<ol class="cite-this-references"><li id="reference-A457">Rosenberg G: The mechanisms of action of valproate in neuropsychiatric disorders: can we see the forest for the trees? Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Aug;64(16):2090-103. [<a href="/articles/A457" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A458">Lehrman G, Hogue IB, Palmer S, Jennings C, Spina CA, Wiegand A, Landay AL, Coombs RW, Richman DD, Mellors JW, Coffin JM, Bosch RJ, Margolis DM: Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet. 2005 Aug 13-19;366(9485):549-55. [<a href="/articles/A458" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A459">Schwartz C, Palissot V, Aouali N, Wack S, Brons NH, Leners B, Bosseler M, Berchem G: Valproic acid induces non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms in multiple myeloma cell lines. Int J Oncol. 2007 Mar;30(3):573-82. [<a href="/articles/A459" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A460">Valentini A, Gravina P, Federici G, Bernardini S: Valproic acid induces apoptosis, p16INK4A upregulation and sensitization to chemotherapy in human melanoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007 Feb;6(2):185-91. Epub 2007 Feb 5. [<a href="/articles/A460" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177841">Linde M, Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, McCrory DC: Valproate (valproic acid or sodium valproate or a combination of the two) for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 24;(6):CD010611. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010611. [<a href="/articles/A177841" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177859">Routy JP, Tremblay CL, Angel JB, Trottier B, Rouleau D, Baril JG, Harris M, Trottier S, Singer J, Chomont N, Sekaly RP, Boulassel MR: Valproic acid in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy for reducing systemic HIV-1 reservoirs: results from a multicentre randomized clinical study. HIV Med. 2012 May;13(5):291-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00975.x. Epub 2012 Jan 26. [<a href="/articles/A177859" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177919">Cipriani A, Reid K, Young AH, Macritchie K, Geddes J: Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 17;(10):CD003196. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003196.pub2. [<a href="/articles/A177919" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177928">Ghaemi SN, Gilmer WS, Goldberg JF, Zablotsky B, Kemp DE, Kelley ME, Bauer AD, Fleck J, Filkowski MM, Stan VA, Dunn RT: Divalproex in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;68(12):1840-4. [<a href="/articles/A177928" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177931">Davis LL, Bartolucci A, Petty F: Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2005 Apr;85(3):259-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2004.09.009. [<a href="/articles/A177931" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177934">Muzina DJ, Gao K, Kemp DE, Khalife S, Ganocy SJ, Chan PK, Serrano MB, Conroy CM, Calabrese JR: Acute efficacy of divalproex sodium versus placebo in mood stabilizer-naive bipolar I or II depression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jun;72(6):813-9. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05570gre. Epub 2010 Aug 24. [<a href="/articles/A177934" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177955">Prasad M, Krishnan PR, Sequeira R, Al-Roomi K: Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 10;(9):CD003723. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003723.pub3. [<a href="/articles/A177955" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177991">El-Habr EA, Dubois LG, Burel-Vandenbos F, Bogeas A, Lipecka J, Turchi L, Lejeune FX, Coehlo PL, Yamaki T, Wittmann BM, Fareh M, Mahfoudhi E, Janin M, Narayanan A, Morvan-Dubois G, Schmitt C, Verreault M, Oliver L, Sharif A, Pallud J, Devaux B, Puget S, Korkolopoulou P, Varlet P, Ottolenghi C, Plo I, Moura-Neto V, Virolle T, Chneiweiss H, Junier MP: A driver role for GABA metabolism in controlling stem and proliferative cell state through GHB production in glioma. Acta Neuropathol. 2017 Apr;133(4):645-660. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1659-5. Epub 2016 Dec 28. [<a href="/articles/A177991" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A177997">Yamada MK, Nakanishi K, Ohba S, Nakamura T, Ikegaya Y, Nishiyama N, Matsuki N: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the maturation of GABAergic mechanisms in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci. 2002 Sep 1;22(17):7580-5. [<a href="/articles/A177997" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178000">Shaltiel G, Shamir A, Shapiro J, Ding D, Dalton E, Bialer M, Harwood AJ, Belmaker RH, Greenberg ML, Agam G: Valproate decreases inositol biosynthesis. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Dec 1;56(11):868-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.027. [<a href="/articles/A178000" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178003">Yu W, Greenberg ML: Inositol depletion, GSK3 inhibition and bipolar disorder. Future Neurol. 2016 May;11(2):135-148. doi: 10.2217/fnl-2016-0003. Epub 2016 Apr 26. [<a href="/articles/A178003" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178015">Manji HK, Etcheberrigaray R, Chen G, Olds JL: Lithium decreases membrane-associated protein kinase C in hippocampus: selectivity for the alpha isozyme. J Neurochem. 1993 Dec;61(6):2303-10. [<a href="/articles/A178015" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178018">Yi L, Wu Q, Chen N, Song G, Wang C, Zou Q, Zhang Z: Valproate Plays a Protective Role against Migraine by Inhibiting Protein Kinase C Signalling in Nitroglycerin-treated Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Mar;122(3):310-316. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12915. Epub 2017 Nov 12. [<a href="/articles/A178018" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178021">Watterson JM, Watson DG, Meyer EM, Lenox RH: A role for protein kinase C and its substrates in the action of valproic acid in the brain: implications for neural plasticity. Brain Res. 2002 Apr 26;934(1):69-80. [<a href="/articles/A178021" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178024">Bolanos JP, Medina JM: Effect of valproate on the metabolism of the central nervous system. Life Sci. 1997;60(22):1933-42. [<a href="/articles/A178024" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A14708">Bazinet RP, Weis MT, Rapoport SI, Rosenberger TA: Valproic acid selectively inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to arachidonoyl-CoA by brain microsomal long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases: relevance to bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Jan;184(1):122-9. Epub 2005 Dec 13. [<a href="/articles/A14708" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178027">Tang Y, Glauser TA, Gilbert DL, Hershey AD, Privitera MD, Ficker DM, Szaflarski JP, Sharp FR: Valproic acid blood genomic expression patterns in children with epilepsy - a pilot study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Mar;109(3):159-68. [<a href="/articles/A178027" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178030">Phiel CJ, Zhang F, Huang EY, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Klein PS: Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36734-41. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M101287200. Epub 2001 Jul 25. [<a href="/articles/A178030" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178033">Sharma RP, Rosen C, Kartan S, Guidotti A, Costa E, Grayson DR, Chase K: Valproic acid and chromatin remodeling in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: preliminary results from a clinical population. Schizophr Res. 2006 Dec;88(1-3):227-31. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.015. Epub 2006 Sep 25. [<a href="/articles/A178033" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178036">Huang Y, Doherty JJ, Dingledine R: Altered histone acetylation at glutamate receptor 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes is an early event triggered by status epilepticus. J Neurosci. 2002 Oct 1;22(19):8422-8. [<a href="/articles/A178036" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A11814">Kanai H, Sawa A, Chen RW, Leeds P, Chuang DM: Valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylase activity and suppresses excitotoxicity-induced GAPDH nuclear accumulation and apoptotic death in neurons. Pharmacogenomics J. 2004;4(5):336-44. [<a href="/articles/A11814" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178051">Lopez-Munoz F, Baumeister AA, Hawkins MF, Alamo C: The role of serendipity in the discovery of the clinical effects of psychotropic drugs: beyond of the myth. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2012 Jan-Feb;40(1):34-42. Epub 2012 Jan 1. [<a href="/articles/A178051" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-A178066">Zaccara G, Messori A, Moroni F: Clinical pharmacokinetics of valproic acid--1988. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988 Dec;15(6):367-89. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198815060-00002. [<a href="/articles/A178066" target="_blank">Article</a>] </li><li id="reference-L6151">Depacon FDA Label (2006) [<a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/018081s42,18082s26,18723s32,19680s19,20593s11,21168s9lbl.pdf" target="_blank">Link</a>] </li><li id="reference-L6190">Depakene FDA [<a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&amp;ApplNo=018081" target="_blank">Link</a>] </li><li id="reference-L6196">Depakene FDA Label (2019) [<a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/018081s069,018082s052lbl.pdf" target="_blank">Link</a>] </li><li id="reference-L3897">FDA Approved Drug Products: Stavzor (valproic acid) delayed-release capsules for oral use [<a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/022152s009lbl.pdf" target="_blank">Link</a>] </li></ol>