<p>Patients experiencing an overdose may present with drowsiness, mental confusion, maculopapular or erythematous rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or diarrhea. Vomiting is generally induced or a gastric lavage is performed.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup> Supportive treatment involves maintining hydration, electrolyte balance, and vital functions<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup>.</p><p>The oral LD50 in mice, rats, and rabbits is &gt;1g/kg.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup></p><p>Spironolactone should be avoided in pregnancy due to reports of feminization of male fetuses in animal studies.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup> Active metabolites of spironolactone are present in breast milk and levels that are likely inconsequential, though the long term effects have not been studied.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup></p><p>In animal studies, spironolactone slowed follicle development, ovulation, and implantation.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup> Spironolactone increased the incidence of benign adenomas in the testes of male rats, benign uterine endometrial stromal polyps in female rats, and thyroid follicular cell adenomas in both sexes of rats.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup> Spironolactone and canrenone are generally not considered to be mutagenic in tests but canrenone occasionally tests positive for mutagenicity with metabolic activation and spironolactone has occasionally tested inconclusive though slightly positive for mutagenicity.<sup class="text-reference-group"><a class="reference-popover-link" data-content="Official drug label" href="#label-reference">Label</a></sup></p>