complex structures.</p><p>A team of researchers, led by Dr. Mousumi Akter and Associate Professor Akira Kakugo from the Faculty of Science at Hokkaido University, has succeeded in developing the world\'s first working micro-sized machines utilizing the advantages of swarming. The findings were published in the journal <em>Science Robotics</em>. The team included Assistant Professor Daisuke Inoue, Kyushu University; Professor Henry Hess, Columbia University; Professor Hiroyuki Asanuma, Nagoya University; and Professor Akinori Kuzuya, Kansai University.</p><p>A swarm of cooperating robots gains a number of characteristics which are not found in individual robots -- they can divide a workload, respond to risks, and even create complex structures in response to changes in the environment. Microrobots and machines at the micro- and nano-scale have very few practical applications due to their size; if they could cooperate in swarms, their potential uses would increase massively.</p><p>The team constructed about five million single molecular machines. These machines were composed of two biological components: microtubules linked to DNA, which allowed them to swarm; and kinesin, which were actuators capable of transporting the microtubules. The DNA was combined with a light-sensitive compound called azobenzene that functioned as a sensor, allowing for control of swarming. When exposed to visible light, changes in the structure of azobenzene caused the DNA to form double strands and led to the microtubules forming swarms. Exposure to UV light reversed this process.</p><p>The cargo used in the experiments consisted of polystyrene beads of diameters ranging from micrometers to tens of micrometers. These beads were treated with azobenzene-linked DNA; thus, the cargo was loaded when exposed to visible light and unloaded when exposed to UV light. However, the DNA and azobenzene used in the molecular machines and the cargo were different, so swarming could be controlled independently of cargo-loading.</p><p>Single machines are able to load and transport polystyrene beads up to 3 micrometers in diameter, whereas swarms of machines could transport cargo as large as 30 micrometers in diameter. Furthermore, a comparison of transport distance and transport volume showed that the swarms were up to five times more efficient at transport compared to the single machines.</p><p>By demonstrating that molecular machines can be designed to swarm and cooperate to transport cargo with high efficiency, this study has laid the groundwork for the application of microrobots to various fields. \"In the near future, we expect to see microrobot swarms used in drug delivery, contaminant collection, molecular power generation devices, and micro-detection devices,\" says Akira Kakugo.</p><p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p>','2022-04-21 02:37:03.415052','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Hokkaido University','Scientists have demonstrated that molecular robots are able to accomplish cargo delivery by employing a strategy of swarming, achieving a transport efficiency five times greater than that of single robots.\n',1,27,'<li>M. Akter, J. J. Keya, K. Kayano, A. M. R. Kabir, D. Inoue, H. Hess, K. Sada, A. Kuzuya, H. Asanuma, A. Kakugo. <strong>Cooperative cargo transportation by a swarm of molecular machines</strong>. <em>Science Robotics</em>, 2022; 7 (65) DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abm0677\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1126/scirobotics.abm0677</a>\n</li>'),(2319,'Lab grown, self-sustainable muscle cells repair muscle injury and disease, mouse study shows','lab-grown,-self-sustainable-muscle-cells-repair-muscle-injury-and-disease,-mouse-study-shows','2022-04-21 02:39:43.411443',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">In proof-of-concept experiments, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say they have successfully cultivated human muscle stem cells capable of renewing themselves and repairing muscle tissue damage in mice, potentially advancing efforts to treat muscle injuries and muscle-wasting disorders in people.</p><p>A report on the experiments was published April 7 in <em>Cell Stem Cell</em>.</p><p>To make the self-renewing stem cells, the scientists began with laboratory-grown human skin cells that were genetically reprogrammed to a more primitive state in which the cells have the potential to become almost any type of cell in the body. At this point, the cells are known as induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells, and they are mixed with a solution of standard cell growth factors and nutrients that nudge them to differentiate into specific cell types.</p><p>In the laboratory, scientists have long been able to transform IPS cells into various types of cells, including skin and brain cells. What has been far more difficult, say the researchers, is the ability to turn IPS cells into self-renewing stem cells for a particular organ.</p><p>The research team, led by Gabsang Lee, Ph.D., D.V.M., professor of neurology and member of the Institute of Cell Engineering at Johns Hopkins Medicine, coaxed IPS cells to turn into muscle stem cells using a nutrient-rich broth. Further studies are planned, Lee says, to examine the recipe further to determine which ingredients may be key to brewing the muscle stem cells.</p><p>Lee is co-founder of Vita Therapeutics Inc., a Baltimore, Maryland-based cell engineering company, that hopes to bring muscle stem cell treatments to market for muscle wasting disorders, including muscular dystrophy. He cautions that such stem cell therapies are not yet available.</p><p>In proof-of-concept experiments with mice, the research team sought to determine where the newly developed cells would migrate in living animals, and if they could repair damaged tissue.</p><p>The team reported that when they injected the muscle stem cells into the mouse muscles, the cells moved to an area of the muscles known as the niche, where other natural muscle stem cells are typically found, and stayed there for more than four months.</p><p>The research team then used two different methods to determine if the muscle stem cells would repair damaged tissue.</p><p>In one method, the researchers transplanted the muscle stem cells into mice genetically engineered and bred without an immune system to avoid rejection of the transplanted cells. They then exposed the animals to a muscle-degrading toxin and radiation to eliminate muscle stem cells already existing within the mouse.</p><p>At the site of the toxin and radiation damage in the muscle tissue, the researchers found that the transplanted human muscle stem cells developed into myoblasts, a kind of muscle construction cell that repairs damage by fusing together and developing the microfibers that characterize normal muscle. They also found that some of the transplanted human muscle stem cells migrate to the niche and behave like muscle stem cells naturally found within the mouse.</p><p>In a second set of experiments, the researchers transplanted the muscle stem cells into mice genetically engineered with a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which results in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a muscle wasting disorder in mice and humans.</p><p>The researchers found that transplanted muscle stem cells traveled to the muscle niche area. Over several months, tests showed the transplanted mice were able to run twice as far on mini treadmills than untreated mice, a measure of muscle strength.</p><p>\"These muscle stem cells could potentially be developed as treatments for many types of muscle disorders,\" says Lee.</p><p>The research team plans to study the use of the cells in mouse models of other muscle-related conditions for their potential use in sports medicine, trauma, and age-related muscle loss.</p><p>Support for this research was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01NS093213, R01-AR076390, K01-AR074048, R01AR070751), the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund, the Maryland Stem Cell Fellowship, Vita Therapeutics, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the Peter and Carmen Lucia Buck Foundation, the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship, an American Heart Association Career Development Award, an American Heart Association Established Investigator Award, and National Research Foundation of Korea grants.</p><p>Under a license agreement between Vita Therapeutics and The Johns Hopkins University, Lee, Kathryn R. Wagner, and the University are entitled to royalty distributions related to technology described in the study discussed here. Vita Therapeutics provided partial support for this study. Lee, Wagner, and Peter Andersen are co-founders of Vita Therapeutics and hold equity in the company.</p><p>Other scientists who contributed to the research include Sunny (Congshan) Sun, Suraj Kannan, In Young Choi, HoTae Lim, Hao Zhang, Grace Chen, Nancy Zhang, Seong-Hyun Park, Carlo Serra, Shama Iyer, Thomas Lloyd, Chulan Kwon and Peter Andersen of Johns Hopkins; Richard Lovering of the University of Maryland School of Medicine (now at the National Institutes of Health); Su Bin Lim of the Ajou University School of Medicine in South Korea; and Congshan Sun and Kathryn Wagner, formerly of Johns Hopkins and the Kennedy Krieger Institute and now at Vita Therapeutics and F. Hoffman La-Roche Inc., respectively.</p>','2022-04-21 02:39:43.411443','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Johns Hopkins Medicine','In proof-of-concept experiments, scientists say they have successfully cultivated human muscle stem cells capable of renewing themselves and repairing muscle tissue damage in mice, potentially advancing efforts to treat muscle injuries and muscle-wasting disorders in people.\n',1,29,'<li>Congshan Sun, Suraj Kannan, In Young Choi, HoTae Lim, Hao Zhang, Grace S. Chen, Nancy Zhang, Seong-Hyun Park, Carlo Serra, Shama R. Iyer, Thomas E. Lloyd, Chulan Kwon, Richard M. Lovering, Su Bin Lim, Peter Andersen, Kathryn R. Wagner, Gabsang Lee. <strong>Human pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors undergo maturation to quiescent satellite cells upon engraftment</strong>. <em>Cell Stem Cell</em>, 2022; 29 (4): 610 DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.004\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.004</a>\n</li>'),(2320,'Making a game of it: Contests help new moms increase their steps','making-a-game-of-it:-contests-help-new-moms-increase-their-steps','2022-04-21 04:27:55.502533',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">Fun and games could be a solution to serious problems like preeclampsia and hypertension among pregnant people and holds promise for significant progress, according to a new study from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Researchers found that gamification -- broadly defined as the use of specially engineered games to stimulate learning and behavioral change -- could generate greater levels of exercise in postpartum individuals who developed these types of conditions. In turn, the increased physical activity can help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The findings are published today in <em>JAMA Cardiology</em>.</p><p>\"Experts have long recommended that we talk to postpartum women about adopting healthier lifestyle habits to reduce their cardiovascular risk, but there was very little guidance on how to do that,\" said study first author Jennifer Lewey, MD,a cardiologist and co-director of Penn Medicine\'s Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program. \"The question we were trying answer was whether we could develop a digital, remote intervention to improve physical activity for high-risk postpartum women. It was a digital intervention that included gamification and what we call social incentives to improve accountability.\"</p><p>Conditions like preeclampsia and gestational hypertension occur in up to 10 percent of all U.S. pregnancies and can heighten the risks of chronic hypertension and heart disease in the months and years following childbirth.</p><p>The dangers posed by these and similar conditions, known together as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), are better understood than ever. Nevertheless, successful strategies for improving lifestyle factors like physical activity in this population have remained elusive. Gamification has been successfully used in various healthcare disciplines and beyond, but this is the first time it has been tested in women with HDPs. With that in mind, Lewey and the study\'s senior author, Lisa Levine, MD, the Michael T. Mennuti, MD, associate professor in Reproductive Health and director of the Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program, set out to apply it in Maternal Fetal Medicine at Penn Medicine.</p><p>In the study, 127 participants received a wearable activity tracker to tally their daily steps. Roughly half of these individuals also took part in a game -- designed by co-author Mitesh Patel, MD, an associate professor of Medicine at Penn and vice president for Clinical Transformation at Ascension -- that assigned them to teams and offered points and achievement benchmarks for those who met or exceeded their step goals.</p><p>\"Each postpartum woman was joined up with two other postpartum women virtually,\" Lewey explained. \"Each team started the week with 70 points, and every day a team member was chosen at random. If that person met her step goals for that day, the team got to keep its points. But if they didn\'t, the team lost points.\"</p><p>On average, game players took 647 more steps per day than those in the control group. With existing evidence showing that people who take 1,000 extra steps per day can lower their risk of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease, the finding is significant.</p><p>Making the results potentially even more impactful, about 55 percent of the study participants were Black, while about 42 percent were enrolled in Medicaid -- two populations often associated with a higher likelihood of HDPs and cardiovascular risk.</p><p>\"I was excited that we were able to enroll a racially diverse population,\" Lewey said. \"That\'s important because a woman who identifies as Black or is of lower socioeconomic status has a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors.\"</p><p>While further studies will need to test the intervention over longer periods of time, the strategy could be tested now in other hospitals and health systems, Lewey said. Free or lower-cost smartphone apps can replace wearable tech, making it a relatively simple and cost-effective solution. Since many health systems keep in touch with new moms after hospital discharge, and with communication options expanding, eligible patients could be readily identified through existing channels.</p><p>\"We used text messages to recruit our participants,\" Lewey said. \"Any health system that already uses follow-up after delivery could easily find patients for this kind of intervention. The whole idea is that being on the team and having this game structure can help keep postpartum women motivated in keeping their step count goal.\"</p><p>This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (K23HL153667, HD65987), the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (UL1TRTOO1878).</p>','2022-04-21 04:27:55.502533','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine','Fun and games could be a solution to serious problems like preeclampsia and hypertension among pregnant people and holds promise for significant progress, according to a new study. Researchers found that gamification—broadly defined as the use of specially engineered games to stimulate learning and behavioral change—could generate greater levels of exercise in postpartum individuals who developed these types of conditions.\n',1,150,'<li>Jennifer Lewey, Samantha Murphy, Dazheng Zhang, Mary E. Putt, Michal A. Elovitz, Valerie Riis, Mitesh S. Patel, Lisa D. Levine. <strong>Effectiveness of a Text-Based Gamification Intervention to Improve Physical Activity Among Postpartum Individuals With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy</strong>. <em>JAMA Cardiology</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0553\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0553</a>\n</li>'),(2321,'Widespread brain receptor hides surprising mechanism of action','widespread-brain-receptor-hides-surprising-mechanism-of-action','2022-04-21 04:28:03.283601',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">One of the most important molecules in the brain doesn\'t work quite the way scientists thought it did, according to new work by researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Carnegie Mellon University.</p><p>The results, published April 20 in <em>Nature, </em>may aid the development of a new generation of more effective neurological and psychiatric therapies with fewer side effects.</p><p>The new research takes a close look at glutamate, the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain. Glutamate binds to receptors on brain cells, which opens a channel into the cell, allowing ions to pass through to propagate an electrical signal.</p><p>\"The way the brain works is through communication between neurons, and these are the main receptors which allow this communication,\" says Alexander Sobolevsky, PhD, associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia and senior author on the paper.</p><p>Each receptor can bind up to four molecules of glutamate and produce four different levels of conductivity. Previous studies had linked binding to conductivity in a simple stepwise fashion, in which binding each additional glutamate molecule increased the conductivity another step.</p><p>While that explanation made sense, nobody had looked closely enough to confirm it. In the new work, the investigators combined a technique called cryo-electron microscopy with sophisticated data analysis to reveal the first detailed pictures of glutamate binding to its receptors.</p><p>\"We actually carried out experiments in the conditions where we see all these intermediates, one glutamate and then two glutamates, three glutamates, and then it binds all four,\" says Sobolevsky.</p><p>These images reveal that glutamate binds to the subunits of its receptor only in specific patterns. That overturns the prevailing view that each subunit binds glutamate independently and points toward new levels of complexity in neuronal signaling and drug responses.</p><p>Instead of straightforward stepwise transitions, Sobolevsky and his colleagues found that a glutamate molecule must bind to one of two specific receptor subunits before any glutamates can bind to the other two subunits. In addition, the conductivity levels of the receptor didn\'t correlate directly to the number of glutamates bound to it; a receptor could have two or more glutamates attached but still only reach the first level of conductivity.</p><p>The results open an entirely new line of investigation, and the team is now probing how different accessory molecules on neurons affect the interaction. Learning more about the glutamate receptors\' specific activation states may aid the development of better drugs for conditions that involve glutamate receptors, such as depression, dementia, Parkinson\'s disease, epilepsy, and stroke.</p><p>Video: <a href=\"https://youtu.be/IeQZTFMz5ek\">https://youtu.be/IeQZTFMz5ek</a></p><p>The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA206573, R01 NS083660, R01 NS107253, R01 AR078814, R01 GM128195, and R01 AG065594) and the National Science Foundation (1818086, 1818213, and 1563291).</p>','2022-04-21 04:28:03.283601','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Columbia University Irving Medical Center','One of the most important molecules in the brain doesn\'t work quite the way scientists thought it did, according to new work.\n',1,27,'<li>Maria V. Yelshanskaya, Dhilon S. Patel, Christopher M. Kottke, Maria G. Kurnikova, Alexander I. Sobolevsky. <strong>Opening of glutamate receptor channel to subconductance levels</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04637-w\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04637-w</a>\n</li>'),(2322,'For neurons, where they begin isn\'t necessarily where they end','for-neurons,-where-they-begin-isn\'t-necessarily-where-they-end','2022-04-21 04:28:06.111673',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">The making of a human brain remains a mostly mysterious process that races from an embryonic neural tube to more than 100 billion interconnected neurons in the brain of a newborn. To achieve this marvel of biological engineering, the developing fetal brain must grow, on average, at a rate of roughly 250,000 nerve cells per minute throughout the course of a pregnancy.</p><p>These nerve cells are often generated far from where they will eventually reside and function in the new brain, a migration that, while much investigated in animal models using chemical or biological tracers, has never been studied directly in humans. Until now.</p><p>In a new paper, published online April 20, 2022 in <em>Nature</em>, scientists at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Rady Children\'s Institute of Genomic Medicine describe novel methods for inferring the movement of human brain cells during fetal development by studying healthy adult individuals who have recently passed away from natural causes.</p><p>\"Every time a cell divides into two daughter cells, by chance, there arise one or more new mutations, which leave a trail of breadcrumbs that can be read out by modern DNA sequencers,\" said senior author Joseph Gleeson, MD, Rady Professor of Neuroscience at UC San Diego School of Medicine and director of neuroscience research at the Rady Children\'s Institute for Genomic Medicine.</p><p>\"By developing methods to read these mutations across the brain, we are able to reveal key insights into how the human brain forms, in comparison with other species.\"</p><p>Although there are 3 billion DNA bases -- and more than 30 trillion cells in the human body -- Gleeson and colleagues focused their efforts on just a few hundred DNA mutations that likely arose during the first few cell divisions after fertilization of the embryo or during early development of the brain. By tracking these mutations throughout the brain in deceased individuals, they were able to reconstruct development of the human brain for the first time.</p><p>To understand the type of cells displaying these breadcrumb mutations, they developed methods to isolate each of the major cell types in the brain. For instance, by profiling the mutations in excitatory neurons compared with inhibitory neurons, they confirmed the long-held suspicion that these two cell types are generated in different germinal zones of the brain, and then later mix together in the cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the organ.</p><p>However, they also discovered that the mutations found in the left and right sides of the brain were different from one another, suggesting that -- at least in humans -- the two cerebral hemispheres separate during development much earlier than previously suspected.</p><p>The results have implications for certain human diseases, like intractable epilepsies, where patients show spontaneous convulsive seizures and require surgery to remove an epileptic brain focus, said Martin W. Breuss, PhD, former project scientist at UC San Diego and now an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.</p><p>Breuss is co-first author with Xiaoxu Yang, PhD, postdoctoral scholar and Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki, MD, project scientist, both at UC San Diego; and Danny Antaki, PhD, a former postdoctoral scholar at UC San Diego, now at Twist Biosciences.</p><p>\"This study,\" the authors said, \"solves the mystery as to why these foci are almost always restricted to one hemisphere of the brain. Applying these results to other neurological conditions could help scientists understand more mysteries of the brain.\"</p><p>Co-authors include: Xin Xu, Changuk Chung, Guoliang Chai, Valentina Stanley, Qiong Song, Traci F. Newmeyer, An Nguyen, Beibei Cao, Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri and Brett R. Copeland, all at UC San Diego and Rady Children\'s Institute for Genomic Medicine; Addison J. Lana, Sydney O\'Brien, Marten A. Hoeksema, Alexi Nott, Martina P. Pasilla, Scott T. Barton, and Christopher K. Glass, all at UC San Diego; Shareef Nahas, Lucitia Van Der Kraan and Yan Ding, Rady Children\'s Institute for Genomic Medicine and the NIMH Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network.</p><p>Funding for this research came, in part, from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the National Institute of Mental Health (grants MH108898, RO1 MH124890, R21 AG070462), the National Institute on Aging (grants RF1 AGO6106-02, R01 AGO56511-02, R01 NS096170-04) and the UC San Diego IGM Genomics Center (S10 OD026929).</p><p>Video: <a href=\"https://youtu.be/WfrvSYi9M6A\">https://youtu.be/WfrvSYi9M6A</a></p>','2022-04-21 04:28:06.111673','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'University of California - San Diego','Scientists describe novel methods for inferring the movement of human brain cells during fetal development by studying healthy adult individuals who have recently passed away from natural causes.\n',1,162,'<li>Martin W. Breuss, Xiaoxu Yang, Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki, Danny Antaki, Addison J. Lana, Xin Xu, Changuk Chung, Guoliang Chai, Valentina Stanley, Qiong Song, Traci F. Newmeyer, An Nguyen, Sydney O’Brien, Marten A. Hoeksema, Beibei Cao, Alexi Nott, Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri, Martina P. Pasillas, Scott T. Barton, Brett R. Copeland, Shareef Nahas, Lucitia Van Der Kraan, Yan Ding, Joseph G. Gleeson, Martin W. Breuss, Xiaoxu Yang, Danny Antaki, Changuk Chung, Dan Averbuj, Eric Courchesne, Laurel L. Ball, Subhojit Roy, Daniel Weinberger, Andrew Jaffe, Apua Paquola, Jennifer Erwin, Jooheon Shin, Michael McConnell, Richard Straub, Rujuta Narurkar, Gary Mathern, Christopher A. Walsh, Alice Lee, August Yue Huang, Alissa D’Gama, Caroline Dias, Eduardo Maury, Javier Ganz, Michael Lodato, Michael Miller, Pengpeng Li, Rachel Rodin, Rebeca Borges-Monroy, Robert Hill, Sara Bizzotto, Sattar Khoshkhoo, Sonia Kim, Zinan Zhou, Peter J. Park, Alison Barton, Alon Galor, Chong Chu, Craig Bohrson, Doga Gulhan, Elaine Lim, Euncheon Lim, Giorgio Melloni, Isidro Cortes, Jake Lee, Joe Luquette, Lixing Yang, Maxwell Sherman, Michael Coulter, Minseok Kwon, Semin Lee, Soo Lee, Vinary Viswanadham, Yanmei Dou, Andrew J. Chess, Attila Jones, Chaggai Rosenbluh, Schahram Akbarian, Ben Langmead, Jeremy Thorpe, Sean Cho, Alexej Abyzov, Taejeong Bae, Yeongjun Jang, Yifan Wang, Cindy Molitor, Mette Peters, Fred H. Gage, Meiyan Wang, Patrick Reed, Sara Linker, Alexander Urban, Bo Zhou, Reenal Pattni, Xiaowei Zhu, Aitor Serres Amero, David Juan, Inna Povolotskaya, Irene Lobon, Manuel Solis Moruno, Raquel Garcia Perez, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Eduardo Soriano, John V. Moran, Chen Sun, Diane A. Flasch, Trenton J. Frisbie, Huira C. Kopera, Jeffrey M. Kidd, John B. Moldovan, Kenneth Y. Kwan, Ryan E. Mills, Sarah B. Emery, Weichen Zhou, Xuefang Zhao, Aakrosh Ratan, Flora M. Vaccarino, Adriana Cherskov, Alexandre Jourdon, Liana Fasching, Nenad Sestan, Sirisha Pochareddy, Soraya Scuder, Christopher K. Glass, Joseph G. Gleeson. <strong>Somatic mosaicism reveals clonal distributions of neocortical development</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04602-7\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038/s41586-022-04602-7</a>\n</li>'),(2323,'Risky driving behaviors increase as common sleep disorder worsens','risky-driving-behaviors-increase-as-common-sleep-disorder-worsens','2022-04-21 04:28:09.595946',' <p class=\"lead\" id=\"first\">People with sleep apnea wake up tired in the morning, no matter how many hours they actually sleep. The condition causes them to briefly stop and restart breathing dozens or even hundreds of times a night. Even though such breathing interruptions often don\'t awaken those with apnea, they prevent them from sinking into deep, refreshing sleep.</p><p>A new study puts a number on how dangerous such chronic tiredness can be, at least in regard to driving. For every eight additional breathing interruptions per hour, the odds of making a dangerous driving move such as speeding, braking hard or accelerating suddenly increase by 27%, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.</p><p>Older adults are more likely to develop sleep apnea. They also are more likely to be seriously injured or killed in a car accident. The findings, available online in the journal Sleep, suggest that screening older adults for sleep apnea and for treatment, if needed, may help older people continue driving safely for longer.</p><p>\"The percentage of older adults with mild sleep apnea is 30% to 50%, but if such adults don\'t have daytime sleepiness or other evidence of impairment, they may not come to medical attention,\" said co-senior author Brendan Lucey, MD, an associate professor of neurology and director of Washington University\'s Sleep Medicine Center. \"However, these findings suggest that we might want a lower threshold to evaluate older adults for sleep apnea and track their breathing interruptions. If their conditions worsen by just eight interruptions an hour, that could have significant adverse effects on their driving and their risk of suffering serious injury.\"</p><p>People 65 and over are the most responsible drivers on the road. They obey speed limits. They drive defensively. They avoid driving at night, in bad weather and in unfamiliar places. But the changes that often come with advancing age -- such as deteriorating vision, slower reflexes and, yes, difficulty sleeping -- can undermine even the safest habits.</p><p>Lucey teamed up with driving researcher Ganesh M. Babulal, PhD, OTD, an assistant professor of neurology and the paper\'s co-senior author, to investigate the relationship between sleep apnea and risky driving behaviors. Participants were recruited from ongoing studies at Washington University\'s Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC).</p><p>Babulal and Lucey monitored the driving and sleep habits of 96 older adults under real-world conditions. They used a commercially available take-home test to identify people with sleep apnea and measure its severity. Less than five breathing interruptions per hour is considered normal, five to 15 is mild sleep apnea, 15 to 30 is moderate, and greater than 30 is severe.</p><p>To assess driving habits, the researchers installed a chip developed by Babulal and colleagues into participants\' personal vehicles and monitored their driving for a year, focusing on episodes of hard braking, sudden acceleration and speeding. In total, they collected data on more than 100,000 trips. Participants also were evaluated by researchers at the Knight ADRC for cognitive impairments and molecular signs of early Alzheimer\'s disease.</p><p>Even though all participants were cognitively normal, about a third had brain changes indicative of early Alzheimer\'s disease. The researchers found that the frequency with which drivers made dangerous moves behind the wheel rose in parallel with the frequency with which their sleep was interrupted at night, regardless of whether their brains bore the marks of early Alzheimer\'s.</p><p>\"We didn\'t have cameras in the vehicles, so we don\'t know exactly what happened that caused someone to, say, brake hard suddenly,\" Babulal said. \"But it could be something like a stoplight that they didn\'t realize was red until they got close and had to stomp on the brakes. The more tired you are, the less attention you have to deploy to the task at hand, especially if it is novel and constantly changing.\"</p><p>The study helps untangle the ways aging-associated risk factors such as poor sleep and Alzheimer\'s disease put older adults in danger while driving, and could aid efforts to find ways to maximize years of safe driving, the researchers said.</p><p>\"Driving always carries the risk of crashing, and older adults are at risk of more severe injury than younger adults if they experience a crash,\" Babulal said. \"But we can\'t just tell them to give up their keys. When older people stop driving, they lose a lot of their independence and mobility, which is often associated with negative health and social outcomes. What we want to understand is what puts them at a higher risk so we can intervene and help them stay behind the wheel, safely, for as long as possible.\"</p>','2022-04-21 04:28:09.595946','uploads/news/logo.jpg',1,'Washington University School of Medicine','Up to half of older adults may have sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing and sleep are briefly interrupted many times a night. A new study shows that this chronic tiredness can have serious implications for road safety.\n',1,201,'<li>Jason M Doherty, Catherine M Roe, Samantha A Murphy, Ann M Johnson, Ella Fleischer, Cristina D Toedebusch, Tiara Redrick, David Freund, John C Morris, Suzanne E Schindler, Anne M Fagan, David M Holtzman, Brendan P Lucey, Ganesh M Babulal. <strong>Adverse driving behaviors are associated with sleep apnea severity and age in cognitively normal older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease</strong>. <em>Sleep</em>, 2022; DOI: <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac070\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">10.1093/sleep/zsac070</a>\n</li>'),(2324,'Rise of reptiles with global warming since 60 Million Years','rise-reptiles-global-warming-60-million-years','2022-08-22 00:50:54.055177','<p><span style=\"font-family: roboto, sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sixty million years of weather extrade precipitated the meteoric upward thrust of reptiles round 250 million years in the past, now no longer a mass extinction of mammals as formerly thought, a brand new Harvard University-led examine has stated. Just over 250 million years in the past, all through the quit of the Permian period, and begin of the Triassic, reptiles\' fees of evolution and variety commenced exploding, main to a dizzying sort of abilities, frame plans, and traits. \r\n\r\nFor the longest time, this flourish changed into defined via way of means of their opposition being worn out via way of means of  of the most important mass extinction events (round 261 and 252 million years in the past) withinside the records of the planet. Harvard palaeontologist Stephanie Pierce\'s studies indicates that the evolution and diversification, visible in early reptiles, now no longer best commenced years earlier than those mass extinction events, however as a substitute have been immediately pushed via way of means of what brought about them withinside the first place, growing worldwide temperatures because of weather extrade. \r\n\r\n\"Climate extrade surely immediately precipitated the adaptive reaction of reptiles to assist construct this big array of latest frame plans and the explosion of organizations that we see withinside the Triassic,\" stated Tiago R. Simoes, a postdoctoral fellow withinside the Pierce lab and lead creator at the examine. In the paper, posted withinside the magazine Science Advances, the researchers supplied a near examine how a big organization of organisms evolve due to weather extrade, that is specially pertinent these days as temperatures constantly upward thrust.\r\n\r\nIn fact, the charge of carbon dioxide launched into the ecosystem these days is set 9 instances what they have been all through the time-frame that culminated in the most important weather extrade-pushed mass extinction of all time, 252 million years in the past: the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. \"Major shifts in worldwide temperature will have dramatic and ranging affects on biodiversity,\" stated Stephanie E. Pierce, curator of vertebrate palaeontology withinside the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Also Read - Highlight harms, now no longer blessings to regulate behaviour \r\n\r\nThe examine worried near 8 years of statistics series as Simees travelled to over 20 international locations and greater than 50 distinctive museums to take scans and snapshots of greater than 1,000 reptilian fossils. The dataset confirmed that rises in worldwide temperatures, which commenced at approximately 270 million years in the past and lasted till at the least 240 million years in the past, have been accompanied via way of means of fast frame modifications in maximum reptile lineages. \r\n\r\nFor instance, a number of the bigger cold-blooded animals developed to emerge as smaller so they might quiet down easier; others developed to existence in water for that equal effect.</span><br></p>','2022-08-22 00:50:54.055219','uploads/news/DCTM_Penguin_UK_DK_AL706662_vevloa2_lvmis3.png',1,'Harvard University','Sixty million years of climate change triggered the meteoric rise of reptiles around 250 million years ago, not a mass extinction of mammals as previously thought, a new Harvard University-led study has said.',1,98,'<p>Harvard Study&nbsp;</p>'),(2325,'Pace as important as 10,000 steps for health','pace-important-10000-steps-health','2022-09-14 12:42:43.593511','<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Tahoma;\">Walking 10,000 steps a day lowers the risk of disease and death, but the speed at which one walks is equally important according to the new research.</span></p><p>Million of health concerned people walk 10,000 steps on a daily basis to reduce the chances of serious health problems. But, the speed at which one walks is important too.</p><p>The researchers from different universities found that lowered risk of diseases are associated with achieving 10,000 steps a day. However, \"power walk\" showed additional benefits beyond the number of steps achieved.</p><p>&nbsp;The co-lead author Associate Professor <b>Borja del Pozo Cruz</b> from the University of Southern Denmark said \"For less active individuals, our study also demonstrates that as low as 3,800 steps a day can cut the risk of dementia by 25 percent\". According to the senior author <b>Emmanuel Stamatakis</b>, Professor of Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Population Health at the University of Sydney people rarely tend to think about pace of the steps.</p><p>The studies are published in <b>JAMA Internal Medicine and JAMA Neurology</b>. The study counted data from 78,500 UK adults aged from 40 to 79 years. The individuals wore wrist accelerometer to measure the activity in terms of physical way over 7 days span. <b>Dr Matthew Ahmadi</b> said \"The size and scope of these studies using wrist-worn trackers makes it the most robust evidence to date suggesting that 10,000 steps a day is the sweet spot for health benefits and walking faster is associated with additional benefits\".</p><p>&nbsp;The research mainly explained that the faster pace showed beneficial associations for all health associated issues such as dementia, heart disease, cancer.</p><p><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Tahoma;\">Thus, concentrating on the associates with the research the pace of walking is the key for additional health benefits.</span></p><p><br></p><br>','2022-09-13 17:06:43.342816','uploads/news/walk.jpeg',1,'The University of Sydney','10,000 steps a day is the \'sweet spot\' for lowered risk of disease and death, but how fast you walk could be just as important according to new research.',5,22,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Borja del Pozo Cruz, Matthew N. Ahmadi, I-Min Lee, Emmanuel Stamatakis.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Prospective Associations of Daily Step Counts and Intensity With Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and All-Cause Mortality</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">JAMA Internal Medicine</em>, 2022; DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.4000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.4000</a></li><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Borja del Pozo Cruz, Matthew Ahmadi, Sharon L. Naismith, Emmanuel Stamatakis.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Association of Daily Step Count and Intensity With Incident Dementia in 78 430 Adults Living in the UK</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">JAMA Neurology</em>, 2022; DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2672\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2672</a></li></ol>'),(2326,'Scientists find evidence of \'baby\' planet in making','scientists-find-evidence-baby-planet-making','2022-09-16 02:58:56.601951','<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 24px;\"><b>Scientists find evidence of baby planet in making.</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Everyday scientists and astronomers keep researching on new developments in the space. After researching and studying, scientists have found evidence that there is a baby planet in making.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">According to Feng Long, it is very challenging to directly detect young planets because planets are always too faint for us to see and are embedded with gas and dust. For researching and studying Long decided to re-examine the plotoplanetary disk LkCa 15. It is located 518 light years away in the direction of taurus constellation.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">While examining Long discovered that there were two separate and bright bunches orbiting within the disk. These bunches were in the shape of small clump and a larger arc. She said that this degree of separation doesn\'t happens. So, it is mathematically important.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"> Lagrange points are the long points to position in space, where two bodies in motion&nbsp; produce enhanced regions of attraction around them where matter may accumulate. As per research, the arc and clump detected are located at L4 and L5 points. At about 60 degrees there is a hidden planet which is causing accumulation of dust&nbsp; at L4 and L5 points.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">As per results the planet is approximately equal to the size of Neptune or Saturn and it is around one to three million years old.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Directly imaging the small and newborn planet is not possible due to technology constraints, but Long believes&nbsp; that further ALMA observations of LkCa 15 can provide additional evidence for supporting her discovery.</span><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-09-16 02:51:36.525389','uploads/news/planet.jpg',1,'Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics','Scientists find evidence of baby planet in making. Evidences show that at about 60 degrees there is a hidden planet which is causing accumulation of dust  at L4 and L5 points.',5,1,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Feng Long, Sean M. Andrews, Shangjia Zhang, Chunhua Qi, Myriam Benisty, Stefano Facchini, Andrea Isella, David J. Wilner, Jaehan Bae, Jane Huang, Ryan A. Loomis, Karin I. Öberg, Zhaohuan Zhu.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">ALMA Detection of Dust Trapping around Lagrangian Points in the LkCa 15 Disk</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">The Astrophysical Journal Letters</em>, 2022; 937 (1): L1 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8b10\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.3847/2041-8213/ac8b10</a>.</li></ol>'),(2327,'Scientists create matter from nothing','scientists-create-matter-nothing','2022-09-19 20:48:33.557503','<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial;\"><b>Is it possible creating matter out of nothing? The answer is yes, the scientists have created matter out of nothing.</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">We are aware of the saying \"You can\'t create anything from nothing\". But the actual physics is not that definite. The universal physics is a complete combination of different laws. There are numerous theories which prove many things related to matter, time and space. Around 70 years old there was a theory which stated that we can force matter out of nothing. Scientists have spend decades experimenting the possibility of this theory. Now they have successfully proven it correct.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">One such example is of <b>Big Bang theory</b>. The physicists have tried to understand the cause of this. We know that when two particles collide in an empty space it causes some additional particles to emerge. Also, there are theories stating that a strong electromagnetic field can create matter and antimatter out of nothing.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Actually creating and managing this was next to impossible. But our great scientists have always proved impossible things to be possible. There are so many researches, discoveries that have proven the effectiveness of&nbsp; those scientists who have made these impossible researches to become possible with their great knowledge. Such a theory is this.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">In the early 2022, a group of researchers created a strong electric field in their laboratory. The main moto was to level the unique properties of&nbsp; graphene. With these fields the researchers enabled the spontaneous creation of particle- antiparticle pairs from nothing.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Thus, the theory that stated that creating matter from nothing is indeed possible which was first proposed by <b>Julian Schwinger</b>, one of the founders of quantum field theory is proved.</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">﻿</span></p>','2022-09-19 18:20:19.066919','uploads/news/matter.jpg',1,'Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California','Is it possible creating matter out of nothing? The answer is yes, the scientists have created matter out of nothing. The theory that stated that creating matter from nothing is indeed possible which was first proposed by Julian Schwinger, one of the founders of quantum field theory is proved.',5,24,'<ul><li><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\">Browne, M. W. (1997). Scientists use light to create particles.&nbsp;</span><i style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\">New York Times</i><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\">,&nbsp;</span><i style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\">5</i><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\">.</span><br></li></ul>'),(2328,'SERIOUS! \'Night owls\' may have greater risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease','serious-night-owls-may-have-greater-risk-type-2-diabetes-heart-disease','2022-09-21 16:37:11.396950','<h2 class=\"artdec\" style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(60, 60, 60);\">Researcher Steven Malin from Rutgers University in the US has said our wake/sleep lifecycle could affect how our bodies use insulin the differences in fat metabolism between \'early birds\' and \'night owls\' shows that our body\'s circadian rhythm. Researcher had noted that people who prefer to be more active in night may have risk for&nbsp; type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Study has found that our wake/sleep lifecycle causes metabolic difference in body. People those who stay up late have reduced ability to use fat for energy. Meaning fats may increased in body and may also increase the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. </h2><h2 class=\"artdec\" style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(60, 60, 60);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Research\'s found that people people who are more active in day rely more on fat as energy source and they are even more energetic as compare to night owls. The wake/sleep lifecycle of \'early birds\' and \'night owls\' shows difference in their fat metabolism. And it could affect body to use insulin. According to Experimental Physiology, they classified the 51 participants into groups as \'early birds\' and \'night owls\' based on natural propensity to seek activity and sleep at different times. These all participants were monitored for weeks to assess. They had to fast overnight and they also ate nutrition-control and proper diet to minimize dietary impact on the results. All participants were checked aerobic fitness level through the incline and it was raised by 2.5%&nbsp; every two minutes until the participants were reached at the level of exhaustion.&nbsp;</h2><p style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 29px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Researcher\'s found that while exercising early birds requires more fat&nbsp; energy than night owls. Early birds were also more insulin sensitive. They said \"Early birds are more physically active and also have higher fitness level than night owls who are more sedentary throughout the&nbsp; day\".</span></p><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\"><br><div style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-family: arial;\"></div>','2022-09-20 15:07:02.039043','uploads/news/night_owls.jpg',1,'Information provided by IANS. Researcher Steven Malin from Rutgers University in the US.','The differences in fat metabolism between \'early birds\' and \'night owls\' shows that our body\'s circadian rhythm (wake/sleep cycle) could affect how our bodies use insulin,\" said Professor Steven Malin, from Rutgers University.',6,46,'<p><span class=\"author-info\" style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 21px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(1, 1, 1); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"author-name\" style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 21px;\">&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.indiatvnews.com/author/ians\" style=\"padding: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px center; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(10, 73, 144);\">IANS</a>, </span></span><a href=\"https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/night-owls-may-have-higher-risk-of-diabetes-heart-disease-study/94329669\" target=\"_blank\">https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/night-owls-may-have-higher-risk-of-diabetes-heart-disease-study/94329669</a><span style=\"color: rgb(1, 1, 1); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"></span><span class=\"author-location\" style=\"background: 0px center; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 21px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); display: block; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><br></span></p>'),(2329,'New Webb Image Captures Clearest View of Neptune’s Rings in Decades','new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptunes-rings-in-decades','2022-10-02 16:45:12.969113','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has released its first image of Neptune,&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\" title=\"according to a statement\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"underline border-color-ie\" style=\"outline: none; color: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); transition: all 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-underline-offset: 0px; border-bottom: 4px solid rgb(54, 172, 217); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">according to a statement</a><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp;by NASA published on Wednesday. The spectacular image has captured the clearest view of this distant planet in more than 30 years. Which was not even noted since 1989 remains notable in web\'s new image.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">The telescope even managed to capture some of Neptune’s fainter dust bands. Neptune system expert said \"</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared\".</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In 1846 Neptune was discovered first and has fascinated astromers. Due to the chemical makeup of t</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">he planet it is characterized as an ice giant.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">However, Neptune is much richer in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium than its neighbor gas giants Jupiter and Saturn.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">In previous Hubble Space Telescope images, the planet appeared blue but Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images objects in the near-infrared range from 0.6 to 5 microns, making the celestial object a beautiful tint of purple. This all is just because of its concentration of methane gas so strongly and it absorbs red and infrared light.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<b>TRITON </b>has been also spotted&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">But Webb did not only produce a more colorful and clearer observation of the planet, but it also captured seven of Neptune’s 14 known moons, particularly Triton.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\"><br></span></p><ul><li><span style=\"color: rgb(60, 64, 68); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18.4px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 18.75px;\">Webb also captured seven of Neptune\'s 14 known moons. Dominating this Webb portrait of Neptune is a very bright point of light sporting the signature diffraction spikes seen in many of Webb\'s images, but this is not a star. Rather, this is Neptune\'s large and unusual moon, Triton.</span></li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 18.75px;\">Covered in a frozen sheen of condensed nitrogen, Triton reflects an average of 70% of the sunlight that hits it. It far outshines Neptune in this image because the planet\'s atmosphere is darkened by methane absorption at these near-infrared wavelengths. </li><li style=\"margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 18.75px;\">Triton orbits Neptune in an unusual backward (retrograde) orbit, leading astronomers to speculate that this moon was originally a Kuiper belt object that was gravitationally captured by Neptune. Additional Webb studies of both Triton and Neptune are planned in the coming year.</li></ul><p style=\"margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 18.75px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The James web space telescope it is the worlds largest&nbsp; space science observatory. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partner ESA&nbsp;<em style=\"font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">(European Space Agency)&nbsp;</em><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\">and with also Canadian Space Agency.</span></p>','2022-09-21 17:01:46.666349','uploads/news/neptune.png',1,'NASA\'s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.\r\n\r\nHannah Braun\r\nSpace Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.\r\n\r\nChristine Pulliam\r\nSpace Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.','James Webb image captures Neptune\'s rings in striking detail\r\nSuch an image has not been seen in nearly 30 years.',6,117,'<p><a href=\"http://interestingengineering.com/science/james-webb-image-captures-neptunes-rings-in-striking-detail\" target=\"_blank\">interestingengineering.com/science/james-webb-image-captures-neptunes-rings-in-striking-detail</a><br></p>'),(2330,'James Webb Space Telescope capture new images of Neptune with its shiny, dusty rings','james-webb-space-telescope-capture-new-images-neptune-its-shiny-rings','2022-10-02 16:35:19.125994','<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun and the farthest known solar planet. It was discovered in 1846. It is characterized as an ice giant. It is</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;characterized as an ice giant due to the chemical makeup of its interior. Compared to the gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune is much richer in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;Neptune has six narrow rings.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">James Webb Telescope is the World\'s premier space science observatory. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partner\'s European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency. Webb will help in solving many solar mysteries in further future.</span></p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-02/b97915d2-d114-4cf8-a210-07683c8610c3.webp\" style=\"width: 373.447px; height: 210.219px;\"></p><p><br></p><p> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Around 32 years ago, NASA launched the spacecraft Voyager 2. It discovered that Neptune has five moons, four rings, and a \"Great Dark Spot\". Now, the James Webb Space Telescope has captured the clearest pictures of Neptune\'s rings.</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-22/6645bbab-555c-437f-bfcd-6774eaa07410.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 385px; height: 247.486px;\"></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared,” notes Heidi Hammel, a Neptune system expert and interdisciplinary scientist for Webb. Webb’s extremely stable and precise image quality permits these very faint rings to be detected so close to Neptune.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><br></span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The signature appearance of Neptune is blue as discovered by Hubble Space Telescope. But it doesn\'t appear to be blue in the Webb telescope because the Near-Infrared Camera only images objects from&nbsp; 0.6 to 5 microns. The methane gas absorbs the red and infrared light so strongly, due to which the planet is quite dark at this range.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">A thin line of brightness circling the planet\'s equator could be a visual signature of global atmospheric circulation</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">that powers Neptune’s winds and storms.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The atmosphere descends and warms at the equator, and thus glows at infrared wavelengths more than the surrounding, cooler gases.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The northern area of Neptune is out of view for astronomers but the Webb images hint at an intriguing brightness in that area.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">A previously-known vortex at the southern pole is evident in Webb’s view. Webb has revealed a continuous&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">band of high-latitude clouds surrounding it.</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The Webb telescope also captured 14 moons of Neptune. The large bright spiky point seen in the recent Webb captured images is not the star, it is Neptune\'s large and unusual moon, Triton. It reflects around 70 percent of the sunlight thus it is outshining the planet in the image as the usual atmosphere of Neptune is darkened by Methane absorption. Triton orbits Neptune in a backward orbit. T</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">his moon was originally a Kuiper belt object that was gravitationally captured by Neptune.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">In the coming years, there will be more studies and discoveries related to Neptune and Triton.</span></p>','2022-09-22 17:56:30.618121','uploads/news/neptune1.webp',1,'NASA','After three decades,  the images captured by James Webb Telescope have clearly shown the rings of Neptune.',5,117,'<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;\"><a href=\"mailto:laura.e.betz@nasa.gov?subject=Webb%20Image%20Captures%20Clearest%20View%20of%20Neptune%27s%20Rings%20in%20Decades\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">Laura Betz</span></font></a><br><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">NASA\'s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.</font></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;\"></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;\">Hannah Braun<br>Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.</p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;\"></p><p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em;\">Christine Pulliam<br>Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md</p>'),(2331,'Jupiter, Earth will be closest in 59 years: Don\'t miss','jupiter-earth-will-be-closest-59-years-dont-miss','2022-10-02 16:46:08.098632','<p></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">On Monday(26 September) stargazer\'s expect incredible views of Jupiter.</span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">The gas giant is set to make its closest approach to Earth in the last 59 years.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">On the same day, Jupiter will be directly opposite the Sun when viewed from the Earth. This astronomical arrangement is known as \'opposition.\'</span></p><span class=\"dp-bl mg-t-10\" style=\"font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica; line-height: inherit; margin-block: 0px; margin-inline: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px 0px; border: none; border-radius: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block;\">Jupiter will be unusually bright and large during this time. Jupiter has always fascinated backward astronomers as well as scientists.&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Moreover, Jupiter might be in opposition that means it can rise within the jap sky because the Sun units within the west and make the biggest planet of our Solar System particularly seen within the night sky.</span></span><p></p><p><span class=\"dp-bl mg-t-10\" style=\"font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica; line-height: inherit; margin-block: 0px; margin-inline: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px 0px; border: none; border-radius: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Nasa Marshall Space Flight Center analysis astrophysicist Adam Kobelski mentioned in a press that&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">“Outside of the Moon, it should be one of the (if not the) brightest objects in the night sky,”.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Earth and Jupiter observe elliptical, somewhat than round orbits, and the gap at which they cross one another varies over time. On Monday, Jupiter will come inside 367 million miles of Earth, in comparison with the 600 million miles that separate the 2 worlds when Jupiter is on the furthest level alongside its orbit from Earth.</span></span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-bottom: var(--post-content-gaps); padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Public Sans&quot;, system-ui, sans-serif; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Although Jupiter comes into opposition as soon as each 13 months, the final time Jupiter was this near Earth was in 1963, based on a Nasa weblog. Jupiter passing this near Earth whereas in opposition is uncommon. People those are waiting to</span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">catch the intense and comparatively close by Jupiter can merely look to the jap horizon round sundown on the times main as much as 26 September, that date itself, and the times following, all of which enable for bare eye viewing of the planet.</span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-bottom: var(--post-content-gaps); padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Public Sans&quot;, system-ui, sans-serif; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-bottom: var(--post-content-gaps); padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Public Sans&quot;, system-ui, sans-serif; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Stargazer Can Also See&nbsp;</b></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">According to Adam Kobelski, a research astrophysicist at</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.newsbytesapp.com/news/world/national-aeronautics-and-space-administration\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; color: rgb(6, 72, 147); line-height: inherit; margin-block: 0px; margin-inline: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-color: rgb(6, 72, 147); border: none; border-radius: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); outline: none;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">NASA</span></a><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">\'s Marshall Spaceflight Center, stargazers with good binoculars will be able to see Jupiter\'s banding (at least the central band) and three or four of the Galilean satellites.</span></p><span class=\"dp-bl mg-t-10\" style=\"font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica; line-height: inherit; margin-block: 0px; margin-inline: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px 0px; border: none; border-radius: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); display: block;\">With a larger telescope, the planet\'s Great Red Spot and bands should be visible. For instance, a 4-inch-or-larger telescope with some filters in the green to blue range.</span>','2022-09-22 17:56:32.645143','uploads/news/jupiter.png',1,'Astronomy | Jupiter | Earth\r\n\r\nby IANS','Jupiter has fascinated both backyard astronomers and scientists for a long time. Many believe that the gas behemoth has answers to our questions about the formation of the solar system.\r\nWhen it makes its closest approach to Earth on September 26, it will be a good chance for all of us to witness it in detail. We never know when it will happen again.',6,117,'<p><a href=\"https://www.newsncr.com/technology/jupiter-will-make-its-closest-pass-to-earth-in-59-years-on-monday-2/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.newsncr.com/technology/jupiter-will-make-its-closest-pass-to-earth-in-59-years-on-monday-2/</a><br></p>'),(2332,'Nasa’s Juno Spacecraft captures Frosted Cupcake like clouds on Jupiter!','nasas-juno-spacecraft-captures-frosted-cupcake-like-clouds-on-jupiter','2022-10-02 16:48:07.663566','<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Citizen scientist Gerald Eichstad used NASA\'s first renders\r\nfrom JunoCam to create an intresting animation which shows us swirling clouds\r\non Jupiter&nbsp; that also resemble frosted\r\ncupcakes. He also used some data from JunoCam’s visible-light camera onboard\r\nthe Juno spacecraft, which has been orbiting the gas giant since 2016.&nbsp;</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-23/c4cb2ab1-dd11-44b4-8e9a-7349813f368e.png\" style=\"width: 100%; float: left;\" class=\"note-float-left\"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"> Photographs\r\nwere especially taken during JunoCam’s 43rd&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;close Jupiter flyby at a\r\nnominal height of 13;536.3 Km’s above the gas giant’s cloud tops. In the\r\n890-nanometer methane absorption band, the brighter cloud tops you perceive\r\ncorrespond to their higher height.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Jupiter frequently seems smooth and marble-like. These picture reveal that the ferocious clouds have peaks\r\nand valleys like a rocky mountain range. </span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Calibri Light&quot;, sans-serif; color: rgb(10, 10, 10); font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">Shadows in the upper atmosphere get the most intense\r\nsunlight, but as it descends, more and more of it is absorbed</span>.</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"> Jupiter\r\nhas 69,911 KM’s of radius and it is 11 times wider than Earth.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p></o:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif;\r\nmso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:\r\nmajor-latin;color:#0A0A0A\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica;\">According to research by Juno, some of these clouds reach\r\nas far as 3,000 kilometers &nbsp;that means\r\n1,900 miles into the globe, which is a greater distance than US’s northern\r\nand&nbsp; and southern boundaries.&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">NASA’s Juno scientists are currently working on a calibration that translates these brightness landscapes into actual models of physical cloud-top elevation models</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;\">.</span><b><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 16pt; font-family: &quot;IBM Plex Serif&quot;, serif; color: rgb(152, 152, 152);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px;\">The Juno mission provides us with an opportunity to observe Jupiter in a way which is essentially inaccessible by Earth-based telescopic observations. We can look at the same cloud features from very different angles within only a few minutes. This has opened up a new opportunity to derive 3D elevation models of Jupiter’s cloud-tops. The images of the wonderful chaotic storms on Jupiter seem to come to life, showing clouds rising at different altitudes,” said&nbsp;</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Gerald Eichstädt, Citizen Scientist at the Europlanet Science Congress (EPSC) 2022 in Granada</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px;\">.</span></b></font><span style=\"font-weight: bold; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 16pt; font-family: &quot;IBM Plex Serif&quot;, serif; color: rgb(152, 152, 152);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt;\"><br></span></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Impact;\">\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: Impact;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-09-23 18:08:13.566479','uploads/news/Juno_spacecraft.png',1,'TN Science Desk.','Citizen scientists, in collaboration with astronomers, used NASA\'s Juno spacecraft to create the first 3D renders of \'frosted cupcake\' clouds on Jupiter. NASA spacecraft captures its first \'frosted cupcake\' clouds on Jupiter',6,117,'<p><a href=\"https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-render-junocam-frosted-cupcake-clouds-jupiter/#:~:text=Citizen%20scientist%20and%20software%20developer%20Gerald%20Eichst%C3%A4d%20used,has%20been%20orbiting%20the%20gas%20giant%20since%202016.\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-render-junocam-frosted-cupcake-clouds-jupiter/#:~:text=Citizen%20scientist%20and%20software%20developer%20Gerald%20Eichst%C3%A4d%20used,has%20been%20orbiting%20the%20gas%20giant%20since%202016.</a><br></p>'),(2333,'Human microbes feed on plant sugars','human-microbes-feed-plant-sugars','2022-10-02 16:35:03.165723','<p><b><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: Arial;\">New research suggests that the carbohydrate found attached to the plant protein acts as a food source for bacteria in our gut.&nbsp;</span></b></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">A&nbsp; paper published in the&nbsp;</span><span style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</b></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;describes how species of gut microbes use plant N-glycans, a type of complex carbohydrate, as nutrients.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial;\">There was research was led by researchers from the University of&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Birmingham and Newcastle University. They made use of genomic data for the identification of specific enzymes produced by gut bacteria to break down complex carbohydrate structures.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Information about enzymes will help researchers to understand gut health in a better way. The enzymes that are produced by the gut microbiome have several biotechnological advantages such as reducing allergic responses to food and medicines. As per the suggestion of researchers, these enzymes can be used to make some food and medicines which will less likely to have allergic reactions as the&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">plant sugars that the gut microbes feed on are associated with some allergies from pollen and plant-based foods.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-02/64e56fbf-2f57-4106-997b-d142f0fb88e6.webp\" style=\"width: 387.687px; height: 218.234px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">According to Dr. Lucy Crouch, the gut microbiome is an important feature of human health. The researcher further adds that this finding will enable a better understanding of the microbiome. By identifying the enzymes that are used by these microbes to digest food, future diets can be developed which will promote a healthy gut and this will improve general health.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The study also shows one unexpected outcome. The insect\'s N-glycans are targeted by some of the enzymes. Thus in near future, when we will rely on alternative sources of protein such as insects, this study shows that insect proteins may also provide nutrients for the gut microbes.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Dr. David Bolam, co-lead author of the study from Newcastle University said: \"We are still learning the role our gut plays in our overall health and so learning how microbes in our gut can use plant N-glycans is vital. This has developed our knowledge both in terms of understanding how these sugars are broken down by the microbiota, but also to discover new enzymes that could be used to alter and analyze N-glycan structures for medical and industrial applications.\"</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">.</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-09-23 19:58:00.728392','uploads/news/microbe.webp',1,'University of Birmingham.','A new research suggests that the carbohydrate found attached to the plant protein acts as a food source for bacteria in our gut.',5,4,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Lucy I. Crouch, Paulina A. Urbanowicz, Arnaud Baslé, Zhi-Peng Cai, Li Liu, Josef Voglmeir, Javier M. Melo Diaz, Samuel T. Benedict, Daniel I. R. Spencer, David N. Bolam.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Plant N -glycan breakdown by human gut Bacteroides</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em>, 2022; 119 (39) DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208168119\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1073/pnas.2208168119</a></li></ol>'),(2334,'How does air pollution affect where you live?','how-does-air-pollution-affect-where-you-live','2022-10-02 16:55:07.170127','<ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 24px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\"><b>What is Air Pollution?</b></span></li></ul><p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">﻿&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"> It is the presence of toxic chemicals or components(including biological origin) in the air,&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, &quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;at levels that pose a health risk. Air pollution contains tiny solid particles and liquid droplets which are known as aerosols.</span>&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">They are predominantly emitted by industrial factories, vehicle exhausts, and power plants and impact human health and agricultural and economic productivity uniquely worldwide compared to carbon dioxide (CO</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">) emissions. </span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">The co-lead author of the study and an assistant professor at the Austin Jackson School of Geoscience explained that&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Muli; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">“Carbon dioxide has the same impact on climate no matter who emits it. But these aerosols tend to stay concentrated near where they’re emitted, so the effect they have on the climate system is very patchy and very dependent on where they’re coming from.”</span></p><p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-26/59d01d0f-8d73-4ed7-900c-356ad52b41fa.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">﻿</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><ul><li style=\"font-family: Rubik; font-weight: 600; margin: 30px auto 20px; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">New research suggests that the impacts of air pollution differ drastically depending on the location where the pollutants are emitted.</font></span></li></ul><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The University of Texas at Austin and also the University of&nbsp; California&nbsp; San Diego-has discovered&nbsp; how significantly air pollution affects human health as well as economies and agriculture varies substantially based on their region.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><div class=\"ttl\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, &quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\"><div class=\"ttl-l fw-xl\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 506.35px;\"><div class=\"compText \" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span class=\" cur-p c-black fz-15 lh-17 va-top\" style=\"vertical-align: top; cursor: pointer; line-height: 17px; font-size: 24px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\"><b>How does air pollution affect our health?</b></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"exp\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, &quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;\"><div class=\"compTextList\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><ul style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: outside none;\"><li class=\"va-top mb-8 fz-m\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.25; vertical-align: top; overflow: auto;\"><div class=\" lh-22 d-b \" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span></div><div class=\" lh-22 d-b \" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 22px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;Conclusion: Research on&nbsp;Health Effects from&nbsp;Air Pollution&nbsp;Decades&nbsp;of research&nbsp;have shown&nbsp;that air pollutants&nbsp;such as ozone and particulate matter (PM) increase&nbsp;the&nbsp;amount and seriousness&nbsp;of&nbsp;lung and heart disease and other health problems.</span></div></li></ul></div></div><div><span style=\"font-family: Muli; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></div><p><br></p>','2022-09-26 17:42:07.959328','uploads/news/air_pollution.png',1,'Innovation News Network !','Environmental Pollution already Causes More Deaths than Smoking. A scientific study found that environmental pollution doubles the estimated figures and kills an average of 8.8 million people per year. It also decreases people’s lives by two years.',6,5,'<p><a href=\"https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/how-does-air-pollution-affect-where-you-live/25677/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/how-does-air-pollution-affect-where-you-live/25677/</a><br></p>'),(2335,'New development of wireless,  battery-free, underwater camera','new-development-wireless-battery-free-underwater-camera','2022-10-02 16:34:28.025539','<p><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: Arial;\">Engineers have built a battery-free, wireless, underwater camera</span>.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-26/6e0cf97c-3c9b-4065-8ed0-e92db97da18e.webp\" style=\"width: 358.188px; height: 240.679px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">It has always been fascinating for everyone to learn about the underwater world. But studying the same has been a very critical task for researchers. According to the estimation, more than 95 percent of Earth\'s oceans have never been observed. The high cost and requirement of power had made it very challenging for underwater observations. But now the researchers at MIT have taken a huge step toward this by developing a wireless, battery-free underwater camera that is 10,000 times more efficient than other underwater cameras. It can also capture images in dark underwater areas.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">This particular camera is powered by sound. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communication parts. It uses sound waves to transfer data to a receiver. It doesn\'t require any power source, it can run for weeks. It can also be used for monitoring overall ocean pollution by capturing images.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The camera can run continuously for many weeks even with no power supply. This would enable researchers to study more about unexplored regions and carry out discoveries.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">According to the researchers, one of the most exciting applications of this camera is that it can also be used for climate monitoring. It could help in building more accurate climate models and understanding how climate change affects the underwater world.</span></p><p><br></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-26/51177fb1-b884-4635-8872-3c349a718e28.jpg\" style=\"width: 344.406px; height: 229.379px;\"><br></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">This camera acquires energy through transducers. These transducers are made from piezoelectric materials that are placed on the exterior. They produce an electric signal when a mechanical force is applied to them. Whenever a sound wave traveling through the water hits the transducers, they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">When the camera captures an image, a red LED shines and then uses image sensors to take the photo. This same is the procedure with green and blue LEDs. Even though at this stage the image looks black and white but at the post-processing stage the image can be reconstructed.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Once the image data is captured it is encoded as bits. Then one bit is sent to a receiver at a time using the process called underwater backscatter.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The researchers have tested this camera under various water conditions. They have also captured many images as such of African Starfish. They have successfully transmitted data that is 40 meters range away from the receiver.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">This is a great innovation in terms of research in the underwater world.</span></p>','2022-09-26 19:12:15.583703','uploads/news/camera.jpg',1,'Massachusetts Institute of Technology.','Engineers have built a battery-free, wireless, underwater camera. This is a great innovation in terms of research in the underwater world.',5,134,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Sayed Saad Afzal, Waleed Akbar, Osvy Rodriguez, Mario Doumet, Unsoo Ha, Reza Ghaffarivardavagh, Fadel Adib.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Battery-free wireless imaging of underwater environments</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Nature Communications</em>, 2022; 13 (1) DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33223-x\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1038/s41467-022-33223-x</a></li></ol>'),(2336,'Stargazers capture Jupiter, its 4 moons in rare closest date with Earth','stargazers-capture-jupiter-its-4-moons-rare-closest-date-earth','2022-10-02 16:46:54.610787','<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Stargazers across the world were left mesmerized when they caught the closest glimpse of the giant gas planet with its four moons......some of them lucky souls saw it with just binoculars.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;People took to twitter with its images and videos by saying</span>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><b>\"After staying up all night shooting it, here is my shot of Jupiter at \'Opposition\'. This is the closest it has been to Earth in 59 years,\"</b> <span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">tweeted Andrew McCarthy, a stargazer from Arizona state in the US.</span></span></p><p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-27/17fb0fee-3c11-4d3d-bec5-fa8f014c3e0d.png\" style=\"width: 50%; float: left;\" class=\"note-float-left\"><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></span></p><p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-27/b6fdea4a-78bb-4c3a-ad27-af7e3b5aa9d4.png\" style=\"width: 50%; float: left;\" class=\"note-float-left\"><br></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;They captured Jupiter along with its four largest moons --</span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\">&nbsp;Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, called the Galilean satellites. Some people took the shots of&nbsp; Jupiter by using smartphones with high-end cameras, and some with large telescope that was able to see the great red spot.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Faustina, serif; font-size: 20px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Jupiter\'s opposition occurs every 13 months, making the planet appear larger as well as brighter than any other time of the earth.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\">Jupiter\'s closest approach to the Earth rarely coincides with opposition, which means this year\'s views were extraordinary.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\">At its closest approach, Jupiter was approximately 365 million miles in distance from Earth.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The planet is approximately 600 miles away from Earth and its the farthest point. Jupiter also has 53 named moons, but scientists believe that 79 have been detected in total.</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 20px;\">Scientists believe studying Jupiter can lead to breakthrough discoveries about the formation of the solar system.</span></p><p style=\"border: 0px none; list-style: outside none none; margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 85px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;\"><br></p>','2022-09-27 16:07:46.157169','uploads/news/content.png',1,'By IANS','Stargazers across the world were left mesmerized when they caught the closest glimpse of the giant gas planet with its four moons -- some lucky souls saw it.....',6,1,'<p><a href=\"https://www.ibtimes.co.in/stargazers-capture-jupiter-its-4-moons-rare-closest-date-earth-59-years-852641\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibtimes.co.in/stargazers-capture-jupiter-its-4-moons-rare-closest-date-earth-59-years-852641</a><br></p>'),(2337,'Role of DHA and ALA omega-3 fatty acids in the brain development','role-dha-and-ala-omega-3-fatty-acids-brain-development','2022-10-02 16:34:41.657623','<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial;\">A new study suggests -&nbsp; Omega-3 fatty acids i.e. DHA is generally associated with a greater capacity for selective and sustained attention in adolescents while ALA is associated with lower impulsivity.</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>What are Omega-3 fatty acids?</b></span><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The omega-3 fatty acids are types of fat known as essential fats. There are three types f omega-3 fatty acids:</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">1. Docosahexenoic acid(DHA)</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">2. Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">3. Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>&nbsp;What are DHA and ALA?</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b><br></b></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-29/231333c5-e696-4232-8641-be67076a69f9.webp\" style=\"width: 381px; height: 252.023px;\"><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Docosahexenoic acid(DHA) </span></b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">plays a vital role in the development of eye and nerve tissues. It also decreases the risks of heart disease by decreasing the thickness of blood and reducing swelling. It is also used for increasing memory skills and helps in overall child development.</span></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Sources of DHA:</b></span></p><ul><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Fish</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Salmon</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Chia seed</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Sardine</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Flax seed</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Fish oil</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Tuna</span></li></ul><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><br></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-29/404a5845-477d-4a53-8691-126f1e0fdc76.webp\" style=\"width: 302px; height: 241.6px;\"></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)&nbsp;</span></b><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"> is essential for normal human growth and development. It reduces heart disease by maintaining normal pumping. It may also help in reducing blood clots.</span></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Sources of ALA:</b></span></p><ul><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Walnuts</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Spinach</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Tofu</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Brussel sprouts</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Avocado</span></li><li><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Peanut</span></li></ul><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial;\">&nbsp;There was previous research that proved the</span><b style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"> health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids</span></b><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">. The health benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids are:</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">1. Heart health</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">2. Mental health</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">3. Eye health</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">4. Infant development</span></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>About research:</b></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">In adolescence, many developments and changes occur in the brain. Overall human development is directly related to the brain. These changes generally play an important role in controlling attention and behavior. Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids are considered important for the proper development of the brain. DHA is the most abundant fatty acid in the prefrontal area of the brain.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The study was conducted to validate how DHA and ALA play an important role in increasing attention. For this purpose, a group of 332 adolescents from different schools in Barcelona underwent computerized tests that measured their reactions in terms of their attention period and whether they can pay sustainable attention, and their impulse behavior. The adolescent participants also answered a series of questions based on their diets. Also, their blood samples were tested to measure their red blood cell levels of DHA and ALA.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The results show that higher levels of DHA are associated with greater selective and sustained attention whereas ALA was not associated with attention but was associated with low impulsivity. Researcher Julvez said that the study indicates that dietary DHA plays a role in various attention-requiring tasks. But further studies are needed to confirm its cause and effect.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">This study adds to the study which proved the benefits of consuming fatty fish during brain development as it is the main source of DHA.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br></p><div><br></div>','2022-09-29 10:47:05.110944','uploads/news/omega.webp',1,'Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal).','A new study suggests -  Omega-3 fatty acids i.e. DHA is generally associated with a greater capacity for selective and sustained attention in adolescents while ALA is associated with lower impulsivity.',5,8,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Ariadna Pinar-Martí, Silvia Fernández-Barrés, Florence Gignac, Cecilia Persavento, Anna Delgado, Dora Romaguera, Iolanda Lázaro, Emilio Ros, Mònica López-Vicente, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Aleix Sala-Vila, Jordi Júlvez.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry</em>, 2022; DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02064-w\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1007/s00787-022-02064-w</a></li></ol>'),(2338,'New technology is being developed to Protect Astronauts From Radiation in Deep Space','new-technology-being-developed-protect-astronauts-radiation-deep-space','2022-10-02 16:50:07.369918','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">So...What’s Being Done to Protect Astronauts From\r\nRadiation in Deep Space?</font></span></b><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In 1982,<b>&nbsp;author James Michener&nbsp;</b>published\r\nhis sprawling Space Race novel, Space. In it, he describes a fictional Apollo\r\n18 mission to the Moon. While the astronauts are on the surface, the Sun\r\nunleashes a huge storm, trapping them outside of their protective capsule. The\r\ntwo men get blasted by lethal amounts of radiation before they can get to\r\nsafety.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;They manage to make it back to their lander\r\nbut are so sick that they can’t fly back to rejoin their third crewmate in the\r\norbiting lunar command module. They end up crashing back to the surface and\r\ndying. As grisly as this sounds, a radiation event like the one in Space poses\r\na very real challenge to space explorers. And, it’s this sort of scenario that\r\nlunar mission planners want to avoid. Today, they’re working on ways to\r\nmitigate exposure, and, if astronauts do get a dose of radiation, finding\r\nmedical methods to treat them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">Space Weather and Radiation</font></span></b><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solar outbursts send energetic particles our way via the solar wind\r\nevery day. They cause space weather, which interferes with communications\r\nsystems between Earth and the many missions in space (including ISS). It can\r\nalso seriously disrupt systems here on Earth. Space weather (and the solar\r\nstorms that cause it) intensify when the Sun is more active, during a period\r\ncalled the solar maximum.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A massive coronal hole like the one\r\ncentered on the Sun on Friday, September 2, can erupt with extremely energetic\r\nproton streams. Radiation from the particles poses a threat to humans in space\r\nand spurs strong space weather events that can disrupt communications and other\r\ntechnology. Courtesy: NASA/SDO.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It’s worth remembering that there has been at least\r\none “close call” with lunar explorers and potential solar activity. In 1972,\r\nsolar storms blasted out past Earth and the Moon. They disrupted satellite\r\ncommunications as well as ground-based communications systems on Earth.\r\nLuckily, no Apollo missions were impacted, although the storms occurred between\r\nthe Apollo 16 and 17 missions. Had they burst out during those missions, things\r\nwould have gone badly for the astronauts, who would have been sitting ducks\r\neither on their way to the Moon or while on the surface.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">Artemis 1’s Radiation Studies</font></span></b><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=\"disc\">\r\n <li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif;\r\n     mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN\">Fortunately,\r\n     there is a mission to study the radiation environment beyond Earth:\r\n     Artemis 1. It’s important during this time as we head into solar maximum.\r\n     When it flies, radiation and medical research will be a major focus of that\r\n     mission.<o:p></o:p></span></li>\r\n <li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif;\r\n     mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN\">The\r\n     Orion capsule has radiation monitors from NASA and ESA on board, along\r\n     with specialized test mannequins. There are also CubeSats with experiments\r\n     (such as genetically modified yeast that stands in for human reactions to\r\n     radiation). These were all designed to study the radiation environment\r\n     astronauts will face on the way to the Moon.<o:p></o:p></span></li>\r\n <li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif;\r\n     mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN\">Orion\r\n     has radiation shielding, of course, to protect humans and technology.\r\n     Future craft such as SpaceX’s Human Landing System will be well-shielded\r\n     to protect astronauts on their way to the Moon and back to the planned\r\n     Lunar Gateway.<o:p></o:p></span></li>\r\n <li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif;\r\n     mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN\">In\r\n     the event of a very severe storm, astronauts could hide in onboard\r\n     shelters until it’s safe. That’s what ISS crews did when the Sun let loose\r\n     a particularly fierce outburst in September 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></li>\r\n</ul><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-29/c27ad0d1-e03a-45ee-b0f7-17f96ca2b73d.jpg\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; For its\r\npart, ESA is working on the European Radiation Sensor Array (ERSA) project.\r\nThat’s a series of sensors to give real-time radiation monitoring on board the\r\nfuture crewed lunar Gateway space station. The idea is to get measurements from\r\nboth inside and outside of crew capsules and habitats to understand radiation\r\nrisks and leaks. It’s also possible to include radiation sensors on uncrewed\r\nlunar orbiters such as Lunar Pathfinder. Another possibility is to put sensors\r\non future lunar telecommunication satellites.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><font color=\"#000000\" style=\"\">Predicting Solar Activity&nbsp;</font></span></b><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">In addition to shielding our astronauts and lunar explorers, it’s\r\nimportant to explore the radiation environment between Earth and the Moon as\r\nArtemis will do. But, we need more information about the solar outbursts\r\nthemselves. While astronomers know a lot about solar activity, we still need a\r\nsolid “early warning system” for solar storms. It could help alert astronauts\r\nand lunar explorers in time to take safety measures.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;That’s the goal of space weather researchers around the\r\nworld. Early observation of active regions on the solar disk occur is a major\r\ngoal of ESA’s 2029 Vigil mission. It will give warnings for potentially\r\nhazardous space weather events that could endanger astronauts and explorers.\r\nOther missions, such as SOHO, STEREO, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the\r\nParker Solar Probe, provide valuable long-term data about the Sun’s activity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br>\r\n<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br>\r\n<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=\"disc\">\r\n <li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif;\r\n     mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN\">&nbsp;\r\n     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<b>&nbsp;Aurorae were observed by ESA\r\n     astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti aboard the International Space Station\r\n     for her Minerva Mission. She shared these images on her social media on 21\r\n     August 2022 with the caption: \"The Sun has been active lately. Last\r\n     week we saw the most stunning auroras I have ever experienced in over 300\r\n     days in space!\"</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>\r\n</ul><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>','2022-09-29 11:42:26.348572','uploads/news/th_1.jfif',1,'Carolyn Collins Petersen, Universe','For astronauts in space, the best protection is to be behind protective walls in their capsules and habitats. But, if it turns out that people on a mission are exposed to radiation, medical procedures to help astronauts recover are important to have.',6,1,'<p><a href=\"https://phys.org/news/2022-09-astronauts-deep-space.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://phys.org/news/2022-09-astronauts-deep-space.html</a><br></p>'),(2339,'Hackers exploit NASA’s famous deep space image to attack computers','hackers-exploit-nasas-famous-deep-space-image-to-attack-computers','2022-10-01 06:39:13.464327','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Hackers are\r\nexploiting a hugely popular deep space image</b></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; \"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b><br></b>Cyber-security has identified this\r\nunique attack.</span></span></p><h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-29/06e5ff31-2825-490e-b9cf-8edbb2e5a233.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"></h6><h2 class=\"entry-sub-title\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: -5px 0px 15px; list-style: none; border: 0px; outline: none; line-height: 27px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><b>A newly-discovered hacking campaign is exploiting an image from the James Webb Telescope to infect targets with malware.</b></h2><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">A newly discovered hacking campaign is\r\nexploiting an image that is from the James Webb Telescope to infect some targets\r\nby using malware.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">James Webb produced the deepest and\r\nsharpest infrared image in the month of July which was of the most distant\r\nuniverse to date, known as the “First Deep Field”. </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Now, the Securonix Threat research team\r\nhas identified a persistent Golang-based attack campaign, that incorporates an\r\nequally to interesting strategy by leveraging the deep field image taken from\r\nthe James Webb and obfuscated Golang (or go) programming language payloads to\r\ninfect the target system with the malware.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Golang-based malware is based on the rise\r\ngaining popularity with Apt hacking groups such as Mustang Panda. And Go is an\r\nopen-source programming language developed in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob\r\nPike, and&nbsp; Ken Thompson at Google.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Initially, the infection begins with a\r\nphishing email containing a Microsoft Office attachment. The document includes an\r\nexternal reference hidden inside the document’s metadata which downloads a\r\nmalicious template file, conclusion by research.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(44, 47, 52);\">When the document is opened, the malicious template\r\nfile is downloaded and saved on the system.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(44, 47, 52); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt;\">Finally, the script downloads a JPEG image that\r\nshows the James Webb Telescope deep field image.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;\r\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:\r\nminor-latin;color:#2C2F34\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Helvetica;\">This\r\nimage file is quite interesting. It executes as a standard jpg image as seen in\r\nthe image below. However, these things get interesting when inspected with a\r\ntext editor, This is all explained by researchers.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 15pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Helvetica;\">The\r\ngenerated file is a&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; outline: none 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transition: all 300ms ease 0s; list-style-position: outside; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: Helvetica; background-color: transparent;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Windows</font></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;64-bit\r\nexecutable which is a large size, at around 1.7 MB.</span><span style=\"font-size: 29.3333px; font-family: Helvetica;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt;\">Securonix\r\nrecommended that users avoid downloading unknown email attachments from\r\nnon-trusted sources and prevent&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transition: all 300ms ease 0s; list-style-position: outside; color: rgb(38, 187, 219); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;\">Microsoft Office&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18pt;\">products\r\nfrom using the company\'s security recommendations.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;\r\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:\r\nminor-latin;color:#2C2F34\">&nbsp;</span></p><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22.0pt;line-height:107%;mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nCalibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-09-29 14:16:59.460531','uploads/news/hacker-1944688_960_720.webp',1,'IANS','A newly-discovered hacking campaign is exploiting an image from the James Webb Telescope to infect targets with malware.',6,168,'<p><a href=\"https://www.ibtimes.co.in/beware-hackers-prowl-using-nasas-famous-deep-space-image-attack-computers-851918\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibtimes.co.in/beware-hackers-prowl-using-nasas-famous-deep-space-image-attack-computers-851918</a><br></p>'),(2340,'Dogs can smell stress','dogs-can-smell-stress','2022-10-01 06:01:53.112345','<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><b>Our body smells when it is stressed and dogs can sniff it.</b></span></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">When we humans are stressed our body experiences many phycological changes. It releases many chemicals into our bloodstream. These chemicals show the stress in our bodies.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">We are aware of the qualities of dogs. Dogs are super-sniffers. But the new research reveals how dogs can identify whether humans are in stressful situations by smelling the odors. Besides giving us a deeper understanding of the relationship between dogs and their owners, this research can be used for the improvement of training in dogs that are involved in support for anxiety, panic attacks, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-30/2d131349-fb5d-44c7-8c97-16d43d5dcf86.jpg\" style=\"width: 358.781px; height: 239.188px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">\"The findings show that we, as humans, produce different smells through our sweat and breath when we are stressed, and dogs can tell this apart from our smell when relaxed – even if it is someone they do not know,\" says animal behavior researcher Clara Wilson from Queen\'s University Belfast in the UK. \"The research highlights that dogs do not need visual or audio cues to pick up on human stress\".</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">This study involved four dogs -&nbsp; Treo, Fingal, Soot, and Winnie – and 36 people. There were a total of 720 smell tests carried out. The human participants were asked to complete a difficult math problem and self-report their stress levels at the same time. The dogs were trained to alert researchers to the correct sample Due to the difficult problem, the heart rate, and blood pressure were increased. Then the samples of sweat and breath were taken.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">The dogs were then presented with these samples to see if the canines could alert researchers to the stress samples. The relaxed samples were taken four minutes before the task began. In 94 percent of the 720 trials, the dogs were able to correctly alert researchers to the stressed sample. It seems that dogs can pick up the chemical changes introduced due to stress.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-30/e3ba2974-d210-4ca4-9d5f-adf2ad89a4ad.webp\" style=\"width: 161px; height: 241.145px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">One of the dog who actively participated in the study was a two-year-old Cocker Spaniel named Treo. Helen Parks, Treo\'s owner says \"The study made us more aware of a dog\'s ability to use their nose to \'see\' the world. We believe this study really developed Treo\'s ability to sense a change in emotion at home\".</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">\"This is the first study of its kind, and it provides evidence that dogs can smell stress from breath and sweat alone, which could be useful when training service dogs and therapy dogs,\" says Wilson. \"It also helps to shed more light on the human-dog relationship and adds to our understanding of how dogs may interpret and interact with human psychological states.\"</span></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\">Earlier studies have proved that dogs can detect our emotions of happiness and fear through the smell we give off by sniffing. This research ties in with the earlier research by connecting more data to it. Also, we can add this to the long list of subtle shifts in humans that dogs can smell, even when visible signs aren\'t present. For example, we can remember that canines have previously been used to sniff out COVID-19 infections.</span></p>','2022-09-30 14:05:18.796528','uploads/news/dog2.webp',1,'Queen\'s University Belfast.','Our body smells when it is stressed and dogs can sniff it. The new research reveals how dogs can identify whether humans are in stressful situations by smelling the odors.',5,10,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Clara Wilson, Kerry Campbell, Zachary Petzel, Catherine Reeve.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Dogs can discriminate between human baseline and psychological stress condition odours</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">PLOS ONE</em>, 2022; 17 (9): e0274143 DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274143\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1371/journal.pone.0274143</a></li></ol>'),(2341,'Has the pandemic changed our personalities?','has-pandemic-changed-our-personalities','2022-10-02 16:39:57.477068','<p><span style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 38px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; left: -12px; position: relative; z-index: 10; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Has the pandemic changed our personalities?</span> <span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><b>New research suggests we’re less open, agreeable and&nbsp;conscientious!</b></span></span></p><p><span style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 38px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; left: -12px; position: relative; z-index: 10; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><b><br></b></span></span><span style=\"background: transparent; --tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; border: 0px; font-size: 38px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; left: -12px; position: relative; z-index: 10; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><b>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</b></span></span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">For many of us, some personality traits</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5144810/\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;\">stay the same</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">throughout our lives while others</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16248708/\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;\">change  gradually</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">. However, some evidence shows that</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042633/\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;\">significant events</a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 18px;\">in our personal lives which induce severe stress or trauma can be associated with more rapid changes in our personalities.</span></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A&nbsp;<a href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274542\" style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;\">new study</a>, published in PLOS ONE, suggests the COVID pandemic has indeed triggered much greater shifts in personality than we would expect to have seen naturally over this period. In particular, the researchers found that people were less extroverted, less open, less agreeable and less conscientious in 2021 and 2022 compared with before the pandemic.</p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; S<a href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274542\" style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;\">tudy</a>&nbsp;included more than 7,000 participants from the US, aged between 18 and 109, who were assessed before the pandemic (from 2014 onwards), early in the pandemic in 2020, and then later in the pandemic in 2021 or 2022. At each time point, participants completed the “<a href=\"https://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/Personality-BigFiveInventory.pdf\" style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; color: rgb(75, 75, 78); outline: none; text-decoration-line: underline; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Big Five Inventory</a>”. This assessment tool measures personality on a scale across five dimensions.</p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; researchers found significant declines in extroversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness in 2021/2022 compared with before the pandemic. And the interesting fact is that younger adult\'s personality changes most.</p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-09-30/6af562ba-4f70-42ba-8a8a-cbb2f898c220.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><br></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><b>Personality and well being:</b></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><b>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</b><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">Many of us became more health-conscious during the pandemic, for example by eating better and doing more exercise. A lot of us sought whatever social connections we could find virtually, and tried to refocus our attention on psychological, emotional and intellectual growth</span></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">If we look more closely, the pandemic appears to have negatively affected this&nbsp; areas: -- <b>our ability to express sympathy and kindness towards others </b>(agreeableness); -- <b>our capacity to be open to new concepts and willing to engage in novel situations</b> (openness); -- <b>our tendency to seek out and enjoy other people\'s company</b> (extraversion); -- <b>our desire to strive towards our goals, do tasks well or take</b> responsibilities towards others seriously (conscientiousness).</span></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">All of these traits influence our interaction with the environment around us, and as such, may have played a role in our wellbeing decline</span></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><b>So what\'s next:</b></span></p><ul><li style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">participants in study recorded the changes in the opposite direction to the usual trajectory of personality change. </span></li><li style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">This is understandable given that we faced an extended period of difficulties, including constraints on our freedoms, lost income and illness. All these experiences have evidently changed us – and our personalities.</span></li><li style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp;It&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">might be like.... to take the time to reflect on your experiences over the past few years, and how these personality changes may have affected you.&nbsp;</span></li><li style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">Any changes may well have protected you during the height of the&nbsp;</span><strong style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"><a href=\"https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/even-after-covid-19-lockdowns-eased-pandemic-depression-persisted-across-social-classes-new-study-mental-health-7840354/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-t=\"{&quot;n&quot;:&quot;destination&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:13,&quot;b&quot;:1,&quot;c.t&quot;:7}\" tabindex=\"0\" hasenterkeydown=\"1\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 120, 212);\">pandemic</a></strong><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\">.</span></li><li style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x:0; --tw-border-spacing-y:0; --tw-translate-x:0; --tw-translate-y:0; --tw-rotate:0; --tw-skew-x:0; --tw-skew-y:0; --tw-scale-x:1; --tw-scale-y:1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width:0px; --tw-ring-offset-color:#fff; --tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow:0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Libre Baskerville&quot;, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif; font-size: 17px;\"> However, it\'s worth asking yourself how useful these changes are now that the acute phase of the pandemic is behind us. Do they still serve you well, or could you try to rethink your perspective?</span></li></ul>','2022-09-30 15:29:41.806532','uploads/news/th.jfif',1,'IANS','New research suggests we’re less open, agreeable and conscientious.  For many of us, some personality traits stay the same throughout our lives while others change  gradually. However, some evidence shows that significant events in our personal lives which induce severe stress or trauma can be associated with more rapid changes in our personalities.',6,168,'<p><a href=\"https://www.msn.com/en-in/health/health-news/has-the-pandemic-changed-our-personalities-new-research-suggests-were-less-open-agreeable-and-conscientious/ar-AA12oKz9\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.msn.com/en-in/health/health-news/has-the-pandemic-changed-our-personalities-new-research-suggests-were-less-open-agreeable-and-conscientious/ar-AA12oKz9</a><a href=\"https://www.msn.com/en-in/health/health-news/has-the-pandemic-changed-our-personalities-new-research-suggests-were-less-open-agreeable-and-conscientious/ar-AA12oKz9\" target=\"_blank\"></a></p><p><br><br></p>'),(2342,'3 ways how climate change is affecting your child\'s health','3-ways-climate-change-affecting-your-childs-health','2022-10-02 14:07:46.689809','<p align=\"justify\"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\r\n 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authorities\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"macro\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"toa heading\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Bullet\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Number\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Bullet 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Bullet 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Bullet 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Bullet 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Number 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Number 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Number 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Number 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"10\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Title\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Closing\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Signature\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\r\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Default Paragraph Font\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Continue\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Continue 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Continue 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Continue 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Continue 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Message Header\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"11\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtitle\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Salutation\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Date\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text First Indent\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text First Indent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Note Heading\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Body Text Indent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Block Text\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Hyperlink\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"FollowedHyperlink\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"22\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Strong\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"20\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Emphasis\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Document Map\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Plain Text\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"E-mail Signature\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Top of Form\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Bottom of Form\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Normal (Web)\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Acronym\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Address\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Cite\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Code\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Definition\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Keyboard\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Preformatted\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Sample\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Typewriter\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"HTML Variable\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Normal Table\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"annotation subject\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"No List\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Outline List 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Outline List 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Outline List 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Simple 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Simple 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Simple 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Classic 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Classic 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Classic 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Classic 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Columns 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Columns 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Columns 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Columns 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Columns 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 7\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 8\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 7\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 8\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Contemporary\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Elegant\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Professional\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Balloon Text\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"Table Grid\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Theme\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Paragraph\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Intense Quote\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Mention\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Smart Hyperlink\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Hashtag\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Unresolved Mention\"/>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Smart Link\"/>\r\n </w:LatentStyles>\r\n</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>\r\n<style>\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n	{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n	mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n	mso-style-priority:99;\r\n	mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\r\n	mso-para-margin-top:0cm;\r\n	mso-para-margin-right:0cm;\r\n	mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\r\n	mso-para-margin-left:0cm;\r\n	line-height:107%;\r\n	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n	font-size:11.0pt;\r\n	font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;\r\n	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\r\n	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\r\n	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\r\n	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\r\n	mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\r\n	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;\r\n	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\r\n</style>\r\n<![endif]-->\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Climate change, according to a United Nations report, refers\r\nto long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Post the 1800s human activities like burning of fossil fuels\r\nlike coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. have been primarily responsible for\r\naggravating climate change. This is because these activities release greenhouse\r\ngases like CO2 or Methane with traps the sun\'s heat, resulting in increased\r\ntemperatures.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Climate change can have various consequences like floods,\r\ndroughts, melting of glaciers, forest fires etc. Some groups of individuals are\r\nmore vulnerable than the others.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\">New research reveals a link between climate change\r\nand children\'s health. Children may be an especially sensitive demographic due\r\nto their developing physiology and projected long-term exposure.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\">There are various ways in which climate change is\r\naffecting children and they are as follows</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;\r\ntext-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\"><b><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nCalibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin\"><span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\">1.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b>Respiratory\r\nproblems</b></p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;\r\ntext-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\"><b><br></b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">In the\r\npast 15 years respiratory diseases like asthma have doubled in number, with\r\nyoung kids being the most affected. According to the World Health Organization,\r\nover 5 million children die each year as a result of respiratory issues.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">This is\r\nbecause children breath more rapidly than adults and tend to play outside more,\r\nleading to higher exposure to pollutants. More physical activity in kids\r\nresults in breathing through mouth rather than the nose. Which doesn’t filter\r\nout any pollutants and goes straight to their lungs. As their respiratory\r\norgans are still developing the damage could be long-term.</p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\"><br></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\"><b><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nCalibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin\"><span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\">2.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b>Higher\r\nrisk of infectious diseases </b></p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\"><b><br></b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Rise in\r\ntemperatures, change in rain patterns and climate variability may result in\r\nincrease in cases vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, Lyme disease etc.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">The\r\nyoung population are more prone to face mutated pathogens.<span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\"> </span>According\r\nto research, rising global temperatures will expand the geographical range and\r\ntransmission rates of vector-borne illness.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Young\r\nchildren once infected by these infectious diseases experience more severe as\r\ncompared to adults. This issue is more persistent in African countries and\r\ntropical Asian countries.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;mso-layout-grid-align:\r\nnone;text-autospace:none\"><b><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:\r\nCalibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin\"><span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\">3.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b>Malnutrition\r\nand stunned growth</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Climate\r\nchange is expected to affect an estimated 40 to 300 million people by 2060,\r\naccording to projections. In the near future a majority of the hungry\r\npopulation would consist of children below the age of fifteen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Climate\r\nchange adversely affects the agriculture. High evaporation strips the soil of\r\nits moisture, constant flooding and heavy rainfall leads to soil erosion and\r\nfurther affects the food security for the population.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Studies\r\nshow that because of climate change the food produced today lacks in vitamins\r\nand minerals which are vital for growth and development.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">The\r\ndeficiency of these nutrients could lead to various diseases like scurvy, night\r\nblindness, goiter etc.<span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">It\r\ncould stun the growth of young children and in extreme cases can lead to\r\nmalnutrition. Many developing economies are affected by this problem. </p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\"><b>Conclusion</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:\r\nauto;line-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">More\r\nresearch should be conducted in the field of climate change affecting the\r\nyounger population. For parents and caregivers it is important to make sure\r\nthat their children consume a balanced diet, learn about the local air quality\r\nand regulate the children’s outdoor activities.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;\r\nline-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\">Further\r\nright policies should be formed to protect children and young adults from the\r\nimpacts of climate change.</p>\r\n\r\n</p>','2022-10-02 13:40:23.378354','uploads/news/pexels-tima-miroshnichenko-8376168_di4A92g.jpg',1,'HARVARD T.H. CHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH','This article provides insights about what is climate change and how it is affecting the lives of the young population between the age of 0-14 years. Even though not a lot of research has been conducted in this regard some studies show that there is a relation between climate change and children’s health. This may include respiratory illnesses, high risk of infectious diseases and even growth-related problems.',8,164,'<p>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/c-change/subtopics/climate-change-and-childrens-health/#<br></p>'),(2343,'Discovery of new microscopic species expands the tree of life','discovery-new-microscopic-species-expands-tree-life','2022-10-02 16:35:32.035143','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#202122\"><br>\r\nMicroorganisms are tiny animals present in our surroundings. They are made up\r\nof one cell. They are present at the end of the food chain. They include fungi,\r\nbacteria, algae, etc.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(32, 33, 34);\">Scientists have\r\ndiscovered many rare species of microorganisms which were never seen before.\r\nThe discovery of these elusive species published in the scientific journal\r\nPROTIST was done by&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\">Professor Genoveva\r\nEsteban of Bournemouth University and James Weiss, an independent scientist\r\noperating in his private lab in Warsaw, Poland, with his two cats.</span><br></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">Professor Esteban\r\nsaid, \"Biodiversity at a microscopic level is not as widely understood as\r\nother areas of nature, even though whole ecosystems depend on it.&nbsp;Some of\r\nthese species are completely new and others have not been seen for over a\r\ncentury. We documented many curious behaviors in them and carried out a DNA\r\nanalysis of them for the first time.&nbsp;This means we can understand more\r\nabout their relationships with other microbes and find new branches for them on\r\nthe tree of life,\" Professor Esteban continued.</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">The tree of life is a\r\nmodel used for studying the relationships among various organisms.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">The very rare and new\r\norganisms include Legendrea loyezae. Researchers are not sure about the origin\r\nof the name of the organism. But they suspect that it is kept behind a person\r\nas Legendre is a common French surname.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-02/57dce2fc-1c88-44b1-af78-aa7bc89a1419.jpg\" style=\"width: 370.167px; height: 208.219px;\"></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">The researchers have\r\nalso discovered a new Lacerus. It generally means having irregular edges due to\r\nthe serrated appearance of edges. They also discovered Apertospathula which is\r\ndefined as ventral mouth opening.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-02/26a141a7-a059-41a2-8abc-f43e4471c7f4.jpg\" style=\"width: 391px; height: 219.938px;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\"><br></span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">These new species have\r\nnot been named yet but the researcher is thinking to name this organism in such\r\na way that it finds effective and attractive to people of all ages.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">Researcher Weiss said,\r\n\"Most organisms on the tree of life are microscopic. Most life on Earth\r\nhas always been microscopic. Microorganisms were the first predators on Earth,\r\ntheir greedy appetites were one of the leading factors of the evolution of more\r\ncomplex life in the early ages of Earth”.</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">“As prey developed\r\nbetter defenses, predators needed to develop better ways of catching them.\r\nAfter the evolution of multicellular, complex life they became the main food\r\nsource for others such as krill and plankton, which in turn are food for larger\r\nspecies. If the organisms at the very bottom were removed, all other parts of\r\nthe food chain above them would collapse too,\" he added</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">The duo of researchers\r\nworked for 18 months. They investigated thousands of samples from water bodies\r\nall over but mainly in Poland. After collecting the samples they isolated the\r\nmicroorganisms, then they were able to study which organisms were new to\r\nscience and which were rare.</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">Professor Esteban\r\nsaid, \"As with all forms of wildlife spotting, the more you look, the more\r\nyou find. By taking so many samples, almost every day, we knew we could find\r\nsomething new. The more we know about the microscopic world, the more we can\r\nlearn about the rest of their habitats where all other forms of life\r\nsurvive.\"</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#212438\">Their approach to\r\nscience and discovering these rare species will help people to learn more about\r\nlife at the microscopic level. The researchers hope that this study will\r\ninspire people to get into science and will increase the importance of\r\nmicroscopic life.</span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-02 16:33:48.193797','uploads/news/micro2.webp',1,'Bournemouth University','Scientists have discovered many rare species of microorganisms which were never seen before. The very rare and new organisms include Legendrea loyezae. The researchers have also discovered a new Lacerus. They also discovered Apertospathula.',5,204,'<p><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">James Weiss et al, The Extraordinarily Rare Ciliate Fauré-Fremiet, 1908 (Haptoria, Ciliophora),&nbsp;</span><i style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">Protist</i><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">&nbsp;(2022).&nbsp;</span><a data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2022.125912\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(70, 128, 238); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125912</a><br></p>'),(2344,'Role of Ethanol for protecting plants','role-ethanol-protecting-plants','2022-10-03 17:47:23.229182','<h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><b>New research suggests - Ethanol plays\r\na vital role in increasing the sustainability of plants.</b></span></h1><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Ethanol is an organic compound. It is\r\nalso called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and grain alcohol. A new study shows that a\r\ndose of Ethanol also known as common alcohol can help plants withstanding\r\nthe heat stress, which can destroy them. This could also offer for creating low-cost crops more resilient to the effects of climate change.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-03/cab7ba95-fbd1-4618-8fde-6de3542631bd.jpg\" style=\"width: 286px; height: 228.677px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Global warming is increasing day by day.\r\nAlong with affecting other environmental sources, it is also affecting\r\ncrops on a large scale as it increases crop losses due to the heat\r\neffect. Thus it is very necessary to discover ways to protect the\r\nsustainability of agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">One such powerful technique is Genetic\r\nengineering.<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"> Genetic engineering is also called\r\ngenetic modification or genetic manipulation. It is&nbsp;</span><em><span style=\"font-style: normal;\">the modification and manipulation of an organism\'s genes\r\nusing technology</span></em>.</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-03/453040de-86b0-428c-8cab-96515ebccab4.jpg\" style=\"width: 355.119px; height: 219.516px;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\"><br></span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt;\">&nbsp;But the solutions we adopt are easier and more affordable to\r\nimplement. Motoaki Seki of the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science\r\nsays “We need to develop novel, simple, and less expensive technologies because\r\ngenetically modified plants are not readily available in all countries\".</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">So, pre-treating crops with safe chemical\r\ncompounds is a promising approach to withhold this issue. Scientists are\r\nexploring this approach by exploring the ability of a variety of chemicals to increase\r\nthe tolerance among plants to handle environmental stresses.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">Now the researchers have found that simply\r\napplying ethanol to plants before heat exposure can increase their tolerance\r\nto heat. Researcher Seki says,” External application of ethanol could be a\r\nsimple, cheap and effective way to enhance heat tolerance in a variety of plants\".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">The team exposed lettuce and thale cress to a\r\nlow concentration of ethanol in their soil for several days. Then treated and\r\nuntreated plants were grown at temperatures high enough to prevail against heat stress. Of all the plants only 10% of the untreated plants survived, whereas the survival\r\ncount is 70% for the treated plants. This indicates the significant impact of\r\nethanol.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">Through this study, the researchers also learned\r\nclues about the molecular mechanisms behind the effect. The m<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">olecular mechanism is&nbsp;</span>explored by genetic and biochemical testing</span>.<o:p></o:p></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">The researchers also identified a set of\r\ngenes and biochemical processes which are activated due to the ethanol\r\ntreatment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;\r\nfont-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">As a feature of response, this study shows the\r\nincreased production of a protein called Binding Protein-3. It is involved in\r\nstress adaption in an organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum. This type of\r\nresponse is known as unfolded protein response, as it decreases the severity of\r\nthe effects of misfolding of proteins. D</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 24px;\">ue to environmental stress, m</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">isfolded\r\nproteins&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt;\">result when a\r\nprotein follows the wrong folding pathway or energy-minimizing funnel.</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Researchers intend to gather further insights into the mechanism. Researcher Seki says, “</span><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\">Although we found the\r\nunfolded-protein response&nbsp;is involved, we now need to undertake further\r\nstudies to reveal the undiscovered aspects of the ethanol-mediated network for&nbsp;environment-stress&nbsp;adaptation<span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">”.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0in; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Learning\r\nmore about the mechanism will help reveal more ways to enhance the\r\nprotective effect. This will perhaps fine-tune it for benefiting a wide range\r\nof species.</span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-03 17:47:23.229229','uploads/news/plant.webp',1,'RIKEN','The researchers have found that simply applying ethanol to plants before heat exposure can increase their tolerance to heat. Of all the plants only 10% of the untreated plants survived, whereas the survival count is 70% for the treated plants. This indicates the significant impact of ethanol.',5,10,'<p><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">Akihiro Matsui et al, Ethanol induces heat tolerance in plants by stimulating unfolded protein response,&nbsp;</span><i style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">Plant Molecular Biology</i><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">&nbsp;(2022).&nbsp;</span><a data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01291-8\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(70, 128, 238); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01291-8</a><br></p>'),(2345,'How to protect yourself from cyber attacks?','how-protect-yourself-cyber-attacks','2022-10-06 20:07:01.500170','<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\r\n <o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\r\n  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Name=\"Table Grid 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 7\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Grid 8\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 7\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table List 8\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Contemporary\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Elegant\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Professional\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Web 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Balloon Text\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"Table Grid\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Table Theme\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"List Paragraph\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Intense Quote\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Subtle Reference\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Intense Reference\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\r\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\r\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 1\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\r\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Mention\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Smart Hyperlink\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Hashtag\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Unresolved Mention\"></w:LsdException>\r\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\r\n   Name=\"Smart Link\"></w:LsdException>\r\n </w:LatentStyles>\r\n</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>\r\n<style>\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n	{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n	mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n	mso-style-priority:99;\r\n	mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\r\n	mso-para-margin:0cm;\r\n	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n	font-size:10.0pt;\r\n	font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;\r\n	mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";}\r\n</style>\r\n<![endif]-->\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%\">Introduction</span></b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cyber security is the practice of securing your computer,\r\nmobile devices, and networks from malicious attacks. Today post the pandemic a\r\nlot of work has moved online in almost every field like education, health, commerce\r\ncommunication, etc.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The advent of cheap and high-speed internet in India one hand\r\nhas opened various opportunities for us but on the other hand, has increased the\r\nrisk of cyber crimes in our country.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; \">Thus, it is important to impart knowledge about cyber-ethics,\r\ncyber safety, and cyber security issues in the minds of our people from a young\r\nage.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; \"><b>Necessity</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Before understanding how we should practice cyber-security we need\r\nto understand why cybersecurity is important.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 0cm;\">Data in\r\ntoday’s day and age is the most valuable asset at every level- for individuals,\r\nco-operates, and countries.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">For individuals it is important to prevent unauthorized access\r\nto their computer systems, security during online transactions, also a security\r\nwhile using social media sites like Instagram, Facebook, Instagram, etc. While\r\nfor cooperates, it is important to secure the data related to its employees,\r\nprotect confidential reports, and provide limited access at various managerial\r\nlevels. For countries, it is essential to protect sensitive information related\r\nto national security and prevent potential cyber-attacks aiming to harm the\r\ncountry.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Challenges</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Today there are multiple challenges faced by users at\r\nevery level. At an organizational level, a firm has to face ethical and legal\r\nproblems, a lot of problems could be due to negligence, communication gap and\r\nlack of acceptance, advancement in technology has led to more complicated and\r\nsophisticated cyber security attacks.</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-06/7362cc8a-b06a-4464-b5f5-272043f9e9b1.webp\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><br></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The increase in the use of technology in education puts the\r\nyoung population at a higher risk of cyber security crimes. This is due to a lack\r\nof awareness; the source material is not interactive and thus difficult for people\r\nto understand and apply in real life.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">At a personal level, users often do not update their\r\nfirewall or antivirus which could lead to potential phishing or virus\r\nattacks. Internet could be misused by children in the absence of parental\r\ncontrol. <span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Measures to be taken to ensure cyber security</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">After understanding the necessity and challenges related to\r\ncyber security, let us now understand various measures to ensure it at various\r\nlevels.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the organizational level, proper coordination between the top-level\r\nmanagement, the data, and the employees plays an important role the in\r\nensuring the safety of the customers. Security systems should not only be\r\ncarefully created, developed, or maintained but they must also be ensured that\r\npeople’s participation also exists. Proper rules and regulations related to the\r\ncyber security of users and employees.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">At a general level, it is important to develop knowledge\r\nrelated to security. At an individual level, it is important to always keep a backup of your information, learn safe messaging skills, and creating hard to\r\ncrack passwords.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conclusion</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The rise in the usage of the internet in India has created several opportunities for its people but this rapid change has also created a\r\nunique set of problems as well. Thus it is important to identify the necessity\r\nand challenges as well as measures to counter these at the organization and personal as\r\nwell as at levels of the states and country.</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 72pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-left: 72pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p></p>','2022-10-04 13:22:51.561555','uploads/news/pexels-mati-mango-6330644.jpg',1,'International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012','The rise in the usage of internet in India has created a number of opportunities for its people but this rapid change has also created its unique set of problems as well. Thus it is important to identify the necessity and challenges as well as measure to counter these at organizational, personal as well as at the level of the states and country.',8,15,'<p><a href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bina-Kotiyal/publication/271298620_A_Cyber_Era_Approach_for_Building_Awareness_in_Cyber_Security_for_Educational_System_in_India/links/5e10abf7299bf10bc38f707e/A-Cyber-Era-Approach-for-Building-Awareness-in-Cyber-Security-for-Educational-System-in-India.pdf\">A-Cyber-Era-Approach-for-Building-Awareness-in-Cyber-Security-for-Educational-System-in-India.pdf (researchgate.net)</a></p>'),(2346,'UPDATE ON THE MARS ORBITER MISSION (MOM)','update-mars-orbiter-mission-mom','2022-10-04 14:41:21.791440','<h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(5, 50, 136); font-family: Helvetica, &quot;Verdana Arial&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><b style=\"\">UPDATE ON THE MARS ORBITER MISSION (MOM) AND THE NATIONAL MEET ORGANISED ON 27 SEPTEMBER, 2022:</b></span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(5, 50, 136); font-family: Helvetica, &quot;Verdana Arial&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><b style=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </b></span><font face=\"Helvetica, Verdana Arial, sans-serif\" color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;The ISRO give an update on the marks of the orbiter mission and the national meet was also held on September 27 to&nbsp;</span></font><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">commemorate</span>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: rgb(66, 66, 66); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">mom on the event of completion of its 8 years in the Martin orbit. MOM was launched on November 5 2013 and after completing 300 days of interplanetary journey, it was inserted into the martian orbit on September 24, 2014,&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Shri Shantanu Bhatwadekar, Scientific Secretary, ISRO, during his prelude address, mentioned this.</span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/0da5337b-ec92-4dca-836a-7741f6fc6c99.png\" style=\"width: 548.996px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(66, 66, 66); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">The Indian space research organization confirm on Monday that the mars Orbiter craft has lost communication with the ground station it\'s non-recoverable and the Mangalyaan mission has attained end-of-life.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">DURING HIS SPECIAL ADDRESS, Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, Member Space Commission mentioned&nbsp;the unique lessons learned from this mission; despite being realized in a remarkably short turn-around time, the MOM mission has added enormous value to the domains of science, technology, and management. He mentioned that it was an enormous feat to have reached Martian orbit successfully in the maiden attempt. Shri. A.S. Kiran Kumar, Member Space Commission mentioned the criticality of the payload operations in the Martian orbit, given the conflicting requirements of the payload operations, radio delay, and white-out and black-out conjunctions.</span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/7ed4d345-1c75-443a-b208-7bdbc74bcf1f.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Schematic of Mars Orbiter Mission</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;During this meeting, it was also presented that there has been a high demand for the marks orbiter mission data globally. The mission has also contributed to Human Resource generation;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">it has generated several Ph.D. holders, while many of the research scholars are using the data from the mission to pursue their doctoral work.</span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The session was dedicated to a panel discussion on \"Future Exploration of the Inner Solar System Scope\" and the focus areas with the participation of the Indian academic institute and ISRO. </span></h1><h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><b>The deliberations during the national meeting cover topics on</b></span></h1><ol><li><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The challenges faced by the mass orbiter mission</span></li><li><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Lessons learn from them on how to access the mission data from the portal of the Indian space science data center</span></li><li><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">As well a series of detailed presentations on the science outcomes by the principle investigator terms as well as the academy partners.&nbsp;</span></li><li>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\">It was also discussed that despite being designed for a life-span of six months as a technology demonstrator</span></li></ol><p><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\">The Mars Orbiter Mission has lived for about eight years in the Martian orbit with a gamut of significant scientific results on Mars as well as on the Solar corona, before losing communication with the ground station, as a result of a long eclipse in April 2022. The mission will be ever-regarded as a remarkable technological and scientific feat in the history of planetary exploration</span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\">.</span></p><p><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></p><p><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\">Conclusion:&nbsp;</span><b><span style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(108, 108, 108); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">This mission will be ever-regarded as a remarkable technological and scientific feat, ISRO said.</span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px;\"><br></span></span><br></b></p><h1 class=\"\"><br></h1>','2022-10-04 14:39:45.129905','uploads/news/FullDiscMOM_large.jpg.webp',1,'Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space','Mars Orbiter Mission was launched on November 5, 2013, and after completing 300 days of interplanetary journey, it was inserted to the Martian orbit on September 24, 2014.',6,1,'<p><a href=\"https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/mars-orbiter-craft-non-recoverable-mangalyaan-mission-over-confirms-isro-101664845913122.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/mars-orbiter-craft-non-recoverable-mangalyaan-mission-over-confirms-isro-101664845913122.html</a><br></p>'),(2347,'NASA alert! Planet-killer 93-foot asteroid zooming towards Earth today; SHOCKING discovery!','nasa-alert-planet-killer-93-foot-asteroid-zooming-towards-earth-today-shocking-discovery','2022-10-04 16:47:22.110664','<p>Will this asteroid impact the planet and can cause global catastrophe? Here\'s what NASA says about this scary space rock.<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/bcd83915-d2ab-4b7c-aba7-5eab1de0ab34.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"></p><p><br></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">Another day another asteroid</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;heading for Earth, it has been the story of this month so far. 5 asteroids</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;have passed by Earth closely within the last two days and now NASA&nbsp; h</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">as issued an alert that one&nbsp;</span><span style=\"color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;\">more is already on its way. Asteroids are Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) that are often found orbiting the Sun in the main asteroid belt near Jupiter. Most of them burn up and disintegrate before reaching the planet but some can still pass through.</span></p><p><font color=\"#2b2b2b\" face=\"Roboto, Arial, Sans-sarif\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica;\">Earth has been in the firing line of various space phenomena this past couple of weeks including solar storms and asteroids. On the planet itself, hurricanes have been relentless causing serious damage. While asteroids have not caused any damage but they have been a constant threat as more than 40 asteroids have flown by Earth at very close quarters in the last month alone. Now NASA has warned that another asteroid 92-foot monster is on its way and it could be a potential planet killer shocking date was discovered on October 2.</span></font></p><p><font color=\"#2b2b2b\"><font face=\"Helvetica\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><b>Key details about Asteroid 2022 TF.</b></span></font></font></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">﻿NASA\'s planetary Defense Coordination office that, it is responsible for monitoring the skies and also for keeping a watch on various Near-Earth Objects (NEOs). I</span><font style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">f any (NEOs) are at the risk of earth impact NASA red flags it and issues an alert the same organization has issued an alert about an asteroid name asteroid 2022 TF which is headed straight for Earth today, October 4 accordingly to NASA 93 foot while asteroid will make it close this approach to the planet today at a distance of just 2.65 million km. it is hurting towards the speed of 37008 km per hour. According to sky.org, the extra 2022 TF belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids that takes 1110 days to complete one trip around the sun during which the maximum distance from the sun is 476 million kilometers and the nearest distance is 152 million km.</span></font></p><p><font style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br></span></font></p><p><font style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><b>Did you know tech is the behind the research?</b></font></p><p><font style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The international research team identifies the impact sites of asteroids using CSI crime-solving techniques. According to the research, only 30% of the Holocene asteroid\'s impact craters have been identified in the last 11,650 years. The researchers used a charcoal sample from crater sides to identify the asteroid impact. A recent article published by the geological society of America\'s journal Geology explains that the bodies of the organisms which died due to the asteroid impact can be analyzed to find out the extent of damage caused by the asteroid impact. By studying how an organism die researchers can find out the condition in which they were killed which reflects the properties of an asteroid</span><br></font></p><p><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">﻿Conclusion:</span></p><p><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/c01fb2af-6917-4af5-8a1c-f20863fdd493.png\" style=\"width: 698.013px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">NASA conducts surveys then using its crown base telescope such as the Pans-STARRS1 in Maui, Hawaii as well to identify thousands of near-Earth objects(NEOs). The space agency also utilizes a space-based telescope called NEOWISE to identify hundreds of others while scanning the skies at near-infrared light from its polar orbit around Earth</span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><br></span><font style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><br></span><br></font><br><br><br></p>','2022-10-04 16:47:22.110710','uploads/news/asteroid-179319_1920_1627369921725_1664787507675_1664787507675.jpg',1,'By HT TECH','The organisation has issued an alert about an asteroid named Asteroid 2022 TF which is headed straight for Earth today, October 4. According to NASA!',6,1,'<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/nasa-alert-planet-killer-93-foot-asteroid-zooming-towards-earth-today-shocking-discovery-71664861749270.html</span><br></p>'),(2348,'All about IoT and its applications','all-about-iot-and-its-applications','2022-10-04 17:47:57.107549','<h1 class=\"\"></h1><h1 style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b>In today’s developing\r\nworld, many new concepts are emerging. One of them is IoT.</b></span></h1><h1 style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" class=\"\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/22d03abc-447a-45ff-855d-93b482ff3c51.webp\" style=\"width: 329px; height: 214.291px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b><br></b></span></h1><h1 style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" class=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b><br></b></span></h1>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b>What is IoT?</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">IoT stands for\r\n<b>Internet of Things</b>.&nbsp;The Internet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected\r\nsystem of distinctively addressable physical items with various levels of\r\nprocessing, sensing, and actuation capabilities. These devices share the\r\ncapability to communicate through a joint platform. The main objective of IoT\r\nis to make a way for devices to connect through any network, path, or service.\r\nIoT is being regarded as the subsequent phase concerning the evolution of the\r\ninternet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Considering today’s\r\nneeds of the common man, a huge amount of data is shared via the internet. We\r\nmake use of various devices such as Smartphones, cameras, home appliances,\r\nindustrial systems, and many more for sharing information via the internet.\r\nThese devices though accomplish real-time monitoring, tracing, system\r\nrecognizations, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">With all this in mind,\r\nthe demand for IoT will always keep expanding due to the functions it provides.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/b4757648-f8a5-40d9-b215-f8a3a03f36b5.webp\" style=\"width: 378.277px; height: 212.938px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b>How big is IoT?</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">IoT is a vast field.\r\nThe IoT market size was valued at USD 384.70 billion in 2021. It is expected to\r\nrise from USD 478.36 billion in 2022 to USD 2465.26 billion by 2029.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p><br></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p><br></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b>Applications of IoT:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Along with numerous\r\npotential applications, IoT also has applications in daily aspects of life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">1. <b>Smart cities:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IoT plays a vital role\r\nin improving and enhancing the smartness of cities and their infrastructure.\r\nIoT applications concerning smart cities include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Intelligent\r\ntransportation systems<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Smart buildings<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Traffic congestion<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Waste management<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">smart lighting<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">smart parking<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">urban maps<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Some of the already\r\ndeveloped applications in this area are the Aware home and the Smart Santander\r\nfunctionalities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">2. <b>Healthcare:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; IoT applications\r\nconcerning healthcare include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">tracking of patients,\r\nstaff, and objects,<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">identifying, as well\r\nas authenticating, individuals<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">automatic gathering of\r\ndata and sensing.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Hospital workflow can\r\nbe significantly improved once the patient flow is tracked.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">3. <b>Smart living:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Concerning smart\r\nliving, IoT can be applied to control the switching of devices thereby saving\r\nenergy and avoiding accidents. It can be inculcated in such a way that it makes\r\nthe handling of devices and overall work efficient and unambiguous way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">For example, Smart\r\nappliances can include refrigerators with LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) screens.\r\nThis can also be linked to smartphones. This will provide a way for managing\r\nthe food stored in the refrigerator. It will make it easy to locate what is\r\nstored and what has to be replaced.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">4. <b>Smart Agriculture :</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;IoT applications in\r\nthe agricultural sector include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Examining the moisture\r\npresent in the soil<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">In the case of vineyards,\r\nmonitoring the trunk diameter<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">control and preserve\r\nthe quantity of vitamins<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">regulate microclimate\r\nconditions<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">Studying weather\r\nconditions<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">forecasting\r\nof ice information, drought, wind changes, rain or snow,<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<ul><li style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">controlling temperature and humidity levels to prevent fungus as well as other\r\nmicrobial contaminants.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b>Conclusion:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">IoT is such a field of\r\nnetworking that will keep developing, improving, and enhancing. It will keep\r\ninnovating new innovative forms for management. Which will require new forms of\r\nsoftware engineering and project management. It has quite a diverse application\r\nand will keep emerging in near future.<o:p></o:p></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-04 17:47:57.107594','uploads/news/iot1.webp',1,'International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications','The main objective of IoT is to make a way for devices to connect through any network, path, or service. IoT is being regarded as the subsequent phase concerning the evolution of the internet. IoT is such a field of networking that will keep developing, improving, and enhancing.',5,217,'<p>1.&nbsp;AbdelRahman H. Hussein Department of Networks and Information Security Faculty of Information Technology / Al-Ahliyya Amman University</p><p>2.&nbsp;M. H. Miraz, M. Ali, P. S. Excell, and R. Picking, “A Review on Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)”, in 2015 Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA), pp. 219– 224, Sep. 2015, DOI: 10.1109/ITechA.2015.7317398.</p>'),(2349,'Researchers find ways to increase sleeping hours in teens','researchers-find-ways-increase-sleeping-hours-teens','2022-10-06 20:15:21.498698','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">We are aware of the\r\nimportance of sleep. If we complete our sleep in proper hours we can\r\nconcentrate properly on a coming day. Someday, if we do not complete our sleep,\r\nwe notice irritability and less alertness in our behavior. Due to this we also\r\ndon’t catch up with time.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-04/4ee32e15-5f19-461a-928a-67f6753d61ca.webp\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18pt;\"><br></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 14pt;\">Concerning this, researchers have found a\r\nway to increase sleeping hours among teenagers. This will help teens to\r\ncomplete their sleep cycle and decrease the issues caused due to the\r\ndeprivation of sleep.</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 15pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">In the teenage, it is very\r\nimportant for a person to at least sleep for 8-10 hours. Sleeping for this\r\nparticular period helps in maintaining physical health and helps in concentrating\r\nproperly. According to the National Sleep Foundation and the American Academy\r\nof Sleep Medicine, most adolescents take less than eight hours of sleep.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">New research\r\npublished in the journal SLEEP considers this issue and sheds light on ways\r\nthat might help adolescents to get more sleep.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Stephanie J. Crowley,\r\nPh.D., associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and the director\r\nof the Pediatric Chronobiology and Sleep Research Program at RUSH says, \"There\r\nare a lot of changes a teen goes through. One specifically is a change to sleep\r\nbiology that happens during puberty. The brain systems that control sleep\r\nchange in such a way that it\'s easier for an adolescent to stay awake later\r\ninto the evening. One of these systems -- the 24-hour circadian clock -- shifts\r\nlater in time.”</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">As per the research,\r\nthere are two important factors. The first is to go to bed earlier for the school\r\nschedule and the second is the natural biological changes happening in the teen’s\r\nbody.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">To solve this complex\r\nclash, the researchers implanted an action plan that targeted the circadian\r\nsystem with different behavioral measures. It aims to help teens to\r\nschedule a better nighttime routine.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">So, the researchers\r\nused bright light therapy to combat sleep deprivation. They used this therapy\r\non two weekend mornings for 2.5 hours. The bright light signals the internal\r\nclock to wake up a little earlier. This would help teens to fall asleep at the proper time.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The team of\r\nresearchers then helped to control sleep deprivation by providing time management\r\ntools and also, by addressing the barriers responsible for an early bedtime. For\r\nthis purpose, they followed the way of limiting certain school activities.</span> &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">After the study, the researchers\r\nwere successfully able to increase the teen’s bedtime by half an hour, which\r\nincreased their total sleep by approximately one hour.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\"The interesting\r\nthing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,\"\r\nCrowley said. \"And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn\'t\r\nneed to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of\r\ntrying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep\r\nduration.\"</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">After this study,\r\nresearchers also found that the teens then were less tired, less worried, and less\r\nirritable. They exhibited better concentration power and their alertness in the\r\nmorning improved.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">&nbsp;</span></p>','2022-10-04 21:11:53.331860','uploads/news/sleep1.webp',1,'Rush University Medical Center','Researchers have found a way to increase sleeping hours among teenagers. This will help teens to complete their sleep cycle and decrease the issues caused due to the deprivation of sleep.',5,8,'<ol class=\"journal\" style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 20px; border-radius: 0px !important;\"><li style=\"margin: 0px; padding-left: 5px; border-radius: 0px !important;\">Stephanie J Crowley, Sabrina L Velez, Logan G Killen, Jamie A Cvengros, Louis F Fogg, Charmane I Eastman.&nbsp;<strong style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Extending weeknight sleep of delayed adolescents using weekend morning bright light and evening time management</strong>.&nbsp;<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important;\">Sleep</em>, 2022; DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac202\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 66, 118); border-radius: 0px !important;\">10.1093/sleep/zsac202</a></li></ol>'),(2350,'What happens when the Sun is asleep?','what-happens-when-sun-asleep','2022-10-05 16:32:33.884131','<h1 style=\"font-family: &quot;Eb Garamond&quot;; font-size: var(--type-ramp-plus-5-font-size); font-weight: 600; line-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-height: 160px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">﻿</span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">What happens when the Sun is asleep? Here\'s what the IISER study reveals.....</span></h1><h3 style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif; padding-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(33, 37, 41);\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Researchers at the IISER, Kolkata\'s Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India have discovered what happens the sun is asleep. Now and then, a new space revelation is discovered by scientists that makes this topic much more interesting and intriguing. The sun has been very active throughout this year with episodes of solar flares and geomagnetic storms. However, this has not always been the case. There have been instances when the sun appears to be asleep and the sunspots on its surface entirely disappear.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata\'s Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India have discovered what happens when the sun is entirely inactive and how the star revives its energy to erupt with life and send dangerous flares all across the solar system.</span></h3><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">According to research presented in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the polar and interior regions of the star continue to spin even while the sun</span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">&nbsp;is sound asleep. Scientists found that even during this naptime, the Sun\'s core dynamo system, which supports the solar cycle, is still working hard.</span></p><h2 style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\" class=\"\"></h2><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px;\">What happens when the sun sleeps?</span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">In the past, there have been periods when the sun\'s activity had reached an all-time low and there weren\'t any sunspots. The sun\'s energy and particle emission significantly decrease during this period, known as the grand minimum.</span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">According to astronomers:</span></p><ul><li style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">The growing number of sunspots seen on the star\'s surface abruptly stopped between 1645 and 1715. Such minima have been observed throughout the Sun\'s 4.6 billion-year life, so this is not an isolated occurrence.</span></li><li style=\"color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">There is little know</span><font face=\"Roboto Slab, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">l</span></font><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">edge regarding the activity in the polar and deep areas of the sun during this time, even though we are aware of what occurs on its surface.</span></li><li style=\"color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\"> even though it is generally accepted that the Sun\'s large-scale magnetic cycle cuts off during these phases, the new study shows that this is not necessarily the case.</span></li></ul><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px;\"><br></span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px;\">What did researchers find?</span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">While speaking to India Today, the authors of the research done by IISER Ph.D. candidates Chitradeep Saha, Sangita Chandra, and Professor Dibyendu Nandy, noted magnetic fields in the Sun\'s interior are still rather active even during these phases that appear to be inactive. The convection zone continues to experience mild cycles of magnetic activity, which are unable to create sunspots.</span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">Additionally, the scientists showed how the solar convection zone\'s plasma, which functions as a clock and propels weak magnetic cycles inside the Sun during what were previously thought to be periods of great inactivity, is constantly turning.</span></p><p style=\"font-size: 20px; color: rgb(76, 76, 76); line-height: 30px; font-family: &quot;Roboto Slab&quot;, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;\">The study, which will focus on the Sun\'s interior and polar regions, which have remained a mystery to scientists, is likely to be useful for future developments in the study of the Sun. Two significant projects, the Parker Solar Probe from NASA and the Solar Orbiter from Europe, are currently coming closer to the star to observe the changes and improve our understanding of space weather.</span></p>','2022-10-05 16:16:50.605236','uploads/news/THE_SUN.0_1.jpg',1,'NASA','Researchers at the IISER, Kolkata\'s Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India have discovered what happens sun is asleep.',6,1,'<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">https://www.dnaindia.com/science/report-what-happens-when-the-sun-is-asleep-here-s-what-iiser-study-reveals-2990143</span><br></p>'),(2351,'Effect of oil spills on seabirds','effect-oil-spills-seabirds','2022-10-06 20:07:28.105482','<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\ncolor:#212438\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>Seabirds are marine birds</b>. They make their primary living in the\r\noceans. Seabirds in comparison with normal birds generally live longer. They\r\nalso experience long-distance migrations in their lifespan.</span><u1:p></u1:p></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>According to new\r\nresearch, tiny amounts of crude oil on the water\'s surface can damage the\r\nfeathers of seabirds</b>. This study has been published in the Royal Society Open\r\nScience.</span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-05/c622aa10-d5ad-4985-827f-1b8411ce362f.webp\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:\r\n18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><br></span></p><p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:\r\n18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#212438\"><u1:p></u1:p></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The research\r\nteam from the</span>&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Marine Ecology\r\nGroup in UCC in Ireland collected feathers from Manx shearwaters. It is a\r\nseabird species that are thought to be at risk of oil pollution. The\r\nresearchers examined the feathers of seabirds. They did this to overlook how\r\nquickly water passes after exposure to increasing concentrations of oil.\r\nThese feathers were assessed under high-powered microscopes to examine\r\nstructural changes.</font></span><u1:p></u1:p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.2;\"><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The result of this study\r\ndiscovered that the extremely thin oil sheens, between 0.1 and 3 micrometers in\r\nthickness, were enough to have a significant effect on feather structure and\r\nimpact waterproofing.</span></span></font></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.4;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 18px;\"><font color=\"#000000\">Other studies have also shown that seabirds when exposed to oil, they are more likely to become waterlogged, cold, and less buoyant.</font></span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><br></span></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\ncolor:#212438\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Various types of research on oil spills have shown that the\r\n<b>toxic chemicals</b> remain in the ocean for years and years. Thereafter it settles\r\ndown at the bottom thereby poisoning the ocean floor. This poisoning can kill\r\nvarious animals and birds present in the water. Also, it can kill them due to\r\nthe <b>increase in suffocation</b>. &nbsp;</span><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>Unrefined oil (</b></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><b><a href=\"https://phys.org/tags/crude+oil/\"><span style=\"color:black\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 14pt;\">crude\r\noil</span></span></a><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"></span></b><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>)</b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b> </b>has been spilled into the sea in huge volumes due for various\r\nreasons. First is the disasters such as <b>Exxon Valdez and Sea Empress spills.</b></span></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><br></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src=\"/media/django-summernote/2022-10-05/97721640-42f9-45f1-9f91-c36e7a0ea2d5.webp\" style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><br></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><br></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>Exxon Valdez oil spill </b>was a massive oil spill that occurred on<b>\r\nMarch 24, 1989</b>, in Alaska. This spill polluted over&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);\"><b>1,300 miles (2,092 kilometers)</b></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&nbsp;of the intended shoreline as well as nearby water bodies.\r\nThousands of people contributed to the cleaning process of this oil spill.\r\nDespite all these efforts, the spill destroyed much of the native wildlife,\r\nsuch as sea otters, salmon, etc.</span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><br></span><o:p></o:p></span><u1:p></u1:p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>Sea Empress spills</b></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>&nbsp;</b>occurred\r\non <b>15</b></span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>th</b></span></sup><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>&nbsp;February 1996. </b>The Sea\r\nEmpress oil tanker ran aground.&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);\">The oil tanker spilled 72,000\r\ntons of crude oil along the <b>Pembrokeshire Coastline</b></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">.</span><o:p></o:p></span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><u1:p></u1:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\ncolor:#1A1A1A\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Apart from the disaster reason, it is also released into the\r\nenvironment due to extraction and transportation activities. The release of\r\ncrude oil increases oil pollution in the seas.</span><u1:p></u1:p></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\r\ncolor:#1A1A1A\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pollution of any kind is always harmful to the life of living\r\nbeings. Thus, oil pollution also poses threat to the existing seabird population.\r\nEven though it is released at moderate levels, oil spreads quickly across the\r\nsurface of the sea, thereby coating a large marine area. This can be harmful to\r\nseabirds. </span>&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><u1:p></u1:p></span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, &quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(33, 36, 56);\"><b>Emma Murphy</b>, the lead\r\nauthor of the study, said, \"Chronic small-scale&nbsp;oil pollution&nbsp;is\r\ncommonly overlooked in the&nbsp;marine environment, though it has been shown to\r\nhave serious implications for the fitness and survival of seabirds. This study\r\nexamined one species, but the results can be extended to other species that rely\r\non waterproofing to stay healthy when at sea for long periods.\"</span></p>','2022-10-05 20:58:05.098991','uploads/news/sunset-2570443_960_720.jpg',1,'University College Cork','The research team from the Marine Ecology Group in UCC in Ireland collected feathers from Manx shearwaters. The result of this study discovered that the extremely thin oil sheens, between 0.1 and 3 micrometers in thickness, were enough to have a significant effect on feather structure and impact waterproofing.',5,43,'<p><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">&nbsp;Light to intermediate oil sheens increase Manx shearwater feather permeability,&nbsp;</span><i style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">Royal Society Open Science</i><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">&nbsp;(2022).&nbsp;</span><a data-doi=\"1\" href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220488\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(70, 128, 238); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220488</a><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(220, 226, 230);\">.&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220488\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(70, 128, 238); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;\">royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220488</a><br></p>'),