The economic development of Northern China relies on Beijing Tianjin Hebei metropolitan agglomerations. As economic development has been the main emphasis, environmental pollution has been neglected and is now a major issue that needs to be solved. The study by Yao (2022) focussed on seven provinces Hebei, Tianjin and Beijing and the surrounding provinces included, Inner, Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong. These provinces are held accountable for the economic benefits of environmental pollution and cost shifting from an consumption perspective. Further, to characterise these characteristics, one needs to  construct an environmental burden inequity index (CG index). The study concluded that “after comparing the two (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to the surrounding areas), it could be found that the consumer costs in Beijing, Tianjin and Shandong are higher than the production costs, while the consumer costs in other provinces are lower than their production costs.